IBNU KHALDUNابو زيد عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن خلدون الحضرمي

A PHILOSOPHER, SOCIOLOGIST AND SOCIAL SCIENTIST

Juffri Supa’at & Nurhazman Abdul Aziz

Scope� As An Individual

A Muslim Scholar

N The Community Structure, Norms and Development

Nature of the Information SourcesOrthodox, Philosophy & Intellectual Sciences

o ConclusionWhat can we learnt

As An Individual A Muslim Scholar

Ibnu Khaldun

BiographyArab Scholar Medieval era

Name Ibn Khaldun [Ab Zayd ‘Abdu r-Ra man bin Mu ammad bin Khald n al- a ram ]ū ū īḥ ḥ Ḥ ḍ

Birth 27 May, 1332/732 AH

Death 19 March, 1406/808 AH

School / Tradition

Ash'ari [It was instrumental in drastically changing the direction of Islamic theology, separating its development radically from that of theology in the Christian world.]

Main Interests Sociology, History, Historiography, Demography, Economics, Philosophy of History,

Notable Ideas Asabiyah

Influences Al-Razi [a fundamental and enduring contributions to the fields of medicine, alchemy, and philosophy, recorded in over 184 books and articles in various fields of science.]

Influenced Al-Maqrizi, Social sciences [remarkable in this context for his unusually keen interest in the Ismaili Fatimid dynasty and its role in Egyptian history]

Quotation attributed to Ibn Khaldun "He who finds a new path is a pathfinder, even if

the trail has to be found again by others; and he who walks far ahead of his contemporaries is a leader, even though centuries pass before he is recognized as such."

About Ibnu Khaldun Abu Zayd 'Abd al-Rahman Ibnu Khaldun received a good education. served as assistant and secretary to several government

officials. career was dependent on the good will of his superiors, changed jobs frequently when political winds shifted. led an extremely eventful life, traveling to, among other places,

Mecca, Damascus. Palestine and Seville, and occasionally finding enough leisure time to teach, study, and write.

Among the notable personalities Ibn Khaldun encountered in his adventures were King Pedro I of Castile and Timur.

Education & Early Years Family social and political activist

received a classical Arabic education,

studying the Qur'an and Arabic linguistics, the basis for an understanding of the Qur'an, Hadith [1] and Fiqh [2]

mathematics, logic and philosophy

lost both his parents to an epidemic of the plague which hit Tunis, when he was 17 years old

In a typical Muslim family, follow family tradition is common, that is where he strove for a political career

And he life adventure begin, in which he spends time in prison, reaches the highest offices and falls again into exile.

[1] Hadith relating to the words and deeds of Prophet Muhammad.

[2] Fiqh is an expansion of Islamic law, complemented by the rulings of Islamic jurists to direct the lives of Muslim

His writing O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

His Adventure

continued education, social and political began

play an important role in the political leadership of Sevilla

Become a judge and held post in may courts of the Maghrib & Andalunisa (Spain)

one reasons why he have travel because he to find that scholar from that institution in order to fulfill his knowledge desire

The Community Structure, Norms and Development

Ibnu Khaldun

Muqaddimah What is Muqaddima?

Teaching is a Craft An important role in providing conceptual and

paradigmatic frameworks as well as an epistemological foundation of the study of human society.

THE MAGNUM OPUS "AL-MUQADDIMAH" This impressive document is a gist of his

wisdom and hard earned experience. use his political and first had knowledge of

the people of Maghrib to formulate many of his ideas.

discussion of Tribal societies and social forces would be the most interesting part of his thesis.

His theories of the science of Umran (sociology) are all pearls of wisdom

The Structure of Muqaddimah rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr ÞÇA t r I c

Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø

The Structure of Muqaddimah Chap 4 : Countries & cities and all forms sedentary

civilization. The conditions occuring there. Primary and secondary considerations in this connection

Chap 5 : On the various aspects of making a living, such as profit and the crafts. The conditions that occur in this connection. A number of problems are connected with this subject.

Chap 6 : The various kinds of sciences. The methods of instruction. The conditions that obtain in these condition

The Norms Sedentary cultural is the goal of civilisation.

The end of its life span and brings about it corruption

Cities that are the seats of royal authority fall into ruin when ruling dynasty crumbles and falls into ruin

Certain Cities have crafts that others lack

The Norms The existence of group feeling in cities and the

superiority of the inhabitants over others The dialects of the urban population

The Community Nomadic (al-’umran

al-badawi)

Sedentary societies (al-’umran al-hadari)

Relevance to Contemporary Sociology

Ibnu Khaldun and Auguste Comte Both emphasized a historical method & did not propose

statistical methods Both distinguished their sciences from what proceeded

them Both believed human nature in the same everywhere Both recognised the importance of social change

Nature of the Information Sources

Ibnu Khaldun

Orthodox & Philosophy Orthodox

Believe the ultimate truth about man and society must referred to the Quran, the prophetic tradition

(hadith) and (fiqih)

Philosophy Primary of rational

inquiry over revelation in both the theoretical & practical sciences

The Various Kinds of Intellectual Sciences

Logic Metaphysical &

Spiritual Matters Physics

Mathematical Sciences Geometry Arithmetic Music Astronomy

Conclusion & DiscussionWhat can we learnt

Ibnu Kaldun