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IBM & Linux
What is Open Source?
Closed Source: Code is in binary format that can only be read by computer.
Open source: Code is accessible and therefore modifiable.
IBM & Linux
History of Open Source
1971
Richar
d Sta
llman
em
brace
s
shar
ing s
oftwar
e co
de.
1975
Stallm
an le
ads
the
devel
opmen
t of
Emac
s te
xt e
diting s
oftwar
e
1984
Stallm
an p
osts
a ca
ll out t
o dev
eloper
s
to jo
in in
the
devel
opmen
t of G
NU
1991
GNU Gen
eral
Public
Lic
ense
cre
ated
1998
Term
“Open
Sourc
e” is
coin
ed
IBM & Linux
History of Linux
1991
Linus
Torval
ds st
arts
dev
elopm
ent
on an o
perat
ing s
yste
m
1992
Torval
ds in
tegra
tes
kern
el w
ith c
omponen
ts
from
the
GNU pro
ject
and li
cense
s OS.
1998
Linux
grows
to 1
.5 m
illio
n lines
of c
ode
(7.5
mill
ion u
sers
world
wide)
Oracl
e, C
ompute
r Ass
ociat
es a
nd Info
rmix
announce
Lin
ux su
pport
(July)
HP announce
s so
me
of thei
r inte
rnet
solu
tions
would s
upport Lin
ux
(October)
Mic
roso
ft docu
men
t sta
ting o
pen
sourc
e dev
elopm
ent a
nd Lin
ux
consi
dered
to b
e a
viab
le c
ompet
itive
thre
at
(November)
IBM & Linux
Linux Organization
1
1-3
200
1,000
15,000
Project Founder
Lieutenants
Core Developers
Associate Developers
Casual/Other Developers
Organization of the Linux Development Community as of 1998
IBM & Linux
IBM and Linux: Pros
Neutral platform, not owned by any other corporate entity
High growth and penetration in the PC and lower-end server markets
Equal to Windows in terms of reliability and speed
Free, but the code still needs to be supported
IBM & Linux
IBM and Linux: Cons
Long-term sustainability
Control of code
Awareness at IBM
Scope and enforceability of the GPL
IBM & Linux
IBM’s Options
Join the opponents of Linux
Adopt a neutral position like Dell
Support “free software” initiative, but stay distant from the communities
Seek an alliance with the Linux development community
“The vast majority of the Fortune 2,000 has Linux running somewhere - it's hard to keep it out, You can bring it in the door without any justification at all and experiment with it on an old piece of hardware. You don't have to build a business case ahead of time. If it doesn't work, you don't say anything about it at all. If it does, then you just present the working solution.”
“Linux came from [an arena of] simpler applications and highly technical staff.“
"[But] it is moving into [an arena of] complex, large applications with nontechnical staff, which will trigger a growing need for service and support.”
“As Linux becomes a viable platform for business applications, one key question for finance executives is whether a system praised for being free will exact a high price in the form of service and support. Computer geeks may be thrilled by the communal spirit of collaboration in the Linux world, but once a company has placed a crucial application, such as ERP (enterprise resource planning), on the Linux platform, decisions about how or whether to acquire adequate service and technical support become an important element of corporate risk management”
IBM & Linux
Strategic Fit for IBM
IBM operates as a federation of brands or sub-companies
IBM planned investment of $1 billion into Linux for 2000.
IBM views itself as selling enabling technologies to a broad audience. Linux was viewed as an opportunity to sell to a greater audience.
The company is taking the open source development model seriously.
Cultural awareness
“Linux-on-Intel appears likely to emerge as the dominant platform in corporate data centers…Linux has evolved into an enterprise-class operating system that will have a significant and lasting presence in the IT”
IBM & Linux
IBM Today
The following are specific actions IBM has taken to support Linux and promote its use:
• Research and development funding• Contributing software and talent to the open source movement• Establishing dedicated Linux advocates within product groups• Maintaining a large force of technical experts for Linux• Recruiting high-visibility customers for testimonials• Cultivating the community of analysts and journalists• Aggressively recruiting developers• Active participation in Linux-oriented events
IBM & Linux
IBM Today
Some Facts:
IBM Global Solutions Directory includes more than 4,200 Linux applications
IBM Global services division has more than 4000 professionals to support Linux
IBM’s Lotus notes, web-sphere and DB2 run on Linux
IBM & Linux
Moving Forward
What's next on the horizon for services for Linux for IBM global services?
A solid desktop Linux strategy , one that focuses on services
Embedded Linux devices will continue to grow
Growing grid computing offerings
IBM & Linux
NewsNational Institute of Smart Government and IBM India agree to pursue initiatives in the area of eGoveranance. For this they have signed an agreement on Linux support.
IBM & Linux
NewsBy the end of 2002, 22 percent of all software developers in North America and 23 percent internationally were to have written Linux applications.
51 percent of all North American software developers said they will absolutely or probably write Linux applications in 2003 (48 percent internationally).