I. I. The Musketeers of the The Musketeers of the GuardGuard

The Musketeers were a fighting company of the The Musketeers were a fighting company of the military branch of the Royal Household.military branch of the Royal Household.

They were created Louis XIV grandfather Henry IV They were created Louis XIV grandfather Henry IV who created a light cavalry furnished with who created a light cavalry furnished with muskets.muskets.

They fought in battle in both foot and horseback.They fought in battle in both foot and horseback. They formed the royal guard for the king while he They formed the royal guard for the king while he

was outside of the royal residenceswas outside of the royal residences..

*A second company was created for Cardinal *A second company was created for Cardinal

Richelieu and then was passed to Cardinal Richelieu and then was passed to Cardinal Mazarin who disbanded it in 1646.Mazarin who disbanded it in 1646.

*It reappeared in 1657 with 150 men.*It reappeared in 1657 with 150 men.*At Mazarin’s death it passed to Louis XIV.*At Mazarin’s death it passed to Louis XIV.*Two companies were created in 1664:*Two companies were created in 1664:1.1. ““Grey Musketeers”Grey Musketeers”2.2. ““Black Musketeers” Black Musketeers”

MusketeersMusketeers

The Musketeers became among the The Musketeers became among the most prestigious military groups most prestigious military groups reserved for nobles.reserved for nobles.

In 1776, the Musketeers were In 1776, the Musketeers were eliminated by Louis XVI (husband of eliminated by Louis XVI (husband of Marie Antoinette) for budgetary Marie Antoinette) for budgetary reasons.reasons.

Reformed in 1789.Reformed in 1789. Eliminated on January 1, 1816.Eliminated on January 1, 1816.

Clothing of the Time..Clothing of the Time..

Who was the Man in the Who was the Man in the Iron Mask?Iron Mask?

II. Problems in the FamilyII. Problems in the Family

The parents of Louis XIV was King The parents of Louis XIV was King Louis XIII and Queen Anne of Austria. Louis XIII and Queen Anne of Austria. They did not like each other. After They did not like each other. After 23 years, they had Louis in 1638 and 23 years, they had Louis in 1638 and had son Philippe, two years later.had son Philippe, two years later.

When Louis XIV was four, his father When Louis XIV was four, his father died from tuberculosis.died from tuberculosis.

Problems in the FamilyProblems in the Family

Philippe was treated like a step-child. Both Philippe was treated like a step-child. Both the cardinal and the king were afraid the cardinal and the king were afraid Philippe would outshine his brother.Philippe would outshine his brother.

Louis was forced to marry the King of Louis was forced to marry the King of Spain’s daughter, Maria Theresa, for Spain’s daughter, Maria Theresa, for political reasons.political reasons.

When Louis was 22 years old, the Cardinal When Louis was 22 years old, the Cardinal died and Louis was finally the sole ruler of died and Louis was finally the sole ruler of France. He held that position for 72 years, France. He held that position for 72 years, the longest ruler in French history.the longest ruler in French history.

III. The BastilleIII. The Bastille

*The Bastille was originally built as *The Bastille was originally built as part of the Paris defense in 1370-part of the Paris defense in 1370-1383.1383.

*It was converted to a prison in the *It was converted to a prison in the 1600’s by Charles VI of France.1600’s by Charles VI of France.

*The Bastille became best known as a *The Bastille became best known as a prison which held political prisoners prison which held political prisoners who could be held indefinitely.who could be held indefinitely.

The BastilleThe Bastille

Louis used the Bastille to hold Louis used the Bastille to hold prisoner he disliked.prisoner he disliked.

In 1698, King Louis ordered a In 1698, King Louis ordered a mysterious man to be imprisoned in mysterious man to be imprisoned in the Bastille.the Bastille.

The prisoner was kept a secret. He The prisoner was kept a secret. He was tall with white hair and wore an was tall with white hair and wore an iron mask (some say a velvet one).iron mask (some say a velvet one).

IV. A Mysterious PrisonerIV. A Mysterious Prisoner

When the prisoner arrived, he was When the prisoner arrived, he was provided furniture.provided furniture.

On November 19, 1703, this prisoner On November 19, 1703, this prisoner died, but rumors about his identify died, but rumors about his identify continued for many years.continued for many years.

During the imprisonment at Bastille, During the imprisonment at Bastille, there were two other masked there were two other masked prisoners.prisoners.

Why was he kept alive?Why was he kept alive?

V. More Problems in the FamilyV. More Problems in the Family

Louis XIII was not faithful and was rumored Louis XIII was not faithful and was rumored to have had children, one who may be the to have had children, one who may be the man in the mask.man in the mask.

Other believed Louis XIV was not really Other believed Louis XIV was not really Louis XIII son since it was widely know that Louis XIII son since it was widely know that they hated each other and didn’t have they hated each other and didn’t have children for 23 years.children for 23 years.

It was rumored the Queen was in love with It was rumored the Queen was in love with another man.another man.

VI. The Man in the Mask DiesVI. The Man in the Mask Dies

Etienne Du Junca, the man second in Etienne Du Junca, the man second in command in Bastille, said the prisoner command in Bastille, said the prisoner wore a black velvet mask, not an iron one. wore a black velvet mask, not an iron one. From his writing, historians believe the From his writing, historians believe the mask was not an extra punishment. Could mask was not an extra punishment. Could the mask have been to hide the prisoners the mask have been to hide the prisoners identity?identity?

He died under the name Marchioly and He died under the name Marchioly and was buried in an unmarked grave.was buried in an unmarked grave.