CHAPTER 13CHAPTER 13By Kevin L., Paul C., Pablo V.

WHO IS THE WHO IS THE JUSTJUST PERSON? PERSON?

Old TestamentOld Testament Righteous and Just are basically the same thingRighteous and Just are basically the same thing Just and Righteous= MosesJust and Righteous= Moses Moses was a righteous and just person because he carried the Moses was a righteous and just person because he carried the

burden of others, endangered his life for others and stood up burden of others, endangered his life for others and stood up for the voiceless and powerlessfor the voiceless and powerless

New TestamentNew Testament Just and Righteous= Jesus ChristJust and Righteous= Jesus Christ He took care of the poor, sick and overburdenedHe took care of the poor, sick and overburdened Model of how we are to live and for othersModel of how we are to live and for others According to Luke, he is known as the RIGHTEOUS ONEAccording to Luke, he is known as the RIGHTEOUS ONE

A just person is A just person is sensitive and faithfulsensitive and faithful to the demands of others. to the demands of others. Justice is about people relating their needs to others in terms Justice is about people relating their needs to others in terms of their dignity created and loved by GOD. of their dignity created and loved by GOD. We are EYES, We are EYES, HANDS, FEET, EARS of GODHANDS, FEET, EARS of GOD. We are called to bring justice into . We are called to bring justice into our relationships. our relationships.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF JUSTICEJUSTICE

The Eucharist, which celebrates the new covenant, continues The Eucharist, which celebrates the new covenant, continues to unite us with the to unite us with the “Just One”“Just One” and with one another. and with one another.

There are three types of There are three types of JUSTICE:JUSTICE:o Commutative JusticeCommutative Justiceo Legal JusticeLegal Justiceo Distributive JusticeDistributive Justice

Contractual relationships of one individual to another Contractual relationships of one individual to another individual (corporations are individuals)individual (corporations are individuals)

Relationships between you and corporations are subject to Relationships between you and corporations are subject to commutative justicecommutative justice

When you buy clothes from the clothes store it forms the When you buy clothes from the clothes store it forms the basis of your legal or contractual relationshipbasis of your legal or contractual relationship with the with the clothes store.clothes store.

It is important because agreements are based on trust and It is important because agreements are based on trust and confidence that all parties will respect the agreementconfidence that all parties will respect the agreement

If you shoplift, steal tools on the job, are late for work etc., If you shoplift, steal tools on the job, are late for work etc., you are violating commutative justice.you are violating commutative justice.

AKA Contributive JusticeAKA Contributive Justice Obey laws or suffer the consequencesObey laws or suffer the consequences Contribute in ways that benefit the good of society Contribute in ways that benefit the good of society

(Contribute-> Contributive Justice)(Contribute-> Contributive Justice) ““Ask not what your country can do for you– ask what you Ask not what your country can do for you– ask what you

can do for your country.” -JFKcan do for your country.” -JFK

Relationship of society or government to the individualRelationship of society or government to the individual Deals with non-economic/economic goods, unequal distribution, Deals with non-economic/economic goods, unequal distribution,

equalityequality Types of Goods:Types of Goods:

The good of citizenshipThe good of citizenship:: deals with the conditions of becoming a citizen; deals with the conditions of becoming a citizen; the rights of residents, strangers, immigrants, refuges and political the rights of residents, strangers, immigrants, refuges and political prisoners. Everyone is entitled to their rights and freedom of prisoners. Everyone is entitled to their rights and freedom of expression.expression.The good of security and public assistance (welfare):The good of security and public assistance (welfare): needs of those needs of those who have the right to assistance and help. Public health care, welfare who have the right to assistance and help. Public health care, welfare checks, helping the unemployed, protecting privacy.checks, helping the unemployed, protecting privacy.The economic good:The economic good: regulating area of money and merchandise. This regulating area of money and merchandise. This involved salaries and wages for work, the economic benefit of the stock involved salaries and wages for work, the economic benefit of the stock market and baking, the availability of consumer goods, the right to market and baking, the availability of consumer goods, the right to private property. People have value but not a price. Patenting life forms private property. People have value but not a price. Patenting life forms of plant seeds is wrong.of plant seeds is wrong.The goods of offices and positions:The goods of offices and positions: distribution based on qualifications distribution based on qualifications set by public procedures not on social status and wealth. Everyone set by public procedures not on social status and wealth. Everyone must be equal and not excluded or discriminated against on the basis must be equal and not excluded or discriminated against on the basis of gender, age, religionof gender, age, religion

SOCIAL JUSTICE and the SOCIAL JUSTICE and the CATHOLIC CHURCHCATHOLIC CHURCH

Church has sought to live within different forms of Church has sought to live within different forms of government and government and does not identify with any one type of does not identify with any one type of governmentgovernment (eg. The Church isn’t liberal, communist etc.) (eg. The Church isn’t liberal, communist etc.)

Catholic Church brings the Catholic Church brings the gospel perspective of justice to gospel perspective of justice to bear on all political and economic systemsbear on all political and economic systems. .

The Church’s teaching offers several bases for re-thinking The Church’s teaching offers several bases for re-thinking social questions in terms ofsocial questions in terms of JUSTICE. JUSTICE.

OWNERSHIP OF PROPERTYOWNERSHIP OF PROPERTY People need to have material goods to survive in today’s People need to have material goods to survive in today’s

worldworld Before, property and owning property were extensions of Before, property and owning property were extensions of

owning a bodyowning a body Church believes “the right to private property is valid and Church believes “the right to private property is valid and

necessary” but not an absolute rightnecessary” but not an absolute right Private property is seen as goods of creation and are to Private property is seen as goods of creation and are to

serve the needs of allserve the needs of all God created everything, so everything in this world is for allGod created everything, so everything in this world is for all

SOLIDARITYSOLIDARITY Solidarity is unity with and among people, based on Solidarity is unity with and among people, based on

common interests, values and principlescommon interests, values and principles Individuals work in society to benefit themselves but the Individuals work in society to benefit themselves but the

Church teaches to work for the Church teaches to work for the COMMON GOOD.COMMON GOOD. A virtue that binds us to one another in the distribution of A virtue that binds us to one another in the distribution of

wealth. Church tells us to help the poor as a communitywealth. Church tells us to help the poor as a community The US Bishops proposed three priorities:The US Bishops proposed three priorities:

Fulfilling Basic needs for the poorFulfilling Basic needs for the poor Increasing active participation in economic life by those who are presently excluded Increasing active participation in economic life by those who are presently excluded

or vulnerableor vulnerable Investment of wealth, talent, or human energy should be specially directed to Investment of wealth, talent, or human energy should be specially directed to

benefit those who are poor or economically insecure.benefit those who are poor or economically insecure.

PROPORTIONAL EQUALITYPROPORTIONAL EQUALITY Eg. Equality amonst job wage (Hockey player that earns Eg. Equality amonst job wage (Hockey player that earns

millions VS Single mother that earns minimum wage)millions VS Single mother that earns minimum wage) Four criteria that have been used to measure the just Four criteria that have been used to measure the just

distribution of economic goods:distribution of economic goods: NEED:NEED: Every human has the right to earn a decent living Every human has the right to earn a decent living JUST WAGE:JUST WAGE: A wage that allows one to fulfill the basic needs of human A wage that allows one to fulfill the basic needs of human

lifelife EFFORT AND SKILL REQUIRED:EFFORT AND SKILL REQUIRED: The more effort and skill required, the The more effort and skill required, the

higher the rewardshigher the rewards PRODUCTIVITY:PRODUCTIVITY: Higher level of productivity = Higher Salaries Higher level of productivity = Higher Salaries

TAXES are an example of distributive justice. Governments redistribute wealth within a society to provide services for the common good.

LANDOWNER AND THE LANDOWNER AND THE WORKERSWORKERS

Read parable on page 255Read parable on page 255 Lesson of the parable ? Lesson of the parable ? Our worth is not measured in by our wage. Our worth is not measured in by our wage. God’s mercy surpasses all human measure and is not to be God’s mercy surpasses all human measure and is not to be

equated with strict human justice. equated with strict human justice. Thomas Aquinas said “Justice without mercy cannot be Thomas Aquinas said “Justice without mercy cannot be

perfect virtue.”perfect virtue.”

LOVELOVE, , JUSTICEJUSTICE and the and the GOLDEN RULEGOLDEN RULE

The The Sermon on the MountSermon on the Mount gave us a greater understanding gave us a greater understanding of justice, teaching us to take a higher commitment in of justice, teaching us to take a higher commitment in Justice and points us toward another option in distributive Justice and points us toward another option in distributive justice: justice: The Golden RuleThe Golden Rule

The Golden Rule is the language of Justice:The Golden Rule is the language of Justice: Do to Others Do to Others what you would have them do to you.what you would have them do to you.

Love your enemies; lend, expect nothing in returnLove your enemies; lend, expect nothing in return Disinterested justice:Disinterested justice: I have no interest in what the other I have no interest in what the other

will give to me. I act only out of love and generosity.will give to me. I act only out of love and generosity.

LIVING CHRISTIAN JUSTICELIVING CHRISTIAN JUSTICE Douglas Roche (A Senator), Mary Jo Jeddy (Founder of a Douglas Roche (A Senator), Mary Jo Jeddy (Founder of a

Refugee house and author) & Dr. Rosalie Bertell (Grey Nun) Refugee house and author) & Dr. Rosalie Bertell (Grey Nun) were all were all motivated by Christian justice.motivated by Christian justice.

Douglas talks about Douglas talks about UNJUSTUNJUST terrorist attacks. terrorist attacks. Mary Jo talks about Mary Jo talks about UNJUSTUNJUST economy problem.economy problem. Dr. Bertell talks about Dr. Bertell talks about UNJUSTUNJUST acts against Jesus in his time. acts against Jesus in his time.