!"# I. The Abolitionist Movement

! A. The movement to end slavery ! B. This was a movement that included free blacks,

former slaves and northern whites. ! C. Movement started in the North. By 1807, every

state north of Maryland had banned slavery.

!"# D. Colonization of Liberia

!  1. The American Colonization Society formed in 1817. It advocated sending free Blacks and slaves to the West African country of Liberia.

!  2. By 1831, only 1,400 had migrated to Liberia. !  3. Idea was really unpopular among slaves and free

blacks. They didn’t consider themselves from Africa. They were all born in the US.

!"# E. William Lloyd Garrison

!  1. Published a anti-slavery newsletter called the Liberator.

!  2. Garrison and his supporters wanted a swift end to slavery.

!  3. Frederick Douglass worked with Garrison until their split in 1847.

!"# F. Sarah and Angelina Grimke

!  1. Quakers as a whole were a big part of the abolition movement. The Grimke’s published pamphlets.

!  2. They were controversial as most men did not want the participation of women in politics

!"# G. Underground Railroad

!  1. a network of escape routes that provided protection and transportation for slaves fleeing North to freedom.

!  2. Anywhere between 40,000-100,000 slaves escaped this way.

!  3. The most famous ‘conductor’ was Harriet Tubman. Tubman rescued more than 300 people. A reward of $40,000 was offered for her arrest. She was never caught.

!"!  4. River Route: From the West, one could travel north

up the Mississippi River and its tributaries !  5. Eastern Swamps: Traveling along the Atlantic coast

through swampy regions north toward Canada !  6. Mountain Route: The Appalachian mountains

provided cover for escapees !  7. Southern Ohio was a relatively safe place to escape

to. Southern Illinois was not. Canada was the safest place to go.