I. Revival of Indian Ocean Trading System

A. Indian Ocean TradeA. Indian Ocean Trade

1. Afro-Eurasian trade revived in the Indian Ocean due to collapse of Mongol overland trade routes in C. Asia

2. Indian Ocean trade items:

--precious metals & jewels--rare spices (ginger, cinnamon,

pepper, nutmeg, cloves)--horses--timber

3. Indian Ocean dhow in Arabian Sea

4. Chinese junk in Bay of Bengal & South China Sea

5. Indian Ocean trade decentralized & cooperative

6. Commercial interests created regional trade networks

7. E. Africa: goldArabia: horses, slavescoastal India: spices; received goods from east & westStrait of Malacca: meeting point between China-Indian Ocean

B. The Swahili Coast & Great B. The Swahili Coast & Great ZimbabweZimbabwe

1. Swahili Coast:

--1,800 miles long linking trade from Africa to Asia--cultural diffusion from India, Arabia, & China--spread of Islam--gold from inland state of Great Zimbabwe --creation of trade language: SwahiliSwahili (“shores”)

2. Great Zimbabwe (“house of stone”): 1250-1450 C.E.

--long distance trade mostly in gold--ecological crisis from overgrazing & deforestation

C. Arabia: Aden & the Red SeaC. Arabia: Aden & the Red Sea

1.city of AdenAden benefited from its geography

-- monsoon winds bought rainfall in Arabia

-- entrepôt port linking Egypt, E. Africa, & India

D. India: Gujarat & the D. India: Gujarat & the Malabar CoastMalabar Coast

1. Gujarat: prospered from trade of cotton & indigo

2. Muslim rulers expanded into Hindu states

3. Malabar Coast: spices

Gujarat

Strait of

Malaca

Aden

Swahili

Coast

E. The Rise of MalaccaE. The Rise of Malacca

1. Passage point to the S. China Sea

2. Allied with China

3. Malaccan conversion to Islam promoted trade

4. Meeting point for all Indian Ocean traders

II. Social & Cultural II. Social & Cultural Influences Influences

in the Indian Oceanin the Indian Ocean

A. Architectural A. Architectural Diffusion Diffusion

1. Local mosque building styles

--clay in Mali--Hindu-influenced in India--coral stone in Swahili Coast

2. Ethiopian Christian churches

B. Spread of ReligionsB. Spread of Religions

1. Spread of Islam throughout Indian Ocean region

2. Marriage spread Islam (up to 4 wives)

3. Islam pushed Buddhism out of India

4. CopticCoptic Christians Christians in Egypt

The spread of universal religions from 300-1500 CE

Buddhism

Hinduism

Islam

Christianity

C. Social & Gender EffectsC. Social & Gender Effects

1. Growth of slavery (Arab slave traders)

2. Mali exported slaves across the Sahara

3. Ethiopia sold slaves to Aden

4. Swahili Coast to India

5. Many female slaves sold as servants, entertainers, and concubines

CHANGE OVER TIME ESSAY

  Historical Background: Evidence of trade between cultures predates written records. Goods, people, and ideas have spread across the Afro-Eurasian land mass in varying amounts and regularity. A major change occurred between 100 BCE and 1000 CE which would usher in the Atlantic System and the modern global trading network.

Discuss change & continuities in the Afro-Eurasian trading systems, 100 BCE-1200 CE.

Pre-Write

Change1. 3 facts2. analysis sentence

Continuity1. 3 facts2. analysis sentence

Global Context 1. 3 facts2. analysis sentence