INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEMINTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

YOUR SKIN

FUNCTIONS OF THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Protects the body Helps dispose of waste materials Acts as a receptor for touch, pressure, pain, Temperature Regulation Stores water, fat and vitamin D

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LAYERS/REGIONS OF THE SKIN Epidermis: Most Superficial Dermis: Tough, Leathery Fibrous Connective

Tissue; Only Part Vascularized Subcutaneous(Hypodermis): Superficial

Fascia; Mostly Fat (Insulate & Absorb Shock); Anchors Skin to Underlying Structures

EPIDERMIS Outer layer of stratified squamous epithelial

tissue Avascular Complete regeneration every 35-45 days Thinner on scalp and armpit than on sole of

foot Cells of the epidermis

DERMIS This is the thick inner layer of skin Contains:1. blood vessels- When blood vessels constrict heat

is retained by the body/////// when blood vessels dilate heat is lost by the body

DERMIS ALSO CONTAINS

2. nerve fibers- feels pain, pressure3. Oil glands, & Sweat glands4.Melanin5. Hair roots

Contains:

Sebaceous glands keeps the hair follicles pliable , secrete oil to keep

skin and hair soft and moist

SEBACEOUS/OIL GLANDS

Location: all over the body except for palms & soles of feet

Secretion: sebum, oily substance Function: smooth & soften hair and skin;

slows water loss during dry weather

SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS

Sweat Glands: 2.5 million per person Cover entire skin surface except for

nipples and parts of external genitalia

ECCRINE SWEAT GLANDS

Most numerous Location: palms, soles of feet, forehead Secretion: sweat (99% water, salts,

nitrogenous wastes) Acidic pH 4 – 6 Purpose: temperature regulation Emotion induced sweating: no control

APOCRINE SWEAT GLANDS

Location: axillary, genital areas Size: larger than eccrine glands Secretions: same as eccrine PLUS fatty

deposits & protein Foul odor when fats & proteins decompose Begin to function at puberty

ACCESSORY ORGANS OF THE SKIN

Hair, Nails

NAILS

Keratinized/dead epidermal cells Grows under the lunula (white portion) of

nailbed Cells replace if nailbed is OK

HAIR

Hair: pili; made of keratin Shaft: projects from the skin Root: embedded in the skin; shape determines

whether hair is straight or curly Pigment depends on melanocytes located in the

follicle

Hair – Is everywhere on the body except Palms and soles Hair color is determined by the concentration of

melanin

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY CUT- Skin DERMA- skin EPI- around LIPO- fat MELAN-black CYAN- blue ONYCH-nail SUDOR—sweat HIDR- sweat ITIS-inflammation SEB- Sebaceous

SKIN ERUPTIONS

MACULES

MACULES

A macule is a flat discoloration that has a definite border. It can be brown, blue, red, or lighter than the surrounding skin.

PAPULES – RAISED AREAS, FIRM

Vesicles of poison ivy

PUSTULES,PUS FILLED

CRUSTS (SCABS)

WHEALS (HIVES)

SKIN ULCER

ACNE VULGARIS

ATHLETE’S FOOT

SKIN CANCER Most common type of

cancer and accounts for half of all new cancers in the western population.

Melanoma—Malignancy of the skin

Basal Cell Carcinoma lowest level cells become cancerous

Squamous Cell—type arising in squamous cell

SKIN CANCER

Skin Cancer is the single most common type of cancer in human. One in five Americans develop skin cancer at some point in their life. The cause of most skin cancer is not known, but the most important risk factor is overexposure to ultraviolet radiation in sunlight. 

TYPES OF SKIN CANCER

Skin Cancer

The two most common kinds of skin cancer are basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma

BASIL CELL CANCER

Untreated Invasive

SQUAMOUS CELL CANCER

SQUAMOUS CELL CANCER

DIFFERENT KINDS OF SKIN CANCER

DERMATITIS

ECZEMA

ECZEMA OF THE EYE LID

IMPETIGO

RINGWORM

WARTS

BURNS

FIRST DEGREE Redness, tenderness No blister SECOND DEGREE Into Dermis, blister, painful THIRD DEGREE Full thickness, often into the muscle,

RULE OF NINES

Way to figure the extent of a burn. The greater the area, the more problems you can anticipate

Problems include: respiratory difficulty infection temperature regulation fluid balance

SUNBURN

SECOND DEGREE BURN

THIRD DEGREE BURNS

ABNORMAL SKIN COLORS

CYANOSIS- bluish skin color due to low O2 levels

JAUNDICE- Yellow Skin color due to liver disease

ALBINO- Absence of all Melanin ERYTHEMA- Reddish color of skin