i can explain psychopharmacology describe properties, use, and side effects of: antipsychotic...
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I CANI CAN
• Explain psychopharmacology
• Describe properties, use, and side effects of: • Antipsychotic Medications• Anti-depressants• Anti-anxiety • stimulants
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
How Is the BiomedicalApproach Used to
Treat Mental Disorders?
Biomedical therapies seek to treat mental disorders by
1. changing the brain’s
chemistry with drugs, its
2. circuitry with surgery, or its 3. patterns of activity with
pulses of electricity or powerful magnetic fields
Psychopharmacology
The prescribed use of drugs to help treat symptoms of mental illness…
The psychological approach would use these to ensure that individuals are more receptive to talk
therapies.
Antipsychotic DrugsMedicines that diminish psychotic symptoms such as
agitation, delusions, or hallucinations. These include chlorpromazine, haloperidol, and clozapine
Diminish symptoms usually by their effect on dopamine pathways in the brain.
They may have side effects like..
Tardive dyskinesia blurred vision dizzinessdrowsinessdry mouthlight sensitivity
Tardive Dyskinesia
An incurable disorder of motor control resulting from long-term use of antipsychotic drugs
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Antidepressants and mood stabilizers
• Include Prozac, monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, and lithium carbonate (effective against bipolar disorder)
• Treat depression and bipolar disorder
• Usually affects serotonin and/or norepinephrine by increasing their reuptake or production
• May take weeks to get to therapeutic levels
PaxilZoloftLuvoxEffexorWellbutrin
Drugs used to treat depression usually fall in TWO types:
1. MAOs: monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Monoamine oxidase…inhibitors that block the activity of an enzyme that breaks down serotonin
2. SSRIs: selective serotonin reuptake initiators
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Dangerous side effects can include an increase in suicidal thoughts or actions, changes in appetite or sleep patterns, withdrawals if stopped unexpectedly etc…
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Anti-Anxiety Drugs• Include barbiturates and benzodiazepines• May include some antidepressant drugs
which work on certain anxiety disorders• Are intended to decrease extreme anxiety
and PAs by increasing the inhibitory effects of the neurotransmitter GABA
• These are heavy depressants which can cause fatigue and a disconnection from reality. CANNOT be taken with regularity or while trying to perform most tasks
• Should not be used to relieve ordinary anxieties of everyday life
• Should not be taken for more than a few days at a time
• Should not be combined with alcohol
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
StimulantsSuppress activity level in persons with
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Since 1991 prescriptions for all drugs to treat ADHD have quintupled. This year about six million children, will take Ritalin or other forms of methylphenidate.
Work by increasing the activity of the thalamus, thereby increasing the “filter” with which we focus.
Side effects include fatigue/”crash”, decrease in appetite, weight loss, etc…
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
CAN I?CAN I?
• Explain psychopharmacology
• Describe properties, use, and side effects of: • Antipsychotic Medications• Anti-depressants• Anti-anxiety • stimulants
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007