T11/23/10; T11/23/10; M 11/30/09;M 11/30/09; W 12/3/08; W 12/12/07; W12/6/06; Th 12/8/05; F W 12/3/08; W 12/12/07; W12/6/06; Th 12/8/05; F 12/17/0412/17/04

H-F12/1-2/11H-F12/1-2/11

Sectionalism Heats Up: Sectionalism Heats Up: Bleeding Kansas & Bleeding Kansas & Buchanan’s Buchanan’s TermTerm

(Ch. 14.3; pp. 393-403)(Ch. 14.3; pp. 393-403)

I. Bleeding KansasI. Bleeding KansasA. ExtremistsA. Extremists

MO move w/ guns MO move w/ guns ““Border Ruffians”Border Ruffians”

North move w/ North move w/ “Beecher’s Bibles”“Beecher’s Bibles” New England Emigrant Aid Co.New England Emigrant Aid Co. 2K move from NE2K move from NE

Midwesterners move – Why?Midwesterners move – Why? anti-slavery for anti-slavery for economic reasonseconomic reasons (not abolitionists) (not abolitionists)

A. Extremists A. Extremists (cont.)(cont.)

Sack of LawrenceSack of Lawrence no deaths, but destroyed property (proslavery)no deaths, but destroyed property (proslavery)

Pottawattomie MassacrePottawattomie Massacre 5 murdered 5 murdered – – John BrownJohn Brown (antislavery)(antislavery)

B. Two Governments B. Two Governments (cont.)(cont.)

Lecompton Const. – proslaveryLecompton Const. – proslavery – 1856 – 1856 Pierce initially backed LecomptonPierce initially backed Lecompton decision delayeddecision delayed until after Election of 1856 until after Election of 1856 later accepted by Buchanan b/c of free soil boycottlater accepted by Buchanan b/c of free soil boycott

Topeka Const. – antislaveryTopeka Const. – antislavery – 1855 – 1855

which gov’t is legitimate?which gov’t is legitimate?

II. Brooks Attack on SumnerII. Brooks Attack on Sumner

Charles SumnerCharles Sumner (R-MA) “Crimes Against KN”(R-MA) “Crimes Against KN” denounces proslavery violencedenounces proslavery violence mocksmocks Andrew ButlerAndrew Butler (SC) – old, drooling(SC) – old, drooling Rep. Preston BrooksRep. Preston Brooks (SC) attacks Sumner w/ cane(SC) attacks Sumner w/ cane

resigns but re-electedresigns but re-elected new canes sent [“hit him again”]new canes sent [“hit him again”] Sumner out for 3-1/2 yearsSumner out for 3-1/2 years – re-elected in – re-elected in

absentiaabsentia symbolic of growing conflictsymbolic of growing conflict greater split along sectional linesgreater split along sectional lines

III. Ostend Manifesto III. Ostend Manifesto (Oct. 1854)(Oct. 1854)

attempt to purchase Cuba by U.S. diplomatsattempt to purchase Cuba by U.S. diplomats sugar plantations – lots of slavessugar plantations – lots of slaves popular in Spopular in S leaked – discredited Pierceleaked – discredited Pierce appeared to be growing appeared to be growing slaveocracyslaveocracy

[How to prevent sectionalism?][How to prevent sectionalism?] [need leaders/laws to lessen sectional tensions][need leaders/laws to lessen sectional tensions]

IV. Election of 1856IV. Election of 1856

Dems – Buchanan (PA)Dems – Buchanan (PA) - little opinion on slavery - little opinion on slavery Reps – FrémontReps – Frémont – “Free speech, free press… – “Free speech, free press…

Frémont”Frémont” American (K-N) – FillmoreAmerican (K-N) – Fillmore 2 races – Dem vs. K-N in S.2 races – Dem vs. K-N in S.

- Dem vs. Rep in N.- Dem vs. Rep in N. Impact: 1. S might secede if Reps winImpact: 1. S might secede if Reps win

2. Dems need national (non-regional) 2. Dems need national (non-regional) candidatescandidates

3. Reps legitimate party3. Reps legitimate party

V. Dred Scott DecisionV. Dred Scott Decision

slave sues for freedomslave sues for freedom Taney:Taney: cannot sue, not a citizen cannot sue, not a citizen no blacks were citizens (even free blacks)no blacks were citizens (even free blacks) Slaves = property – can take anywhereSlaves = property – can take anywhere Mo. Compromise – unconst.Mo. Compromise – unconst. Congress cannot ban slavery – Who can?Congress cannot ban slavery – Who can? only states – not territories, not Congressonly states – not territories, not Congress b/c b/c 55thth Amend protects property Amend protects property rejected pop. sov.rejected pop. sov. N – growing slaveocracyN – growing slaveocracy

VII. Lincoln-Douglas DebatesVII. Lincoln-Douglas Debates

US Senate (IL) – 1858US Senate (IL) – 1858 series of 7 debates – national pressseries of 7 debates – national press Lincoln - “House Divided”Lincoln - “House Divided” Douglas & S: Lincoln as abolitionistDouglas & S: Lincoln as abolitionist free soil, not abolitionistfree soil, not abolitionist Freeport DoctrineFreeport Doctrine – traps Douglas– traps Douglas pop. sov. or Dred Scott?pop. sov. or Dred Scott? Douglas – pop. sov.Douglas – pop. sov. S. will not vote for DouglasS. will not vote for Douglas

VIII. Harper’s FerryVIII. Harper’s Ferry - 1859- 1859

federal arsenalfederal arsenal John BrownJohn Brown – abol. → slave revolt – abol. → slave revolt huge failurehuge failure trial, death → martyr to abol.trial, death → martyr to abol. split N.split N. – free soilers distance from JB – free soilers distance from JB renounce violencerenounce violence

S.S. – – JB symbolJB symbol of abol. & of abol. & ALL of NALL of N threaten secession, if antislavery Pres.threaten secession, if antislavery Pres.

IX. Election of 1860IX. Election of 1860A. CandidatesA. Candidates

Lincoln (Rep. – IL)Lincoln (Rep. – IL) slavery: Free Soil in West, protect slavery in Sslavery: Free Soil in West, protect slavery in S economic: protective tariff; internal economic: protective tariff; internal

improvements; homestead (imm.)improvements; homestead (imm.) Douglas (Dem – IL)Douglas (Dem – IL) pop. sov.pop. sov. John Breckenridge (Dem – KY)John Breckenridge (Dem – KY) protect & spread slavery; Dred Scottprotect & spread slavery; Dred Scott John Bell (Const Union – TN)John Bell (Const Union – TN) keep country togetherkeep country together

B. ResultsB. Results

2 elections: 2 elections: 1. Lincoln vs. Douglas in N1. Lincoln vs. Douglas in N 2. Breckenridge vs. Bell in S2. Breckenridge vs. Bell in S What happens when What happens when split in partysplit in party??

Lincoln winsLincoln wins

[analogy to Hillary/Obama split in 2008][analogy to Hillary/Obama split in 2008] [McCain would win – legitimate? ][McCain would win – legitimate? ] [Similar response by S in 1860][Similar response by S in 1860]

C. ImpactC. Impact

SC & 6 Deep S secede SC & 6 Deep S secede form CSAform CSA – Montgomery, AL – Montgomery, AL Jefferson Davis – Pres.Jefferson Davis – Pres. 2 Q’s:2 Q’s:

1. Lincoln’s Response 1. Lincoln’s Response 2. Upper South2. Upper South

Crittenden AmendmentCrittenden Amendment rejected by Lincoln (36-30 line)rejected by Lincoln (36-30 line) Lincoln would protect slavery in SLincoln would protect slavery in S

D. Civil WarD. Civil War

Ft. SumterFt. Sumter SC attacks – April 1861SC attacks – April 1861 Civil War beginsCivil War begins Lincoln raises troops – 75KLincoln raises troops – 75K Upper S secedes (VA, NC, TN, AR)Upper S secedes (VA, NC, TN, AR)