催眠科學 HYPNOSIS

CONTENT1. What is Hypnosis2. Common Myth about Hypnosis 3. Theoretical Background4. Controversies5. Hypnosis as a Clinical Tool

WHAT IS HYPNOSIS• Definition:Hypnosis is a procedure involving cognitive processes (like imagination)

in which a subject is guided by a hypnotist to respond to suggestions for changes in sensations, perceptions, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

• Key Components:A. Hypnotic InductionB. Hypnotic Suggestions

HYPNOTIC INDUCTION

• A process undertaken by a hypnotist to establish the state or conditions required for hypnosis to occur.

• Some hypnotists believe the purpose of the induction is to induce an altered state of consciousness.

• Others believe the induction is a social cue that prompts the subject to engage in hypnotic behaviors.

HYPNOTIC SUGGESTION• The modification of unconscious thought through hypnosis, which may be useful

for specific/simple phobias, but rarely for agoraphobia, social phobia, or anxiety and panic disorders.

• Types of Hypnotic Suggestions:A. Ideomotor Suggestions – experience a motor movement.B. Challenge Suggestions – subject is told he or she will not be able to do

some particular thing and then is asked to perform the prohibited behavior.C. Cognitive Suggestions – experience changes in sensations, perceptions,

thoughts or feelings.

SUGGESTIBILITY• Hypnotic suggestibility is the general tendency to respond to hypnotic

suggestions.• Measured with scales consisting of a hypnotic induction and a series of

behavioral test suggestions.• It is a trait-like, individual difference variable – a bell-shaped curve.• Suggestibility tends to be very stable over time – some researchers found

that scores taken 25 years apart were correlated at r = .71.• Chevreul Pendulum

COMMON MYTH ABOUT HYPNOSIS

• Some people can’t be hypnotized.• You can be hypnotized to do things against your will.• Under hypnosis you will always tell the truth and could even reveal

personal secrets.• I won't remember anything the hypnotist says.• A person can get stuck in a trance forever.• Intelligent people can’t be hypnotized.• A person under hypnosis is asleep or unconscious.• NONE OF ABOVE ARE TRUE

THEORIES OF HYPNOSISA. Psychoanalytic ApproachB. Neodissociation ApproachC. Socio-Cognitive ApproachD. Transpersonal Approach

CONTROVERSIES• The State ControversyPeople enter an altered state of consciousness during hypnosis

• The Trait ControversyIs there a trait that accounts for how much or how little people respond

to hypnosis

HYPNOSIS AS A CLINICAL TOOLA. Making direct suggestions for symptom reductionB. Using hypnosis as an adjunct to other forms of psychotherapy

Some clinical problem be solved• Acute and Chronic Pain• Phobias• Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Acute Stress Disorder• Performance Anxiety• Depression• Eating Disorders

REFERENCE• http://www.imdha.com/myths.php• http://www.ukhypnosis.com/2011/05/18/classical-psychoanalytic-theories-

of-hypnosis/

• Wikipedia• American Health Magazine• International Medical & Dental Hypnotherapy Association