Hydro – Small & Large

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Hydropower, Water Power, Hydroelectric Power

• Is a renewable energy source where power is derived from the energy of moving water from higher to lower elevations

• It is widely used to produce electricity, among other useful purposes

How It Works

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Classification of Hydropower

• By Size• By Head• By Purpose

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By Size

• Pico, < 0.005 MW• Micro, < 0.1 MW• Mini, < 1 MW• Small, 1 – 100 MW• Medium, > 100 MW• Large, > 500 MW

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By Head

• High head, 75m above• Medium head, 40 – 75m• Low head, 3 – 40m• Ultra low head, < 3m

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By Purpose

• Generation of electricity• Prevent/mitigate floods and droughts• Irrigation• Supply water • Improve conditions for navigation, fishing, tourism or leisure activities

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Types of Hydropower

• Reservoir / Storage• Run-of-River (RoR)• Pumped Storage

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Reservoir / Storage

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Types of Reservoir / Storage

• Valley dammed reservoirs• Bank-side reservoirs• Service reservoirs

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Valley dammed reservoirs

• Reservoirs that are located in narrow valley areas where tremendous amounts of water can be held in by the valley’s sides and a dam

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Bank-side reservoirs

• Reservoirs that are made by diverting water from local rivers or streams to an existing reservoir

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Service reservoirs

• Constructed to store water for later use

Run-of-River (RoR)

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Pumped Storage

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Advantages of Hydropower

• Clean• Renewable power source• Cheap• Water reservoir (Dams)• Flood control, irrigation and water supply (Dams)

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Disadvantages of Hydropower

• High Construction Cost• Environmental Damage• Drought• May lead to floods in low-lying areas• Relocation of people

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Hydropower Innovations

• Wave Power

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Hydropower Innovations

• Tidal Power

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Hydropower Innovations

• River Power

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Hydropower Innovations

• Fish Ladders

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References

• http://corporate.vattenfall.com/about-energy/renewable-energy-sources/hydro-power/how-it-works/

• https://www.hydropower.org/types-of-hydropower• http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/special-reports/srren/drafts/SRREN-FOD-

Ch05.pdf• http://www.wvic.com/Content/Facts_About_Hydropower.cfm• http://www.vallibel-hydro.com/power-learning/hydro-power-

generation.php• http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/10-

hydropower-innovations.htm#page=0• http://geography.about.com/od/waterandice/a/damsreservoirs.htm