TAMOL™ Dispersants Product Solutions Guide

Dow Coating Materials

TAMOL™ Salt Solids Use Level (on pigment) Benefits

Polyacid Dispersants

945 Na 45% 0.3 - 1.0%Excellent cost/performance balance. Excellent color acceptance with high reproducibility. Low odor. Low-foam generator.

1254 Na 35% 0.3 - 1.0%Broad formulating latitude and cost/performance balance. Low-foam. Good color acceptance and stability with active pigments.

851 Na 30% 0.6 - 1.0%High efficiency with low-foam generation. Excellent stability in paints containing ZnO and other reactive pigments.

901 NH4 30% 0.6 - 1.0%Low-foam generator. Excellent stability. Ammonia version of TAMOL™ 851 Dispersant.

963 NH4 35% 0.3 - 1.0% Low-cost, low-foam generator. Good water resistance.

Hydrophilic Copolymer Dispersants

1124 NH4 50% 0.5 - 1.0%High-gloss potential. Broad formulating latitude. Cost/performance balance. Low-foam generator.

SG-1 NH4 35% 0.7 - 1.0%High-gloss potential. Broad formulating latitude. Cost/performance balance. Low-foam generator.

Hydrophobic Copolymer Dispersants

165A NH4 21% 0.6 - 1.0%Excellent early blister resistance and wet adhesion. Good color acceptance. Good gloss development and corrosion resistance.

731A Na 25% 0.7 - 1.0%Excellent overall compatibility. Good pigment wetting. Highly efficient performance.

681 NH4 35% 1.0% - 5.0%Maximizes gloss potential. Good stability in paints containing ZnO and other reactive pigments. Good corrosion resistance.

2011 K 23% 1.0% - 5.0%Low-odor, solvent free* capability. Maximizes gloss potential. Good stability with ZnO. Good corrosion resistance.

2002 n/a 42% 1.0% - 5.0%Low pH to allow for neutralizer choice. Low-odor, solvent-free* capability. Maximizes gloss potential. Good stability with ZnO. Good corrosion resistance.

®™Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow © 2013 The Dow Chemical Company

Notice: No freedom from infringement of any patent owned by Dow or others is to be inferred. Because use conditions and applicable laws may differ from one location to another and may change with time, the Customer is responsible for determining whether products and the information in this document are appropriate for the Customer’s use and for ensuring that the Customer’s workplace and disposal practices are in compliance with applicable laws and other governmental enactments. The product shown in this literature may not be available for sale and/or available in all geographies where Dow is represented. The claims made may not have been approved for use in all countries. Dow assumes no obligation or liability for the information in this document. References to “Dow” or the “Company” mean the Dow legal entity selling the products to Customer unless otherwise expressly noted. NO WARRANTIES ARE GIVEN; ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE EXPRESSLY EXCLUDED.

TAMOL™ Solids**

Acid Homopolymers

1254/945 0.3% - 0.75%

851 0.6% - 1.0%

Hydrophilic Copolymers

1124 0.5% - 1.0%

Hydrophobic Copolymers

2011, 681, 2002 1.0% - 5.0%

731A/165A 0.75% - 1.5%

Dispersant Level Guidelines

** With TiO2 slurries, subtract 0.2% to 0.5%

* Manufactured without added solvent.

For more information, contact Dow Coating Materials US Toll Free 800-447-4369 dow.com/coatingmaterials

Form No. 884-00336-1013-NAR-EN-GS

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Polymeric DispersantsThe most prevalent dispersant molecules used are polymeric dispersants. There are two categories of polymeric dispersant: polyacid homopolymer and polyacid copolymer types. The polyacid copolymer category can be further broken into two sub-categories: hydrophilic and hydrophobic copolymers. The category of dispersant chosen depends on efficiency, rheology modifier compatibility, ZnO compatibility, and other film performance criteria expected for a particular formulation. Polymeric dispersant molecules tend to be lower in molecular weight, ranging from 1,000 to 20,000 daltons.

Getting More From Your Paint The goal of the dispersion phase in the paint making process is to mechanically separate pigment particles by high-shear and stabilize these pigment particles for optimum performance. Properly dispersing and stabilizing pigment particles will help improve the light scattering for better hide and a tighter, more durable coating. If not properly stabilized, the pigment particles in dispersion will re-agglomerate over time and thus provide lower gloss, poor hiding and reduced durability.

Dispersant molecules play an active role in this phase. The role of a dispersant molecule is to prevent re-agglomeration of dispersed pigment particles over time; this is key to developing a high-performance, durable coating for any surface you want to protect.

As-supplied pigment is agglomerated.

Grinding reduces agglomeration.

Grinding

Polyacid Homopolymer Dispersants Polyacid homopolymers are made by polymerizing acrylic, methacrylic, crotonic, or maleic acids together. These homopolymers are supplied in the neutralized form using either ammonium or alkali metal salts. Polyacid dispersants are the most efficient and cost effective of the polymeric dispersant categories, but not always the best choice for facilitating overall paint performance. Polyacid homopolymer dispersants are best paired with ASE, HASE, and cellulose ether rheology modifiers.

Polyacid Copolymer Dispersants Polyacid copolymers are a combination of hydrophilic or hydrophobic comonomers. These copolymer dispersants are typically supplied in the neutralized form using either ammonium or alkali metal salts. What these polymeric dispersants lack in efficiency, they make up for by enhancing overall film properties. Polyacid hydrophilic copolymers are recommended with the use of HASE/HEUR rheology modifier packages. Polyacid hydrophilic copolymers are the most versatile of the polymeric dispersants and balance efficiency and broad compatibility. Polyacid hydrophobic copolymer dispersants are most commonly recommended with HEUR rheology modifier packages. Hydrophobic copolymer polymeric dispersants sacrifice dispersant efficiency, but can impart other film properties such as improved gloss development, stain resistance, and/or water resistance (hydrophobicity).

TAMOL™ Dispersants keep particles separated over time.

Dispersant molecules provide stabilization of the particles by charge-charge repulsion as seen in Figure 1. The dispersant molecule surrounds the pigment particle and creates a charge layer that will repel other pigment particles, thus preventing re-agglomeration.

Figure 1: Coulombic Stabilization or charge-charge repulsion

TAMOL™ 2011TAMOL™ 2001TAMOL™ 681

TAMOL™ 731A TAMOL™ 165A

PolyAcid Hydrophilic Copolymer Hydrophobic Copolymer

Ultra-low VOC capable Yes Yes Variable*

Easy to Pour Yes Yes Variable*

Dispersant Efficiency • • • • • • •

Gloss Potential • • • • • •

Water Resistance • • • • • •

Stain Resistance • • • • • •

ZnO Stability • (exception TAMOL 851) • • • •

Cellulosic Thickener • • • • • • • • •

ASE/HASE Thickener • • • • • •

HEUR Thickener • • • • • •

- - -

-

- - - -

- -

- - -

- - - -

-

-

Pigment

+

+

+ + +

+ +

+ + +

+

+ + +

+

+

+ +

+

Pigment

The mechanical breakup and separation (deagglomeration) of pigment clusters

to isolated primary particles.

TAMOL™ Dispersant Benefits

Polyacid HomopolymerPolyacid Copolymer• Hydrophilic comonomer• Hydrophobic comonomer

CO O

CO O

CO O

CO O

CO O

CO O

R R

R R R CO O

CO O

CO O

CO O

CO O

CO O

CO O

CO O

CO O

CO O

CO O

TAMOL™ 851TAMOL™ 901TAMOL™ 960

TAMOL™ 1124TAMOL™ SG-1

Hydrophilic Hydrophobic

* TAMOL™ 681 Dispersant contains solvent and is higher in viscosity.

TAMOL™ 945TAMOL™ 1254TAMOL™ 963TAMOL™ 983

The TAMOL™ Family of dispersants includes both the polyacid homopolymer and polyacid copolymer types.

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pg 2 pg 3

Polymeric DispersantsThe most prevalent dispersant molecules used are polymeric dispersants. There are two categories of polymeric dispersant: polyacid homopolymer and polyacid copolymer types. The polyacid copolymer category can be further broken into two sub-categories: hydrophilic and hydrophobic copolymers. The category of dispersant chosen depends on efficiency, rheology modifier compatibility, ZnO compatibility, and other film performance criteria expected for a particular formulation. Polymeric dispersant molecules tend to be lower in molecular weight, ranging from 1,000 to 20,000 daltons.

Getting More From Your Paint The goal of the dispersion phase in the paint making process is to mechanically separate pigment particles by high-shear and stabilize these pigment particles for optimum performance. Properly dispersing and stabilizing pigment particles will help improve the light scattering for better hide and a tighter, more durable coating. If not properly stabilized, the pigment particles in dispersion will re-agglomerate over time and thus provide lower gloss, poor hiding and reduced durability.

Dispersant molecules play an active role in this phase. The role of a dispersant molecule is to prevent re-agglomeration of dispersed pigment particles over time; this is key to developing a high-performance, durable coating for any surface you want to protect.

As-supplied pigment is agglomerated.

Grinding reduces agglomeration.

Grinding

Polyacid Homopolymer Dispersants Polyacid homopolymers are made by polymerizing acrylic, methacrylic, crotonic, or maleic acids together. These homopolymers are supplied in the neutralized form using either ammonium or alkali metal salts. Polyacid dispersants are the most efficient and cost effective of the polymeric dispersant categories, but not always the best choice for facilitating overall paint performance. Polyacid homopolymer dispersants are best paired with ASE, HASE, and cellulose ether rheology modifiers.

Polyacid Copolymer Dispersants Polyacid copolymers are a combination of hydrophilic or hydrophobic comonomers. These copolymer dispersants are typically supplied in the neutralized form using either ammonium or alkali metal salts. What these polymeric dispersants lack in efficiency, they make up for by enhancing overall film properties. Polyacid hydrophilic copolymers are recommended with the use of HASE/HEUR rheology modifier packages. Polyacid hydrophilic copolymers are the most versatile of the polymeric dispersants and balance efficiency and broad compatibility. Polyacid hydrophobic copolymer dispersants are most commonly recommended with HEUR rheology modifier packages. Hydrophobic copolymer polymeric dispersants sacrifice dispersant efficiency, but can impart other film properties such as improved gloss development, stain resistance, and/or water resistance (hydrophobicity).

TAMOL™ Dispersants keep particles separated over time.

Dispersant molecules provide stabilization of the particles by charge-charge repulsion as seen in Figure 1. The dispersant molecule surrounds the pigment particle and creates a charge layer that will repel other pigment particles, thus preventing re-agglomeration.

Figure 1: Coulombic Stabilization or charge-charge repulsion

TAMOL™ 2011TAMOL™ 2001TAMOL™ 681

TAMOL™ 731A TAMOL™ 165A

PolyAcid Hydrophilic Copolymer Hydrophobic Copolymer

Ultra-low VOC capable Yes Yes Variable*

Easy to Pour Yes Yes Variable*

Dispersant Efficiency • • • • • • •

Gloss Potential • • • • • •

Water Resistance • • • • • •

Stain Resistance • • • • • •

ZnO Stability • (exception TAMOL 851) • • • •

Cellulosic Thickener • • • • • • • • •

ASE/HASE Thickener • • • • • •

HEUR Thickener • • • • • •

- - -

-

- - - -

- -

- - -

- - - -

-

-

Pigment

+

+

+ + +

+ +

+ + +

+

+ + +

+

+

+ +

+

Pigment

The mechanical breakup and separation (deagglomeration) of pigment clusters

to isolated primary particles.

TAMOL™ Dispersant Benefits

Polyacid HomopolymerPolyacid Copolymer• Hydrophilic comonomer• Hydrophobic comonomer

CO O

CO O

CO O

CO O

CO O

CO O

R R

R R R CO O

CO O

CO O

CO O

CO O

CO O

CO O

CO O

CO O

CO O

CO O

TAMOL™ 851TAMOL™ 901TAMOL™ 960

TAMOL™ 1124TAMOL™ SG-1

Hydrophilic Hydrophobic

* TAMOL™ 681 Dispersant contains solvent and is higher in viscosity.

TAMOL™ 945TAMOL™ 1254TAMOL™ 963TAMOL™ 983

The TAMOL™ Family of dispersants includes both the polyacid homopolymer and polyacid copolymer types.

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TAMOL™ Dispersants Product Solutions Guide

Dow Coating Materials

TAMOL™ Salt Solids Use Level (on pigment) Benefits

Polyacid Dispersants

945 Na 45% 0.3 - 1.0%Excellent cost/performance balance. Excellent color acceptance with high reproducibility. Low odor. Low-foam generator.

1254 Na 35% 0.3 - 1.0%Broad formulating latitude and cost/performance balance. Low-foam. Good color acceptance and stability with active pigments.

851 Na 30% 0.6 - 1.0%High efficiency with low-foam generation. Excellent stability in paints containing ZnO and other reactive pigments.

901 NH4 30% 0.6 - 1.0%Low-foam generator. Excellent stability. Ammonia version of TAMOL™ 851 Dispersant.

963 NH4 35% 0.3 - 1.0% Low-cost, low-foam generator. Good water resistance.

Hydrophilic Copolymer Dispersants

1124 NH4 50% 0.5 - 1.0%High-gloss potential. Broad formulating latitude. Cost/performance balance. Low-foam generator.

SG-1 NH4 35% 0.7 - 1.0%High-gloss potential. Broad formulating latitude. Cost/performance balance. Low-foam generator.

Hydrophobic Copolymer Dispersants

165A NH4 21% 0.6 - 1.0%Excellent early blister resistance and wet adhesion. Good color acceptance. Good gloss development and corrosion resistance.

731A Na 25% 0.7 - 1.0%Excellent overall compatibility. Good pigment wetting. Highly efficient performance.

681 NH4 35% 1.0% - 5.0%Maximizes gloss potential. Good stability in paints containing ZnO and other reactive pigments. Good corrosion resistance.

2011 K 27.5% 1.0% - 5.0%Low-odor, solvent free* capability. Maximizes gloss potential. Good stability with ZnO. Good corrosion resistance.

2002 n/a 42% 1.0% - 5.0%Low pH to allow for neutralizer choice. Low-odor, solvent-free* capability. Maximizes gloss potential. Good stability with ZnO. Good corrosion resistance.

®™Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow © 2013 The Dow Chemical Company

Notice: No freedom from infringement of any patent owned by Dow or others is to be inferred. Because use conditions and applicable laws may differ from one location to another and may change with time, the Customer is responsible for determining whether products and the information in this document are appropriate for the Customer’s use and for ensuring that the Customer’s workplace and disposal practices are in compliance with applicable laws and other governmental enactments. The product shown in this literature may not be available for sale and/or available in all geographies where Dow is represented. The claims made may not have been approved for use in all countries. Dow assumes no obligation or liability for the information in this document. References to “Dow” or the “Company” mean the Dow legal entity selling the products to Customer unless otherwise expressly noted. NO WARRANTIES ARE GIVEN; ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE EXPRESSLY EXCLUDED.

TAMOL™ Solids**

Acid Homopolymers

1254/945 0.3% - 0.75%

851 0.6% - 1.0%

Hydrophilic Copolymers

1124 0.5% - 1.0%

Hydrophobic Copolymers

2011, 681, 2002 1.0% - 5.0%

731A/165A 0.75% - 1.5%

Dispersant Level Guidelines

** With TiO2 slurries, subtract 0.2% to 0.5%

* Manufactured without added solvent.

For more information, contact Dow Coating Materials US Toll Free 800-447-4369 dow.com/coatingmaterials

Form No. 884-00336-1217-NAR-EN-GS-R1

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