hydrology of inland flooding

Hydrology of Inland Flooding Stream Gauges Hydrologic Forecast Process Forecast Considerations Forecast Hydrographs 3-1

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Hydrology of Inland Flooding. Stream Gauges Hydrologic Forecast Process Forecast Considerations Forecast Hydrographs. 3-1. Stream Gauges. Stream Gauges. Stream Gauges. Stream Gauges. Stream Gauges. Stream Gauges. Stream Gauges. Stream Gauges. Stream Gauges. Stream Gauges. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Hydrology of Inland Flooding

Stream Gauges Hydrologic Forecast Process Forecast Considerations Forecast Hydrographs

3-1

Stream Gauges

Stream Gauges

Stream Gauges

Stream Gauges

Stream Gauges

Stream Gauges

Stream Gauges

Stream Gauges

Stream Gauges

Stream Gauges

Stream Gauges

Manual gages (wire weight or staff)• Low cost• By definition, requires trained human

observer• Not usually available at night

Automated gages• Installation costs + Maintenance costs• Available 24/7

Hydrologic Forecast Process

Modeling how much rain gets into the river (Rainfall to Runoff)

Modeling how fast water gets to the river gage (Unit Hydrograph)

Modeling how fast upstream water arrives at the gage (Routing)

Translating water volume into water height (Rating)

Rainfall to Runoff Modeling

Rainfall to Runoff Modeling

Rain

T=0 hours

DIRECT

SURFACE

INTERFLOW

BASEFLOW

6 hours

12 hours

24 hours

18 hours

30 hours

Unit Hydrograph

6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 600

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000 North River at Palmyra, Missouri

Flow (cfs)

Time (Hours)

Routing

Time

Gage

Heig

Meramec River near Steelville, MO

Hickory Creek near Bluff City, IL

River Forecasts – How are they created?

Observed Precipitation

Future Precipitation

Soil ModelRainfall to Runoff

Local Basin

Rating CurveFlow to Stage

Unit HydrographRunoff to Flow

Upstream FlowUpstream River Gage

Basin Local Flow Total Flow(cfs)

ForecasterModification

ForecastTo Public

Forecast River Gage

Forecast Considerations

Ground State (How dry is it?) Past Model Performances Rainfall (Gage-based or Radar-based?) Rainfall Variability

• Space• Time

Rainfall Variability

Rainfall Variability

Rainfall Variability

Rainfall Variability

Rainfall Variability

Forecast Hydrographs

Model Hydrographs Forecast Hydrographs

Model Hydrograph

Summary

Which river gauge requires a stilling well?

A. Acoustic sonarB. Float typeC. Pressure transducer

Summary

What type of runoff causes the river to rise the quickest?

A. Direct runoffB. InterflowC. Baseflow

Summary

What hydrologic method takes basin-wide runoff and converts it to flow (discharge) over a period of time at the river gauge?

A. Rainfall to Runoff modelB. Unit HydrographC. Routing modelD. Rating curve

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