hydrological cycle 6 th grade. review: hydrological cycle (water cycle) what are the 3 major...
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Hydrological Cycle
6th Grade
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Review: Hydrological Cycle (Water Cycle)What are the 3 major components?
–1) Evaporation–2) Condensation–3) Precipitation
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EVAPORATION
• Changing from a liquid to a gas
• Molecules gain energy
• Ex. Letting your wet hair after a shower air dry = evaporation
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CONDENSATION
• Changing from a gas back to a liquid
• Molecules lose energy
• Ex. When you fog up a window by breathing on it, invisible water vapor in your breath is cooled by the window and forms drops of liquid water
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PRECIPITATION
• When water vapor condenses and becomes too heavy, liquid water falls to the ground– Ex. Rain
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Basic Hydrological Cycle
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Why does precipitation sometimes come down as snow instead of rain?
* When it is 32 degrees Fahrenheit or 0 degrees Celsius, when the water vapor turns to liquid, it freezes and falls as snow flakes
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What about sleet and hail? Why do they form sometimes instead of snow?
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dhr46zLnwbg
• Start at :37: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=69Y7c14pEFI
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Other parts of the Hydrological Cycle
• Surface runoff
• Subsurface runoff (groundwater)
• Transpiration
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Hydrological Cycle = more complex
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Surface Runoff
• Water from rain or snowmelt that flows on the Earth’s outer surface
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Subsurface Runoff: rain water that is absorbed into the ground
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Transpiration –when plants draw in water from the soil through their roots, water is given off through the leaves as water vapor
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Distribution of Water on Earth: What percent is salt (saline) water and what percent is fresh water?
• 97% = salt water– oceans
• 3% = fresh water– 75% of fresh water is frozen (glaciers)– Almost 25% is groundwater– Tiny fraction surface water
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Fresh Water Distribution
Fresh Water Distribution
GlaciersGround waterSurface Water
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Glaciers – 75% of fresh water (mostly at North and South poles)
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Groundwater –almost 25% of fresh water
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Surface water –streams, rivers, ponds, lakes = less than 1% of all fresh water