hydrogen: production, consumption, and future prospects · hydrogen production and consumption...
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Hydrogen: Production, Consumption, and Future Prospects
• Fossil fuel derivedhydrogen accounts for 96% of production today
• Primarily used for Ammoniaproduction via the Haberprocess
Hydrogen Production and Consumption
Source: IRENA (2018), Hydrogen from renewable power: Technology outlook for the energy transition,International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi.
INDUSTRY SECTOR KEY APPLICATIONSPERCENTAGE OF
GLOBAL H2
DEMANDHYDROGEN SOURCES
CHEMICAL• Ammonia• Polymers• Resins
REFINING• Hydrocracking• Hydrotreating
IRON & STEEL• Annealing• Blanketing gas• Forming gas
GENERAL INDUSTRY
• Semiconductor• Propellant fuel• Glass production• Hydrogenation of fats• Cooling of generators
Natural Gas
Oil
Coal
Electrolysis
Alkaline (ALK) Electrolyser
Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) Electrolyser
No noble metals are required, unlike
PEM systems
Simple balance of plant
• Enapter’s electrolyser is alreadywithin range of 2025 energy targets
• Output pressure currently at 35 bar
• Longest operational device has been in service for 10 years
• 10,000 hours clocked so far, with minimal efficiency losses/no significant degradation
Industrial Targets for Electrolysis
Source: IRENA (2018), Hydrogen from renewable power: Technology outlook for the energy transition,International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi.
On-site Green Hydrogen
unique
easy
cost-effective
• Round trip efficiency of a Hydrogenenergy vector increases nonlinearlyas FC/EL/EHC share mostcomponents
• Improvements in catalysts/membranes benefit eachtechnology simultaneously
Holy Trinity of the Hydrogen Economy
Electrolysis Electrochemical
Compression
Fuel Cells
Source: IRENA (2018), Hydrogen from renewable power: Technology outlook for the energy transition,International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi.
OERHER/HOR
ORRMembrane
Energy consumption by sector
█ Electricity
█ Electricity from Renewables
█ Industry, Heat, Transport
Why Hydrogen?
Sector Coupling
Green energy independence and security
2050 Hydrogen Council Goal:
“hydrogen to provide 20% of total energy by 2050 and cut carbon emissions by 6 bn tons”
Green hydrogen in the power sector
Residential, commercial, industrial storage (…)
Backup power for critical infrastructure (Japan)
Telecommunication towers (Egypt, Malaysia)
Rural and offgrid electrification (Uganda)
Power-to-Gas projects
We recently piloted a residential district heating system powered by hydrogen together with DNVGL in a Dutch village
Green hydrogen in the heating sector
Nitrogen purification in Portugal
Float glass manufacturing in India
Green hydrogen for industrial use
Our customers use green hydrogen in refueling stations for personal vehicles, drones, snow-mobiles….
Green hydrogen in the mobility sector
• Hydrogen is a viable fuel for high utility, long range transport
• Potential to decarbonize aviation, shipping, and public transportation
• Only as green as the mode of Hydrogenproduction
Hydrogen in Mobility
Source: Eberle, Dr. Ulrich, and Dr. Rittmar Von Helmolt. “Sustainable Transportation Based on Electric Vehicle Concepts: a Brief Overview.” Energy & Environmental Science, vol. 3, no. 6, 2010, p.689., doi:10.1039/c001674h
Fuel Cell
Drive Cycle
Du
ty C
ycle
Stop and go Continuous
Light Load
High Load
E-REV
BEV
City Intra-urban Highway-cycle Highway
Pisa, Italy
Berlin, Germany
Chiang Mai, Thailand
Offices
St Petersburg, Russia
Team of 60 with experts in Electrochemistry and IT
Our company core is R&D – continuously developing the state of the art. And we are growing fast…
Jules Verne – The Mysterious Island, 1874
“Yes, my friends, I believe that water will one day be employed as fuel, that hydrogen and oxygen which constitute it...will furnish an inexhaustible source of heat and light, of an intensity of which coal is not capable...Water will be the coal of the future.”
