HYDRAULICS BRANCH ' OFFICIAL FILE COPY

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cl` WHEN BORROWED RETURN PRO::PTLY

40~

in : ,MAL.-: t .

4"10" at ftm tunIftu onOObanual irrisktier, system

sath " rav in use In titftnmt pm*t* of Us vorIA am old. Conclusiorw

roes tbo " t4wt ate t *set iseal yugpinwants 4" not dmim.

Newervor) by dire0lag attention to tbo d itfw*nt oolwtiae e s pub" sew

yistieft rrm cerrost Prectiow is lua . BY Iff"SmUns the WAY 4*61 ,

t appears POW01 to UVIse Y" etPPV* k

F .00 .fit

fit# MOulftl Operaticn of on irrigation w top* an adows;t i'

Ocatrol. VA V 1, or flo". *It rw jAwie is this swo iupert*At than at

Us rom tWPOWAt, It 10 aka this Psi" 16WO is 1"U :• dW User WA t

"OVStaW* 1000t. On O' Irriottion *yWbM, tae largest mabor of structures of

any a tnt we the, Aww tax tae. lhw* a ~ 70 jO00 on Iao4w a*rv*4 by

w b"kt by t* of ftelseetion ate, t w 35*MO are to be fow-A

artructurm v* aE Var 1 avmW Oowt of amt $ 00. tai tee on *wwls to the

Pun,~*b v%Wton of India fttl~ neMberot ~ iw 1950 *ad eel

sirtao Vwt t1m.

Such Vitae shw1A Wkiost o Vw ftportwwo of these structures

ftwl:-A iattaeaUsa ft Vw m"* of z tralli Wiring f

t %bow.

of the Interior, Denver, Colorado.

g*ie atioa of a etastra " mwizulr4 derrloo bost M coadS,Cle, w at tbo sit*.

Low l In beed.4 eeauaW of InstaUstion Ladd, maintoomwe, r*W of disabarips

to het be*", leper z*WIrwwa ; *ad awy otber favtors wake Us selee»tim

diftimIt .

is ~' '1t * ~-. ► ~:1' `Y a 'Si -.

A revIw of som of the Soneral oagmts of i"i&*U" systftw is

holptul to fully *rpvc3s aud uMerrtwA the Vm*1 ws tamiated with control

Good dAw1 Vx *A Irrigstrloa x~ftt4a is b*wA primarily an g

7aximin use of fte v*tw rescues availa'k U. In jp*n*I j Ue LavA arm Addh

zim~y be IrriSwWd to etstabllabrd. by Us NwAnt of V44h Vater rMesawriet. By

In tb* dea4p of the i; tew the Vii" of vat4w to 'po *Owft is

based an the ea*&V to be ser . A weir of raiaft 1, *oil tY s

~~ " *

Notbod of D,itar'ibut on of the

To w&w to mks tbt best use of this vat*r la tba sir %b e

d"IWW eft *M*l r h it it to be distributed. Ooo of the fallowIM

ftuticm or itAOMittent f1w

3. DomwA deliveries

r 4. 300 ocabi4ation of theme 31 rtbods

Za sore irrigation s ystaarr dssi ed for: esaatin uous flow, aeueeh irrigator

to supplied his share of vat er In is continums sty. ftis ra salts la large

.lard owner* rooslying largo flew* wA small ass small flows. To mossw*

the dolly ar»y at ouch UxrrAut, d*vi*** in the system tem d narceetsarEr{ ly vary in

situ f"M nits Small to largo. C oartrol would be a fsatoar of ` ass Isport..

The rotation or intorsi host flow ooten is weed an e3elrl i i each

fro a fixed me au-at of water at Ae fi nits i ntarrvals . fteraw roowrvoiro are .

aee *osury to sake the voter avalloblo gmA pe malt dell .*ry at darfialto intervals

during the irrigating Win. ftotems Aerlr+ing tb*ir soom of water from

sormal strow flew must mWo 4el.i.veriars at the tines tree water is avoilla bl e. A

more twwi.y stAane#srdi z*d six* of maeouring device **A be used urAer this

syst4m. Ix a mw lastonfts , ae saying is the mmftr of wing 4evicrs *o ld

" ai.t.

dMwA delivery syeetam is designed to sake water available at all

t w farad tur* is on *all or da*&d by Ww farmer. It to aertataly the met

+e0nv04iont WA MWv)osiC41 ft em tie ors' st L-Amint.. If adequMte stomp

acid ample csnw*ywcae i ar* vwvidiod, orA if ttem is sufficiont control

of flows to &void wastage ado roato or ofd' the *rA of the than the

4*11vss 1** can be awA* on & oall or reqjest by tie teximor.

This syst x of delivery is not a"pta lo tee seats Operating fsram

surf runoff. In this QWW, %U* at%+AW veat be seam eat *zed in tlae eaaextntae

&v"W,14, Mad e:arxu" be, supplied to meet the dawwwAs of IrAivi&uLls. Measuring

doi l e:eeee aeon be stondorAlmA oveowbat under this systes. patrol. Is of major

irrportan".

Some irrigsti on xoj ects operate with & embinatiou of the Oow

vl systems. birlog period* of high aommn*1 rwWff, the main Convoy" o** arse

asu 2'y Oporsted to OaAC#ty ~"V.d*d the demaza exists s tbeeft are 1#pa

rivets to they water. At swh tea at issist a wtor ;,wtiavi of tbo f9eerseetm

desiring tse►Ur mn be *arm&. Awn stmego reserves asp brei.eg drown upon, the

wo-4 et aw "Voto on roution or 4*WA-

Otber at9abIn ti+na of amoom of a 1stributi on may be uwA. CombinationM

of d#stributten metes *am sd" l w in eont of

q!psraft fame Vater

'ale ZANWOM saMda AW rater supplied from gore i7r''riaetiont systm Vo r y

*oasi6orObly tbx cue mt tbo w 1A. Remover, tbwe m tree, in own %1, four" metsw

ios, into shish ter Wearfty ^s1U fell.

%a first systes is a 1ary bead of ter mto of Bract. This per-•

sitatss a rat* of flow ee— ra t wA *A*qw%;t* rom, ds. A secorA brmd bewi s

for ebargoo, is on a volume basis. This method waessitstene a volumetri.e t;vT*

of measuring d eview or a rat e of flow det'i .** *o0birod wit a moord of t

rfiab deliveries are noire meta" is s shorie bocce& on the

SOMOMP Of OMPS VAtur . n10 MUO wry le! VAMM4 Mite tba eraiee 6r*Vn. d+ateb

Items &0 tht 000=t Of W*tegr` r*G** leef tO W9400 a tllrt4ki e. CM; # tb* 000004

'even meot water IS * sssssac y fsr t OM Vl ltetr Or VaINOW 3 the value of the

crerp elLA Oelet utati vo *eat of irrl pMon ftram wells or o a all enter

tbo fonw e f At t1w dbaroo to dori.r". Noesurom en'ts of flog as a bowls

for ad s ors, not aseessi under +Ais systen beet odoquate eontrol milet be

sxeercised to fnsuw s iteeblee AistribuEtion.

The fourth method Is * Wargo based an soch irriowtien for a glmm

w". In elissum Awre Irrigation is not *frssary at *11 times for the

wee tl grow* of oroops or in 14eaUeas Am the saw em, Is. gramm In lee r

LJ

year,ar"S year after ales fixed *b&vl R is rosslulw. This systsm is vNketined

extensively in rive prodaoir4 sue.

Inmany all " of do w4w1d, thorw is , aw Ulr spw*V4, a larSo

*r@wA aat1o* to control the srrd aisl vor-~ of thie, wad, to vsgOAts

the -flows " to ;coo; rateords -*c*s*&r7 for mss.

In Baas of Indian tb*ro to go , no swwnual oontrol on the ?am

touts. The UsIgn is vueh #mat they vwft asstit<ea lly OrA tontinuously.

In the Pun. ab sma, t lAttr a aa.Yetiemw, 46 W 'maw apt mexion *ar aastty of

from " to 400 sOO&A-foet, wz* so daaatel d +.bet sioearsaaaraAl *goal -o r r &tlation

is mt woo ssar r at aaNn,~ mint in tbo eye a pt at t turn fist from for sain

saaml. fts internal di strl'bation of v*t*r woong the verism ttu.Ttivmt+naro on tb*

laUralo is #owmlly iuwa%gpd, by t eut.ti. *tom t aarsui aazA the ';v,,vrrAlrrtt,

vtt9.oh a aer*t*a the owa*U aE kowpa so revords of tho farm deet; °1wDte i elasee6.

ftem "erojolrt disoaxica it sky r sow that tbo *-j srlatton of

an I rari.gsatl on sy*toa a culA be, a iarl fted *A aiaow of t ;wv4lws of eontxof i'

grad aaMra<aaeatring tb* vat+eerr deli wctrod to +A* evAsusers omli b# sot.~vd if omw

reli*bl* a<aoww woo <avaaltaa'ble to eut ti !tel ,y dell m r ar► fixed, - roUtArArii-ned

disetwmgm, to oisch corwworar un4or tbo *ye tom. TWehuxl tsato b*v* been strivi

for may ,eaaars to diov,190 such a 4ioviusee. 91 of the ems offored, bave uservrr

ou'tpown tlaro j apor ae + A4* 4 Otbors ha v* gin v oUdAwe in actual ;r"Usalt or

haavo bo*n di.scardoi 'b+rttcaus* of tbotr complo3tity s taU!xt'^a 1iO3,3AtY. moire a".

boa err ~ some methods of 'trrll ating . tbo problem vbieh have awt with s ca ►sa.

0

5

s 0004ral Sdums

J* the .,--pow of this "seas"on, WOUPWis'd drre AMM at tbo form

its we divl4ed iato six brcwA fuvArtiwal +eelassitie st ema. No t1oar .lis>aeae

con be drava bstw*4 UOres seels*tod aiasaii` .actions, &A scemee ssweaplss given

*vo rlitp into *Vwr catoprisa,

rho Oft general alaseri.tiaatiseas AM t (1) trees devices, kwVU as

a > s, vbidb x3.0 witUmUctally dial.i.ver a sonstant, or constant, dim -

#Mrs* a a "w4p of ahaasa of both , upstrown ao d ew voter lirwrls 1

(P) tbaso 4*KeM,w tnom as lob wMawtowAUse,11y 4rliver a

sovatext, or near etant, Use ever a rwM* of --not Levels s but in

erletah tho disshetrip v%U very with 4ps is the upeetaeoeNa Mier ;newel.. (3)

tl eoo Aevicas whith provide an *Wltable distritmtisn of flow wisr a r&Np of

fl.acuatie to of ulsVwMM water owl** levels (thaw A*vicam we Ownerally

eweatwdess): (4) tbow fees deesiSMA to aeat eeetioan "lid ie rie"tant

"ssbee w Awn ";*reetsd In Sonjunction with swalucry a ipereent to 'control the

level SAdt sM sr a nab &t tsi, WitAin 11MIUs. by ~CMNPs in

deerreerr Lavoie x (5) tie star es sit. w&ipwnt is wmw&1 sere in the

Ualtoi States vhlcb give a rwW of diodbarps * speadi g on uvotrosm

which say require saxillary wwww of manual +eontml;

( 6) thm* davf*es whi ek servo am ewtareel:s, but vh1c h totalI zee tbo

4is4bsrjp, ear a v1dee reap of f1w4s mint tbm, " t ws pravids

an * table best* for Obaarges.

It Is wt the intent of tie WAbW to attempt an explw-Ation Of the

*vwt 4osi4p ark oporaticrz of tbs :a i,ew 4ovi.c os sontisnod or to arv* the

=A7 adlrra a s ? dis"seeaxteiews, sr iAmollAo ~ i0ints, Of ma . The

islassiflowtion has beft OW10 on a fumt1anal basis amt it is assumed that if

f-

*be dovieso str uetsm , or coobi tion Instollation Is dream, goestr tod,

rail "rated as iatwrAed . the ft-Otion will i''etM310A.

ire 1xWkj,3. elt A co-sUtuto rely a very allier lion of all twWo

d+rr"I*V" W VMW**t 1. Th*ro eeaV USAY moo" *-hrMA&Mt the WOr1A and,

~; Oly ems,. at tbeft not mentioned, we Were Popaw .

As rreAvAsly stateet, a 4*v,4. tr lsk wruaU mtmerrttoall;, doll,*r tbo

desired mmantity of flow to the fars reautim s of f"lnetr iot" of water vir-

i`#Am in ' r osawyanot svretsea or in the fr et ditch would eemm enti.mily "IV* taws

wiWas of col sad m e asaameont at the fam turxeout ,

of ter WA iarariMmism uotw*rts of the w*rl4 rrate on aireet

flow free the St,"WO ~~ b ersefit of ~zal stOrW. Wxk. of the"

eystaw sar++g Vi

toy,o~x lv e. So"

orp erati+on aw4 con Ooro'b .+e fluctuation in

vatio r ~y

+

y~-~+~

,

y,la +Rio ~ ).y~ y~*

,,, . ~,air

n

,y,~eri

o hi ~~ y~,,,nof ,yh }~s

be "*rated to ~A, Y;f ; #Jii. se he ~ flow i , the ~Lities

avallable for diversion boaaw 1WUA twA tie *wwl lolls fall. Tn t3a*oe

are" mmh vwk i be dow 'tom evolving a turnowt 'peat vmd awt these

S. I. ftbbO ang W. D. IuMamtl to their 'beek wIreriptti o Outlets ts.1

trOAM the 371story of evolution varims tnos twWwtsanUO Owals of

the i',xJ&b In Ids► and %kistam. OrorMAso of oft* of tJe bor a coos]. s

in thio OVM bOPA ObOrt? 4 after IUO. The aaU01% 4of4 - rt the SO&I "a

d evies which will +*liter o f4.**4 qwmtity of water autmatica.Uy reaudiess

of flactaeatims of 1*,#vl.s of voter space, within limits, In the ee ml. err in

Skt14m Outlets d. I t Mhah MA !4'. D. auuwti (rovise d rem OraAr"d by 'N. D. ib*ti ), *tm low & Sam r Koebmwo A+.* , Dow. Ida, lam.

0

aweT su moft *"TA *m =,w z 't ota us" ` 0OUT.0 v0 "*

Ts" *Uj jtt*TA*,,. ,4 os *WT * 4; taw *1

saaasap O~ 0,.

41) Vw op,uwl som u't i t oauj"** Aftok U,; *Oft vu* l

VAU *4tm"u If*R4-ft *VJU *"z"OTO `410" WrOw

uowdluj4wt OV * Sroo l ft spm,* oq4 Est 0% Vm •oesoau

VOWr *AM OWXWK UOTVO gyp, *04U VAW.xc w

SW4W jj q!:~ `rte Ael V `IT*% m4 !~v

XwtAo ,w *p ~ jd ~wru; uw %pnwq,4 Vol f Y 4*qv^ wA -1 "rl lwtMmk tq'gji.'

OR* S "*j.VWI *4 "R '0TH `MIZ

"* am* -am al*"TA" qa" J* Aoq * To AMQ `U"t r

6

*VW .t"*A WS*r4, V& U$ *V0T'4VTftA " PSTV JO 0'4 O tit; '~**JJU

s-. ♦". . w t s a a . - e. . * ► r,. sx+r' a ,

JO ' (M "41 *"f t* "W" n*^ $T" 40 Aft" "" "% "R4~$*

'-~Is':~I uz padOT@nap sere aOTA@p szuj 3-44IM"TV J*

I Al

u x T YM1l~Z "~ .+F iR' t'!~Vlr7R4+4 TiIF 014 . T*!4VTW jMftT4`~

, A;*V" vwmj " m ow*

ado'T* pm *a;fit Wtm 0% U11W ** *00, T';*W$*T4*

Sick a rise Is Uearotleally batttr tbarwn am wMak is se witias to

varistiazas In both *psi 4vA 4ownstrtea v*tsr lare'a+elo.

Starting with a twr.,mt dating s3wwwl:l.N of a out, and later a

bas"I laming tbirou4b the oexal bay, both of which v+a o sab_ eet to *boqswr

In if.sdWWV Wilk Amon is bo t ups ark. &wuArew levol w, the next

s vwU vorwAIy be to *vol v* a deviow of tAe oewwr3aaaww a o type.

In awry Arta of the r arU, interf -tas wiU the turrs wit bN tbo water

user iag to placing *be**, *tstum, ortfiawwee, wtdk siaww'r lar struat ww#e at the

O"Or of #o Uarrnaxts to raise► tbwe water *urftee to a 3:evel vb sh

vmld be above Ow rrwww►sSma 1"I in %ba 4oUvwy *bsma 1. Tb awe, tteu turnout

voulA be affected by epw*'tf onal 4beaps wAo Uy tbo water use".

in Via ftnio the r y -ftO"x XWOVed irririAatl an Outlet, Pip"

„ vas devol*yedsM ano sueb tygwt of ftvice. A fixwA arost areir . mains t1w

level at Us wend. of the twwout a t-e tbo -ww4xiirlwwnwwe urto r^ level In the fam

403.3Vft7. In cwt *am wear the !'2.m tyke of turnout Was aoditiod by

ping a root 'block In the flume, mm S. to mwe the f1w to pass thw

nri.tical. +depth a; tb" not reflect ahw►nges , vithln limits, in to inato swrwrrw

lads.

Owei,rs y1ae" In the *anvwtyvww Gow P em 11am the turmt, are us"

in tiwo meted ates~ +w o rwt inel%W" in this clasolflootiee. AAlthouat tbo

Vois 60" PO ~ in the downstraw levels from affectiV4 the flow

tbrso* tbo ftmout, proviftag Uwaw► voir Is not ra 4,mWVA • tbo vair struAuro

is warly *Iva" sepwwrato ftm +A w turnut staruetwoa " Vrwwt amtrol r4WAinS

at the tuarar"At #%to.

w t of wing dovia t is so d"ice Oat *U lo"itw In Ow

to trol taviow at *tab ind vift#61 tttroxsut for owimUe mvdatfA h

V&t r 10 414t but in tr qWkattty * l* . t t b"l# of I

a rig+t►t lOW otbW emu, *Wits l* d otritUtltn of the *val1atlo

md* at be" of +A* lstoml " #Wiub o dit itati t a this

um turnoft of tho tyto sbWn 'eta fib C **rve Uls owAition

rti` Ct "0 " $~prftUlb .* 46pt. Naa'r l ar"I 'tom 'afro to ttR1" o

*Wlw pA Us,* bo" U . ,

tri'bution of nW*, tr"-ft"S 64*44Y A3VUW tbo fUff into t o UsSx

is t *we Wo rti"s the tei divi.ttiam of Ai**bw*Vf They my b*

rigid 4w vwi*b . Fib " o, In an WA IrriSation sysUm near

flgrratoah, Mor ". ltitt *tm-iture sioo oarvos t pa"p"o of aiwing to

dil "p whi.ck 10 abovo CrItioal v loai'ty, i'l'k' d. v*r#tl . iato the turnmt.

v1 sw t1# 1 its 7**m r to umA j ft 3. divl i r4 "blado Is tl~l# ttttta +2ir

u

wA ftl1bratl vis bwm b m ameda as that ttse f2w my be x*vrw .ee bwtwmn

the t *Mnm1s in vwyl% its. ftee retamlmrd netting t`xear abarawls an

fairly nAt ;gwreWeents is Illustrated in this ti gm". ftren tel: aloe-ewes are

reewaor tNwe<r+eol, Us Ming is u.ii. tl diff er*nt .

Tz emw v of tl ee7.ei irriattio n systwm is in the United ot.at * "41vi-

sign bow" were used.. leweso were Memmlly ommstruatod of wood. bkoy of

tbM wrrerrer of fiAd WOPOWtAOM. t " Of eweti`ust+wlWbX* AIVI PaW is AbAWft in

Yl gam 9. 'iM s pertlaular st *wee , as well rww.rc w*A%,,,v other* of eel.u.3,ar " r »Ρ

tions, was aalibratod for floe aver esexeeeeee ►t at diffew tnt mottings aver a rar4p

The desisw of is tarrovAt which will. deliver a fixod qmntity of v&ter

and rw t be sub,'Act to veriations of ts;otr m eel 4evuwwtrewwm water .leervol* may

taea!eauwe v** eleawrrq licww*t*d as indl a atod 'bw thre oxemplsrs e~it4A. Su*h deevie ws may

also bo sub;eeart to *;*ratie al. sli ttultirwa. '.rt a eefftats of changes in down..

+ertrsm water lavol.s mz be, rewvod by relatively slewpla design. It would wteeon

tbon that tko vow of sma3t 1.l ry *WIpmmrA to, eoutrol the bwevol urArtrwm wnu.ld .

*fftot a we able, eclatitm.

Xwomples of 41sttributors vh1ch v1U d .l.vwer a near zpastant tit),

will first be expWmC i"6l1 b? aammipl+rs of sar.xi.liat-y wow* eemwjlrfrvod to

auteeemtRia*11,)t ant l tb* for *uri000 u;otv*m tram t w distributor to re near

ooawtant ltvwel aid usas#sr the a for iAriodic re wlAtion of emmh turnout.

~le wes C ns1dawereretiotarr rem l'Squipomt e'lam Posesux VI rigatlon

v1*ws (for the of Irrigation V~),* V. M. !';ww" Bulletia 298 of the Pgrim to TOX NXVWPUwft Station of t3W 0010% o AViault wa 1 Ca~ , Port CoUlme, L`+s'#.a nA*, April 2.;:1.7. .

M

Tbo d stri:butor shwe tA to is used oxtonsivoly in awthern

Bw"* &rA Worth Arias, d to a Ue b in other pu*ta of U* vor14-

The sliding Plaus wo *Ivmw mil), *Ton or funy Olosed. rst dtlle

iwt obtain by opening va or mom of the passopm. It ma;y b* "on frm the

section in ligwo iI t t outh ofttio of Vw 41otaribuutor is formA by a

*PW xxy *III WA a i ww rl twe. sill MA rixed Plate wet

It t ill &bov* Vw orii wwc it amtr*IUA to r4walt varia..

t1cm botwoom prefttawatmot I.i .tee, Vw di4sebarg ► uhiah possoo tbrom* the

orifloo rews:Uw very nearly eonotAmt. OmbIlIty of the di*cbarip to soUn-

taluet fug in voloolty, vblob rowlts i*m Vw i.; uioww in

bood, to %c*cmAwI & 1yy a dmater 4wt5row of ti of Us, steroam.

di mrvo is fuw vAet In i Swo 11.

2%* downstrom *341m of us eeI mow► fermtloll of a xydromue

4

in beed thmo us a tus 1# low. The ftmeation of the hmb"oi lle JUMP

41.00 Imak" *be "Sebo' `" jO"%*A"nt of the 600 vat" Uvol as

Al w*w &*trJ I wr Usigo" &U40 vox-Y #U.lw 11,1140 is, Obwft 1A

Jet. A 41eeabor mr is in t ft*Lm.

A mtb*r of odbomoo bavo bin #*VI w ftt voti+ l x Oontrolltna

vw wad #=i%" in the mva or Imorml. `qty we used I a eon'unation with

tko distr-lbutWo. d betted isa gate vitb * float atab to t U

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13

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w9a " lx *u ter uo"T& $ (MUOT" OOAW) k TWk wt OP dal .

" s r *,;qr& *00moul vww UlF IJWTA Jo ww

Oft

TO J4401 00 u

ode % wt 04 TT rw'm +Mftwt v v'r oaou * *A &

*Vol 01 *% "*l 610 * a "T%14 " 1 Is ; VWU=4 V U* ~C +ter,, .10 RO IVA "M ' **lo 1; 10 OT

400T oo

uo" ~ a

9'E "4U "09104 ' T&t* 4kUS *04 onqAW A"

*01OW0 NO& *A*V4* 0 " IN

#T :ATV s lost. *401 *040A U't #rsu" 404 ftrouxq 4'a

*J;OAAMMA sear UV VOM $ O% *IVA ' 10A*'t arc 0 ms s ° V

!~mLxn sqq. aoA; Tsm4wt 40.

VVXW OW UT Mtft*l sit t '4u*O T*VW4A It s

*OV4" ."qol V04010`0 -vow ilt Pi " T40JA Ift #=*u I *md Diet

vlik ttlool OW be US" to a. volum o -fW4, 00 A UWIS f"

t ot west req tb&t tie _ be kavft *o sbta o 1USOW . VbM VW

vataar^ v=luw In the 4*n yowo is 1,*mitt4A to UwV to ,* O&Jest of ~

turamt SWU or similar instollm4lon is moosmary to obtalu tbo ftotma USIA at

tho, poiftr 1 0 Tb* usual p"Oftesis to js Scut ScuXboput ftily

*jA Um n 1 r**Ueeg 0 be" *a ths moumving otvmtum to awry as

bards of abargas &vA to "3, d 10ftbntiom. M* ootorsl rie„ achy tbo.

latex m0 wing st+sti+ am app" with apps to roomt tbo bead o ia-

t ay awt Us volasuri U," o I%ru tuTAoU are thuo *at,'1aa ". An

*=*jMcft to this proctloo way be fowd in ut" wham tbo mart of voU r is

bi . Sieo the .t rr ri*s v.tb ter bofA a +A* bmA is subjaot to

varls;t er vith chsops of v*%or ism in the saro or ia<t*val, a*swain& for

vor*tcr is e4 proaont at ate;. tim* to *141 rt Us tuft Sat*,, it to probablo

that tbo rage of f1m dfts not rowAn ontbr*4 t At 4w1ug Vow latmJu

botwoon oboorvatims of the SW bar40t. Sim* hoar ear in flow an mot

ae obwt porlods ' tire: tho r*U of at tAw to ra t mss

roUtivoly c onstio . tovovws to owtinuous '` ~ botot voulA brtr

Ir3mbierr. fte rssnt east of pnnlAllug aueb a rocwt Mt ooab ftm *wxmt

is not Justifiable la o"t to".

*MOMI)4 spoklag.. fte moomming woes ovl* art ftm tommt r

ar is 'Soot 4"" var3artun or tho 6mmotmm bood. obvftry ` tbo upstrom

or UO Uffu* ial NA VW tsbiares fw oura rr V*Vw rrm '

vrlor oallbrOlms poraft oval -ion of Us Aischonp. daft+* at to

Is, by ao " t aitbout ox0o; ion*

15

2%0* am I vbw* the vow'' lwmlo tai awwAs &A loborols

t t M

in tbo flit ftat" in rogavd to Vwir opw*t .m c rrma torist .,

vill be mWW to IlInstraft usop. DW "km' l *.0 tmA

It ifti 9t OStOW W* OVUVA4 in UWtallstion eon bo

aw sbom in nom 19. of Vw stillius volls f* 008mew toU vwur

wi tho ever vivo an Uo domstremssift of

.me in w 1* in ta* two Wellsmt

*# jjW* a ft# total bOWA u0s to low. M* initial gat f ca

tpu*Pwat, of Ust ivW X Don , CO-10""t WY 1"3- 'T"twmem uw for "u * im

f 1"W1 f o*scu f , walm"O.

a=+

"..• is d':'., ! ~ ..s -». .~ ,f. Y. :t ~ fe. 'g.. e~z f a.i :. R.. ♦: .: .

ie .,, E ... ! - t. W , '. * S t _ { x:' • i F is ' ..rz ,~s t : '~ 3t.: y. .t...

3 f

Y

-T I it s Y..

Y * i ...

,. t; •. f .Y.. •( w fr-1 ... \..n

9. • '..# Aii IF S f Y i ~" f'..

i4.+1• f:

17

22, Is pr*bO tU wist used tnm of wir. ftwover, w somadoroble amber of

root lor v*$.rs j Uft o t' " supposes", may be f • VU"* di#-

*Ur * frm sw&U turmuts sm to be but d, a V -no's vein Is used. Tt*

weir * m* r noroa . *oAlt on*,, t t I*, with * froo ftillog

vi' t tt ti Mlf - , togother vi tom.%w% ekto w+ be omotdsr*4 so s,

i tChaups In Vats 1* ,.*l in tbo delivery to oot reflect in the

mess the Bevel *=oeU Voo btoiott of f1=4 *rost. Any db*W

In asetreas U,). romlt* in & eboop of 41 *bw

Mju* l* 1*vW* voirs am us" in may InoWlAtims to avoid

lovol wt f&U b*low. a ,tuft lialt WA tbw di fw*n al boad 1. ow

fIew,e wMeh wW voxy over omaidareblo r*W at Aloaa o Swevifts & 41"et

MA 01tablo Ala* t4W drwaaaaW *

1041ty" tbfaaae. 4rA PIaiUv* ftopl**Ww aa ty a wtw* with

eye**"*. we *Uw *wW instaUsUfto an *yssaw instrumeato

IAMls or diffeMatial IWMIS. Sam At thaW my also be

as asma ObwU01 systmas 6t "0 forw iMrwft*-.

A ana+aaspiri a*,** aka to mw being uos4 on irftostloa tur l

the w#t*m Urdu SUtoo U Ut open f , rigu o 23. * is s

vaa 1 itx type aaa~. '3 +It r"p*llor 4rive as ** Maw x`Uda Smax tmin with

aaaaw a as **na**tIw a x to *Vora aa► llw vbith rr> i*tw* U* volume of

votor 3aalas Ura tb* tint irr*#j**Uv* of viw 1t bead.

r si ♦:

:1 Y

ro"Ok, tn* O"I"s 4 IVA9 VOW **""I as ap" v"* Otoxw►" Vith

19

dom VA vra4wtjos Into Vw fuw. This WOW in *ice Wit*

o1onow war trimauuw sbav" vaim. Ume sib of the tr x

ourved tomrd *fir r*Aw U *U#Uy emwa In ftracti .

r* ord*r Is *uYU for tMo _ x vMob wUl :art r*u

*Uo o wis bar p nor +mil'"

"etsocaux for mrf*oa roo"a

zr.

+. tbo via* vo" at T. ictl. *o I ' ttow vot 400 pno lay 0 1t at +*m

uoww a* o4ous U *jA qtr UjAomy to voosat eb* x or 10 r vi th

wA moamoviag moUvo. In ,* Uww way be a mahm at postble

f- ♦t t

i,t At

µ i+

i

Baffles-

,-Bell-mouth <o~

entrance aZ v '

FI ow >

CD To delivery

'-Inlet pipe C3 ,

Rectangular Eddy Chamber Control

Section

PLAN

FIGURE I- GIBB~S MODULE

..« , _ -Constant level

Maz. W.S: ~:o:

Norma I W. ;o:

2

0 S~S

Jo:po "W. S. In

delivery

Flow

Low W.S.----,, J Flow

°~~

SECTION

FIGURE 2-KHANNNS RIGID MODULE

,,-Overflow apertures

.-Canal or lateral loot t~i7 ~■■ Float controlled

- Max. W,S.- ' twin cylinders

Min. w.s: -Constant level

r - W.S. In delivery

Fixed ylinder-- Seals _-_ -

To delivery

FIGURE 3—MODULE WITH MOVING PARTS

Orifice -------- — — — — — — — — -Weir Delivery

PLA N

Max. W.S.- , ;,Concrete

Q. W.S. In — — delivery

~_—

Silted :o; o .--Bed bed-,.

FI_~~- .~.~. o-. ~.~ o~: -Wei r

SECTION

FIGURE 4—THE HARVEY—STODDARD IMPROVED

IRRIGATION OUTLET

Max. ws.- - : •o.'a:.o:

~~` ~ ~'~ •.'o' ~ ~ ,--Roof block -Max. W.S.

Flow I In delivery

~ I

SECTION

t) i6..

Flow

6.D •

D

:p

3

PLAN

FIGURE 5- A STANDARD DESIGN OF

SEMI-MODULE USED IN THE PUNJAB

---Top of canal bank Canal or lateral

Max. WS.- ----, , ~~ --- --W.S. In

delivery

Bed-- '- /~~ o•.' Q ' Q..' °' ~ ~~• ' - -Bed

SECTION

o C:

Delivery ~

o0

3 0

. LL_

PLAN

FIGURE 6 — GRUMP'S OPEN FLUME OUTLET

J¥~/~~/7~~~~ / ~~ ~\}§\.{ ~ «`: /2 ~: /;~ ®d/~{ »~~ d:~ /~:Jr\§3~ ef: «\~~ ~%\~~w.

« ~ a~~ < w « . ~~ 2 © ~ ~ ~ \~ ~~ : ~\~ .~7\: ,: ` >a~~`. .tea;

i~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ / \~ ~ ~~~~~ ~ \ ,.~ ~ .

` ~ .~ ~~~~ \:

~ \~~~~ ~ \/ ~. \ ~ ~ ~ :: .:~

, , ~ ~ ~ ~ \ .

-~ \~ /~/

~ ~~ ~~.\! ,

(

~

R ~ .® .

Figure 7. Divisor in Old Irrigation System in Morroco

c6n,.W% nAnn

SECTION

PLAN

FIGURE 8-FRENCH TYPE PROPORTIONAL DIVISOR

FIGURE 9, U. S. TYPE PROPORTIONAL DIVISOR

/

/

Figure 10. Distributer (Photogarph by NEYRPIC

Hcm

,.I

P

I7

16

15

- -- 14

- 8 _

19 20 21 22

-5% ♦5%

FIG. II. DISCHARGE CURVE OF DISTRIBUTOR

Flow ~-

'- Sill

Max.

Normal WS:,";

■■■■■1i■■ 27

■■■■■1/■■

24 T ■■■■I■■■ Lo

ui ■■■EM■■■

Siphon ■■■ 1■■■■ pri mgi_,,,,,,d,,1 21

~~►~ Siphon breaks MM;jMM■w 0120 Ld

■■ ■■►

Low w.S. ,--; ~.■.A■■ .

16 ■■■■■■■ 17 ■■■W ■■■■ ■■■/1■■■■ ■■■11■■■■ ■■■'1■■■■

III■■■■8 9 10 11 12

■■■■

DISCHARGE

'~_ITERVSECOND

FIGURE 12-DISTRIBUTOR WITH SIPHON

Figure 13. Constant Upstream Level Automatic Gate

figure 14. Constant Downstream Level Automatic Gate

.. ,. - .-,

,. ~-

~ wig ~ ` .~_.sl, `_ _ _ s ,-J ~~J"':,: ~ r _ _ .. } e ,sp

v

,- ~

'V

.. ~ — 4~'

.. +"'

.,a _,~ .

Figure 15. Constant Downstream Level Automatic Gate and Distributer

Figure 16. Diagonal Weir in Precast Concrete Lateral

..:.- Any y

f r

t'

.~......

Tl..

Figure 17. Duckbill Weir in Precast Concrete Lateral

Dash pot-,,, -Pivot

Shut off gates--- ;-Battery of Float.

0 distributors

.Disc valve -w.S. Max. Q

i~►~1li

Stilling Basin

[c To delivery; ~u J~

L

17 .

o .

o'

D~

Inlet Conduit

Flow

•v.

• 'd .o:

FIGURE 18-DISC VALVE CONSTANT LEVEL REGULATOR

0

w

m

Figure 19. Twelve-inch Metergate

Figure 20. Figure 20. Constant Head Orifice Turnout

Figure 21. Parshall Measuring Flume

dry

•'

~~

•i

M•.

r

Figure 22. Cipolletti Weir

o• .a..o 0 O_ . o

FLOW Dim

FROM CANAL

lip /-i/ ~k

FIG.23. OPEN-FLOW METER ON FARM TURNOUT

METER TRAM REMO'