Hydraulic Turbines

Hydraulic Turbines

Students

Vincent Duplantier

Florian Feyt

Hoai Dang Leu

Teachers

Jacques Bernard

Mary Ann Flannery

1

Plan

Presentation of Hydraulic Turbines

Hydraulic turbines overview

Hydroelectric plant installation

Three types of Hydraulic Turbines

Choice method of Hydraulic Turbines

Conclusion

2

Presentation of Hydraulic Turbines

3

Hydraulic Turbines overview

Hydraulic turbines : liquid turns blades to produce rotation

Potential/Kinetic power -> Mechanical Power -> Electric power

Hydroelectricity

Advantages : Clean and Renewable

Disadvantages : damage of ecosystem, loss of land

4

Hydraulic Turbines overview

Components of a Turbine :

Runner : rotational part (Shaft + blades)

Diffuser (at output) : channel-shaped increasing in size

Distributor : optional component at the input that controls the angle of attack

5

Hydraulic Plant installation

Flow: small head, high velocity (river)

Flow: great head (in reservoir)

6

The Pelton turbine

7

Action turbine

No diffuser

High operating head

The wheel is not submerged

The number of opened nozzle changes the power

8

The Francis turbine

9

Reaction turbine

Change of the flow pressure

Operating head between 20 and 500 meters

Two main components: upstream guide vanne and runner

10

The Kaplan turbine

Evolution of the Francis turbine

The guidvanes and runner adapted to the waterflow

High efficiency for a wide range of water flow

Can be used as a pump for Storage pumping

11

12

Turbines runners

13

Choice method of hydraulic turbines

14

Magnet

2 poles

Magnetic field

+ winding = electric current

Alternator

Produces alternating electric power

Qualified by the number of magnetic poles

15

Choice method of hydraulic turbines

Electric Network

Stable characteristics

Frequency : 50 Hz

Alternator Frequency

Speed of the rotor

Number of poles

16

Choice method of hydraulic turbines

Alternator

For a same electric frequency (50 Hz) :

Low speed many poles

High speed less poles

Many poles = expensive

17

Choice method of hydraulic turbines

40 pairs 75 rpm

4 pairs 750 rpm

Characteristics of water flow and turbine

Power of the turbine:

Angular velocity:

18

Choice method of hydraulic turbines

N

Comparison of the specific speed with widely built turbines

19

Choice method of hydraulic turbines

Conclusion

20

One of the first sources of electricity

High technological level and mastery

Great efficiency

The main source of renewable energy

High percentage of total electricity production is hydroelectricity in some countries

21

Norway 98%

Brazil 86 %

Canada 61 %

Conclusion

=

$

$

=!

!

3/4

5/4