hybrid vehicles system ja501

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WHAT IS A HYBRID VEHICLE? Any vehicle which combines two or more sources of power. Examples: Diesel – electric Nuclear – electric Gasoline - electric 1

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Page 1: Hybrid Vehicles system ja501

WHAT IS A HYBRID VEHICLE?

Any vehicle which combines two or more sources of power.

Examples:Diesel – electricNuclear – electricGasoline - electric

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Page 2: Hybrid Vehicles system ja501

HYBRID STRUCTURE

• The two power sources found in hybrid vehicles may be combined in different ways, either in parallel or series

• Either one will allow the gasoline engine to shut down when it is not needed.

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Basic Components• Power plant ICE• Electric motor / Generator• Battery • Transmission• Inverter

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TYPES OF HYBRID VEHICLES

• Series hybrid • Vehicle propulsion is by a electric motor only• ICE is used for charging the HV battery

Page 5: Hybrid Vehicles system ja501

TYPES OF HYBRID VEHICLES

• Parallel hybrid• Uses multiple propulsion energy sources• This means the electric motor and ICE propels the vehicle

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TYPES OF HYBRID VEHICLES

• Series-parallel hybrid• These vehicles can operate using the electric motor alone

or with assist of the ICE• They combine both functions of series and parallel design

Page 7: Hybrid Vehicles system ja501

HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS• Power for the electric motor is supplied by high-voltage

nickel-metal hydride battery• Batteries for all hybrids are produced by Panasonic EV Energy

in Japan• Voltage ranges from 144 volts to 650 volts of DC current

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HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS• High voltage wiring may color coded orange, bright blue or

even yellow

• Batteries vary in design, however, all incorporate individual cells connected to one another

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HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

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BATTERIES

• Individual cells originally contained liquid potassium hydroxide• The liquid is almost totally absorbed by the paper membranes

inside each cell of the battery• Because the liquid is absorbed these batteries are considered

“dry cell” batteries

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BATTERIES

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HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS• Batteries are usually located in the rear of the vehicle under

the floor of the trunk or under the rear seat.• The wiring harness from the batteries usually runs below the

floorpan of the vehicle about one foot in from the driver’s side of the vehicle.

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HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

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BATTERY RECHARGING

• The Ni-MH batteries are recharged through a process call regenerative braking

• Regenerative braking takes energy from the forward momentum of the vehicle and captures it while coasting or braking.

• Occasionally batteries are recharged by the electric motor

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THE “SILENT” HYBRID

• Most gasoline engines in hybrids will shut off when not needed – i.e. when stopped in traffic

• Most hybrids have an indicator light which may alert individuals to the status of the vehicle

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THE “SILENT” HYBRID

• When the vehicle is in this silent mode it may “awaken” without notice

• Chocking the wheels is critical to responder safety

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EMERGENCY PROCEDURESFIRES• Vehicle fires can be handled following normal vehicle

firefighting procedures• Crews should not be shocked, even if flames are impinging on

the battery pack itself• Virtually all fires involving Ni-MH batteries can be controlled

with water

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EMERGENCY PROCEDURESNi – MH BATTERY PACK PHYSICAL DAMAGE

• High-voltage circuits are color-coded either orange, bright blue or yellow

• Never disassemble or remove the metal cover of the high-voltage battery pack

• DC current is normally isolated from any contact with the vehicle itself – theoretically in order to receive a shock you would have to physically contact two separate points within the high-voltage system at the same time

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Page 19: Hybrid Vehicles system ja501

EMERGENCY PROCEDURESNi – MH BATTERY PACK PHYSICAL DAMAGE

• If the high-voltage cables running under the vehicle were damaged the high-voltage battery is designed short circuit.

• This short circuit would de-energize the entire high-voltage battery circuit

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Page 20: Hybrid Vehicles system ja501

HYBRID VEHICLE VS REGULAR VEHICLE

Advantages

• Better mileage • Improved acceleration

(most of the time)• Less dependence on fossil

fuels• Lower emissions• Some states provide

incentives for driving a hybrid

• Great driving experience

Disadvantages

• Little highway mileage increase

• High initial cost• Needs high fuel cost to

be worthwhile• Could cost more to repair• Extra maintenance items• Some hybrids need

special tires