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Hybrid materials

Inorganic

Polymers Particles

Thermally stable

Abrasion resistant

Weather resistant

Chemically inert

Rigid

Organic Polymers

Readily processableGood adhesion

Flexible

Tough

Organicinorganic

hybrids

Not physical mixtures but NanocompositeProperties of hybrids are not merely sum of individual component

Subdivision

Class IWeak bonds (hydrogen, van der waals bonds)

Class II - Strong chemical bonds (covalent or iono-covalent)

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Bone

the nanocompositethat has been aroundfor millions of years!

Nature combines (bio)organicand inorganic components

at nanometer scale

Example: mollusc shells / bone

/teeth tissues in vertebrates

Ancient man made hybridmaterialsEgyptian inks,

green bodies of china ceramics.

Used in Maya civilization

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Strategies to design functional hybrids

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Soft chemistry based routes

Conventional Sol-gel pathways

Low temperature route to inorganic oxides and glasses

Mild synthetic conditions

Combination of inorganic domains with organic or bioactive

molecules

Si

OO

HO

O

SiHO

OSi

O

O

Si

O OO

H

Si

SiO

SiHO

O

OH

O

Si

Si O

OHO

O

SiO

OSi

OSi

O

HO

O HO

OH

HO

Si OR

OR

OR

RO+ H2O/ H

+ / OH-

Si(OC2H5)4+ 4 H2O

H+ Or OH-SiO2 + 2 H2O + 4 C2H5OH

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Applications of hybrids

Speciality coatings

Superior abrasion resistance Anti-reflection

Tailored refractive indices

Protection from chemical agents

(anti-corrosion)

Dental applications

Matrix materials

Composites

Glass ionomer cements

Bondings

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Incident light Output light

Fluorescence

NLO

Amplified

lightScatteredlight

Optical functional particles

TiO2, CdS, CdSe, PbS ..

Abrasion resistant particles

SiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2

MatrixPolymer, Sol-gel glass

Optical applications

Other applications

Structural Materials

Catalysts

Electronics

Magnetic materials

Biomedical materials

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Synthesis of Inorganic Organic Hybrid Polyimides

NH2NH2 O

Oxydianiline

Paraphenylenediamine

NH2

NH2

OO

O O

O O

Pyromellitic dianhydr id

O O

O

OO

O

H2N O NH2H2N NH2

O NH

O

OO

O

NH

OH

O

OO

O

OH HONH

n

HONH

O

OO

O

NH

OH

O

OO

O

OH HONH

n

HN(EtO)3Si

HONH

O

OO

O

NH

OH

O

OO

O

OHHO

NH

n

HNSi

O

O

O

Si

Si

Si

O

O

O

O

OO

OO

O

N

O

OO

O

N

O

OO

O

n

NSi

O

O

O

Si

Si

Si

O

O

O

O

OO

OO

O

N

+ /

NH2(EtO)3Si

Si(OEt)4/MeSi(OEt)3

Thermal imidization

REACTION SCHEME:

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Applications:

substrate for flexible PCB Insulating material for high

temperature application

Microelectronic packaging

Coating

Property PI 5% TEOS+PI

Thermal stability

Glass transition

Dielectric constant

Tensile modulus

Tensile strength

558 0C

287

3.4

990 Mpa

90 Mpa

600 oC

291

2.9

1780 Mpa

85 Mpa

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Conclusion

Hybrids

Hybrid

propertiesSensors

Biomaterials

Responsive

materials

Nano-

composites

Functional

materials

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