hybrid and electric vehicle solutions guide · different types of hybrid and electric vehicle...

System Solutions for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles

2Q 2010www.ti.com/hev

System Solutions for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles TexasInstruments2Q2010


Texas Instruments Automotive Commitment

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TexasInstruments(TI)iscommittedtoprovidingsuperiorcost-efficientsolutionstothetransportationmarket,alongwithexcellentproductdocumentation,on-timedeliveryandconformancetospecifications.

TIsupportstransportationindustryrequirementsandcontinuestoaddtoourtransportationportfolio.Withmorethan30yearsofexperienceservingcustomerswithdemandingrequirements,TIcanhelpyouachievethequality,reliabilityandcostgoalstosucceedintoday’smarketplace.

TIisfullycommittedtoautomotivequality;wehaveadedicatedqualityorganizationandazero-defectstrategyinplace.WeareTS16949certifiedandapreferredsuppliertomajorcarmanufacturers.

Introduction to Electric TransportationElectrictransportationisnotanewphenomena;infact,theconcepthasbeenaroundformorethan100years.However,givengrowingenvironmentalsensitivities,long-termsupplyconcerns,fossilfuelpricesandimprovedtechnology,thereisastrongmotivationtofurtheracceleratethismarketsegment.

Governmentregulationslikethe130-g/km(andfutureplanned95-g/km)CO2averageemissionlimitsforcarmanufacturersinEuropearealsocatalystsbehindnewelectrifiedtransportationalternatives.Withtheadoptionofmoreelectronics,vehiclesbecomesafer,exhibithigherperformance,andaremoreefficient.

Electrictransportationisakeyelementwithintheoverallrenewableenergylandscape.Energyforchargingisexpectedtocomefromrenewablesourceslikewind-,solar-orwater-poweredplants.Homeandpublicchargingstationswillalsobecomemoreprevalentandcantakeadvantageofoff-peakcharging(nighttime)andothergreenenergysourcessuchaswind.

Withafullrangeofanalogandembeddedprocessingproducts,TIisattheforefrontofhelpingtobringsafer,affordableandmoreefficientelectrictransportationsolutionstomarket.TI’ssolutionsforthisindustryrangefromoptimizedanddedicatedintegrated

circuitstofullsystem-levelsolutionstohelpourcustomersoptimizeandaccelerateproductdevelopment.

TI’sexperienceindiversemarketssuchasindustrialcontrol,industrialmotordrives,digitalpowersupplies,smartmeteringandgrids,wiredandwireless

communications,consumerelectronics,andenergyefficiencyenablesengineerstomeetincreasingneedsforhigherspeeds,higherprecision,lowerpowerandmorerobustequipment–allwhilemaintainingthehighstandardsofqualityandreliabilitythattheautomotiveandtransportationmarketdemands.

System Solutions for Hybrid and Electric VehiclesTexasInstrumentsAutomotiveCommitment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2IntroductiontoElectricTransportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3WhyTI? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3SystemArchitectureofHEV/EV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Start/Stop Function (Micro Hybrid)Start/StopFunction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4PowerManagementforStart/StopFunction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Start/StopFunctionApplications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5TPS40210:BoostConverter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5TPIC74100:Buck-Boost-ConverterIntegratedSwitches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5TPS40090:Four-ChannelMultiphaseBuckDC/DCController(orBoost) . . . . . . . . . . . 5Start/StopFunctionUsingtheC2000™DSPPiccolo™MCU. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Battery Management, Power Conversion (DC/DC) and Charging (AC/DC)IntroductiontoBatteryManagement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7BatteryManagementSystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8BatteryManagement:bq76PL536andbq76PL537. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9BatteryManagement:Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10bq76PL536:BatteryManagement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10bq76PL536:EvaluationModule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10IntroductiontoDC/DCConverterModule. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11DC/DCConverter:Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12UCC2895:AdvancedPhase-ShiftResonantController. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12DC/DCConverterUsingC2000™DSOPiccolo™MCUs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12C2000™DSP’sPiccolo™TMS320F280xFamily . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13C2000DSPDigitalPowerDC/DCDeveloperKits............................ 13On-BoardCharger–AC/DCwithPFC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14AC/DCDeveloper’sKitwithTMS320F280x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14AC/DCApplications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15PiccoloMCUsF2802xvs.F2803x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15UCC28070:Two-PhaseInterleavedConstantCurrentMode(CCM)PowerFactorCorrection(PFC)Controller.................................. 16

Motor ControlIntroductiontoDC/ACforInverterMotorControl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17TMS570:TheSafeTIMicrocontroller. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18TMS570:EvaluationKit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

The Analog FoundationAnalogOverview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19ISO1050:IsolatedCANTransceiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20ISO72x–Isolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20ISO7221Cxx:Dual-Channel,1/1,25-MbpsDigitalIsolator..................... 21ISO55xx:IsolatedGateDriverFamily . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22AMC1203 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Charging Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23ChargingInfrastructure–ConnectingtheCartotheSmartPowerGrid . . . . . . . . . . . 23PLCKitUsingtheTMS320F28335 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24ZigBee®RFUsingtheCC2530System-on-Chip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

E-Bike, Scooter and Small Task-Oriented Vehicles (STOVs) . . . . . . . . 25bq78PL114:IntegratedGasGauge,ProtectionandActiveCellBalancing. . . . . . . . . 26bq77PL900:StandaloneandHost-ControlledBatteryProtection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26DigitalMotorControlforE-Bikes,ScootersandSTOVs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27High-VoltagePFCandMotorControlDeveloper’sKit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27controlSuite™Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

TI Worldwide Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

TexasInstruments2Q2010 System Solutions for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles


Introduction to Electric Transportation

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Why TI?Innovated semiconductor solutions• Makingadvancedautomotive andtransportationdevices moreflexible,affordableand accessible.• Addressinggrowingneedsin energyefficiency,powerand batterymanagement,wiredand wirelessconnectivity,and performanceandprecision.

Complete portfolio• Amplifiers,dataconverters,interfaces, powermanagement,isolation,logic, DSPs,MCUs,wirelessconnectivity.• Catalog,application-specific, enhancedandcustomICoptions.• Experiencedautomotiveand transportationsectorsupplierwitha fullrangeofAECQ-100-certified analogandembeddedprocessing technologiesandproducts.

Quality and reliability• Experienceinservingtheautomotive marketformorethan30years.• Abilitytoservecustomersofallsizes withavarietyofsupplierchainsand needs.• Longproductlifetimesandflexible productobsolescencepolicy,ensuring continuityofsupply.• WorldwidemanufacturingandR&D capabilities.• Memberofindustry-standard organizationsandalliances.

Commitment• Designsupport• Tools• Training• Distribution

ThisHybridandElectricVehicleSolutionsGuideisintendedtohelpyouexploreTI’sICsolutionsasthevarioustransportationsectorsbecomeincreasinglyelectrifiedonapathtowardenergyefficiencyandsustainability.Thisguidefeaturesseveralsystemblockdiagrams,followedbydetailsaboutkeydevicesandsupportfunctions.

Different types of hybrid and electric vehicles

FeatureStart/Stop

Micro Hybrid

Mild Hybrid

FullHybrid

(Parallel)

FullHybrid(Serial)

FullElectric

Start/stop alternator a a a a

Regenerative breaking a a a a a

Electric torque assist a a

Electric and combustion drive a

Only electric drive possible a a

Plug-in capability a a a

Differenttypesofhybridandelectricvehicleconceptsexistinthemarket.TexasInstrumentsoffersleading-edgesolutionsforallsystems,fromabasicstart/stopfunctiontoafullyintegratedplug-inelectricvehicle.Thisguidewillgiveanoverviewofthevariousfunctionsandalsocoverproducthighlightsfromvariousareas.Forthelatestinformation,seeTI’sWebsite,www.ti.com.

DC/DCConverter

(Reversible)

12-V BoardNet

DC/ACInverter

BatteryMonitoring

BatteryManagement

ElectricalMotor/

Generator

AC/DCConverter

(PFC + PLC)

DC/DCConverter

(Full Bridge)

High-VoltageLi-Ion

Battery

Low-Voltage

12-VBattery

ChargerEnergy Conversion

Infrastructure/Charging Spot

Motor Control

System Architecture of HEV/EV

➔Thehybridandelectricvehiclesystemisbuiltofseveralmodulestoformthedrivetrainandenergystoragesystem.Thebatteryblock(typicallyaLi-ionchemistryintherangeof400V)ismanagedandmonitoredbythebatterymanagementsystem(BMS)andchargedviaanon-boardAC/DCconvertermodule,withvoltagesrangingfrom110-Vsinglephaseto380-Vthree-phasesystems.TheDC/ACinverterusesthehighvoltageofthebatterytodrivetheelectricmotor,butalsoisusedforregenerativebreaking,storingenergybackintothebattery.

Toconnectthehigh-voltagebatterytotheconventional12-VboardnetrequiresaDC/DCconverter.Theconnectionofahigh-voltagebatterytotheinverteralsorequiresareversibleDC/DCconverterinmostcases.ThecompleteHEVsystemhastomeetspecificsafetyrequirements

(uptoASIL-D)thatarespecificallyrelevantformanagingthepotentiallyexplosivehigh-voltagebatterypack,aswellasthedrivetrainusedforbreaking.

TIisveryactiveintheindustrialcontrolsegmentandcancombineextensiveapplicationexperiencewithastrongbackgroundintheautomotivespace.Severalevaluationmoduleswithhardwareandsoftwaresupportwillspeedupdevelopment,whiletheproductroadmapaddressesfuturerequirements.

Withinthisguide,youwillfindsolutionsandsupportforyourhybridandelectricvehicleapplicationsdesignsinthefollowingcategories:


Start/Stop Function (Micro Hybrid)

Start/Stop Function

4

➔Hi

gh-P

ower

Boo

ster

Gate Driver

Vdriver Cboot1L1

L2

Cboot2VOUT

PGND

5Vg

AOUT

RESETREST

Vlogic

Rmod

GND

Enable

5Vg_Enable

CLP

AIN

PWMController

Gate Driver

Pow

er M

anag

emen

t Buc

k/Bo

ost

VBAT

VBAT

Supply

Constant 5-Voutput at supplyvoltage from1.5 V to 40 V

Aux 5-VOutput

VOUT

VOUT

Phase 1

Phase n +1

VOUT

Cold crank, crank down to 2 V-4 V

Start-stop crank, crank down to 6 V-7 V

VS

2 V-4 V

6 V-7 V

VS

Astart/stopsystemautomaticallyshutsdownandrestartsanautomobile’sinternalcombustionenginetoreducetheamountoftimetheenginespendsidling,therebyimprovingfueleconomy.Thisismostadvantageousforvehiclesthatspendsignificantamountsoftimewaitingattrafficlightsorthatfrequentlycometoastopintrafficjams.

Thisfeatureispresentinhybridelectricvehicles,buthasalsoappearedinvehiclesthatlackahybridelectricpowertrain.Fornon-electricvehicles(calledmicrohybrids),fueleconomygainsfromthistechnologyaretypicallyintherangeof5to10percent.Butbecauseautomobileaccessorieslikeairconditionersandwaterpumps

havetypicallybeendesignedtorunoffaserpentinebeltontheengine,thesesystemsmustberedesignedtofunctionproperlywhentheengineisturnedoff.Typically,anelectricmotorisusedtopowerthesedevicesinstead.

Power Management for Start/Stop Function➔

Moreandmoremodulesinsideacarhavetobedefendedfromvoltagedropduringcranking.Thisproblemhasincreasedwiththeimplementationof

TI’s solution

start/stop(microhybrid)systems,atrendseenintheautomotiveindustrytoimprovefuelefficiency.

TIoffersavarietyofproductsinthepowermanagementareathatcansolvethissystem/customerproblem.

Buck-Boost-Converter Integrated SwitchesTPIC74100-Q1

Getsamples,datasheets,EVMsandappreportsat:www.ti.com/sc/device/TPIC74100-Q1

Key Features• Wide-inputvoltagerange:1.5Vto40V• Max.loadcurrent:1A(TPIC74100-Q1) 500mA(TPS55065-Q1)• Max.loadcurrent:200mA@VIN=2.0V• Max.loadcurrent:120mA@VIN=1.5V• Fixedoutputvoltage:5V• Enablefunction,shutdown current<20µA• Switchingfrequency440kHz(nom)• Slewratecontrolandfrequency modulationforEMIreduction• Alarmfunctionforundervoltagedetection• Switched5-Voutputwithcurrentlimit

• Thermallyenhanced20-pin PowerPAD™package

Benefits• Stable5-Vline,alsoduringcranking pulse• Wideinputvoltagerange,noexternal protectionrequired• Resetintegrated,additionalalarm thresholdintegrated• Outputvoltageswitchedtosecondpin (auxiliary5-Voutput)• Designedforharshautomotive environments(protectionsforover temperature,overvoltage)

2 CS2 CS3

CSCN

CS1

VIN

PWM1

PWM2

PWM4

PWM3

TPS40090

CS4

PGQOD

BP5

ILIM

GND

SS

RT

DROOP

REF

EN/SYNC

COMP

FB

DIFFO

GNDS

VOUT

4

14

22

6

17

15

16

7

8

24

9

10

11

13

12

18

18

20

21

23

1

5

3

RILIM2

CBP5

CCS3

CCS1

RCS3

RCS1

L2

L1CIN

COUT

BP5

VIN (4.5 V to 15 V)

VOUT(0.7 V to 3.5 V)

TISynchronous

BuckDriver

TISynchronous

BuckDriver

CSS

RRT

RDROOP

RILIM1

CREF

CFB1

RFB1

RFB3

RFB2

Four-Channel Multiphase Buck DC/DC Controller (or Boost)TPS40090

Getsamples,datasheets,EVMsandappreportsat:www.ti.com/sc/device/TPS40090

Key Features• Qualifiedforautomotiveapplications• Two-,three-orfour-phaseoperation• 5-Vto15-Voperatingrange• Programmableswitchingfrequency upto1MHz/phase• Current-modecontrolwithforced currentsharing(1)• 1%internal0.7-Vreference• Resistivedividersetoutputvoltage• Trueremotesensingdifferentialamp

• ResistiveorDCRcurrentsensing• Current-sensefaultprotection• Programmableloadline• CompatiblewithTI’sUCC37222 PredictiveGateDrive™ technologydrivers• 24-pinspace-saving TSSOPpackage• Binaryoutputs



Start/Stop Function Applications

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Boost ConverterTPS40210

Getsamples,datasheets,EVMsandappreportsat:www.ti.com/sc/device/TPS40210

Key Features• Wide-inputvoltagerange:4.5Vto52V• Current-modecontroller• TPS40210:internalreference voltage:0.70V• Internalundervoltagelockout• Programmablefrequency 35kHzto500kHz• Frequencysynchronization• Closed-loopsoftstart• Overcurrentprotection• IntegratedNMOS-FETdriver• Smallpackagesize–10-pinMSOP

Benefits• Suitableforanytypeofboost application• Boost,flybackandSEPIC topologiespossible

RC

SS

DIS/EN

COMP

FB

VDD

RSENSE

VBP

GDRV

ISNS

GND

5

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5

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TPS40210 controller configured as a high-efficiency constant-current LED driver.

EVM available

EVM available

EVM available

Supply

L

Main 5-V output

Aux 5-V output

Vdriver

AIN

Vlogic

Rmod

GND

Enable

5Vg_Enable

CLP

Cboot1

L1

L2

Cboot2

Vout

5Vg

GNDP

Aout

RESET


Start/Stop Function Using the C2000™ DSP Piccolo™ MCU

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Battery Management, Power Conversion (DC/DC) and Charging (AC/DC)

Introduction to Battery Management

CSGain

1-phx44A

3A

2A

1A

CSGain

1-phx3

CSGain

1-phx2

CSGain

1-phx1

VOUTVIN

VIN-12 VV-BOOST

Piccolo

CANbus

+ + +

+

+

+

CPU

32-bitDSP

60 MHz

ADC

12-bit4.6 MSPS

LSDRV

PWM 1 (HR)

PWM 3 (HR)

PWM 4 (HR)

VREF

I2CSPI

UARTCAN

1A

2A

3A

4A

1-phs 11-phs 21-phs 31-phs 4

V-boostV-INTempSense

PWM 2 (HR)

UsingaC2000DSPwithenhancedreal-timefeaturesbringsbothhigh-speedloopcontrolandsystemmanage-mentcapabilitiesinasingledevice.ThePiccoloMCU’smath-efficientCPU,closelycoupledwithhigh-performancePWMsandADCs,cancontrolmulti-phasebooststagesoverawiderangeofoperatingpoints.Digitalcontrolschemeswithfeed-forward,3-pole/3-zerocompensators,PID,etc.,allowspowerdesignerstorealizecomplexand

flexibleloopcontrolstrategiesthatcanbeadaptiveandmanagedforefficiency,transientperformance,light-loadopera-tion,fault-handlingandrichdiagnostics.Independentcontrolofeachphaseallowsforcurrentbalancingwithineachphase,spreadingtheloadevenlyandimprovingreliability.Thisalsoaddsphase-sheddingcapability,whereatlightloadsoneortwophasesareused,henceincreasingefficiency.

Undertheseconditions,“intelligent”managementsoftwarecanre-tunecontrolloopsbydynamicallychangingcompensa-torcoefficients.Theabovediagramshowsafour-phaseboostimplementationwhereeachMOSFETiscontrolledwithahigh-resolutionPWMcapableof150-pSedge-placementaccuracy,ensuringsmoothPWMswitchingspeedsfrom100KHztobeyond500KHzwithouttheundesirablelimit-cycleoscillationsoftenassociatedwithlow-resolutionpulse-widthmodulators.

Contact local sales office for more information.



Introduction to Battery Management

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Plug-inhybridelectricvehicles(PHEVs)andbatteryelectricvehicles(BEVs)aretwoquicklyemergingtechnologiesthatusepowerfulelectricmotorsasthepropulsionsource.Inordertopowertheseelectricmotors,largebatterypacksaremadeupofhundredsofcells,totaling300-400voltsinstalledinthevehicle.

Becausebatterieshaveafiniteenergycapacity,PHEVsandBEVsmustberechargedonaperiodicbasis,typicallybyconnectingtothepowergrid.ThechargingsystemforthesevehiclesconsistsofanAC/DCrectifiertogenerateaDCvoltagefromtheACline,followedbyaDC/DCconvertertogeneratetheDCvoltagerequiredby

Isolation

TempSensor

TempSensor

InterfaceOption

InterfaceOption

Power LineCommunication

AuxiliaryPower

RelayDriver

Digital Power Controller

MOSFETDriver

Digital Power Controller

Isolation

BMS

Protection

CurrentSense

CurrentSense

CurrentSense

AC Line83-265 VAC

Rectified AC

Boosted DCOutput

385 V-400 V

Isol

atio

n Bo

unda

ry

CurrentSense

High-Voltage Battery Pack

BMS

BMS

+I+I+I+I+I+I+I+I+I+I+I+I+I

Legend

Other

InterfacePowerAmplifier

thebatterypack.Additionally,ad-vancedchargingsystemsmightalsocommunicatewiththepowergridusingPLCmodemstoadjustchargingbasedonpowergridconditions.Thebatterypackmustalsobecarefullymonitoredduringoperationandcharginginordertomaximizeenergyusageandprolongbatterylife.

High-performanceanalogpartsarealsoavailabletoprovidecriticalsystemfunctionsandfeaturessuchassensorfeedback,isolation,chippowersuppliesandcommunicationtransceivers.

Thebq76PL5xxdevicefamiliesaredesignedforhigh-cell-countbattery

packs.Theycanhandlethevoltagesandcurrentsfoundinhigherpowerapplicationslikepowertoolsandelectronicmobility.Themorecellsapackhasinseries,thegreaterthedifferenceinstateofcharge,imped-ance,andcapacitanceaffectingthehealthandenergydeliveryofthepack.Thebq76PL5xxdevicesincludecircuitryforbringingthecellsbackintobalance.Thisincreasesthelifetimeofthepackandcanhelpdeliverasmuchenergytotheapplicationaspossible.Eachbq76PL5xxdeviceprotectsfromovercharge,overdischarge,overtemperatureandhigh-currenteventsforpackandsystemsafety.



Battery Management System

8

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Thebatterymanagementsystem(BMS)isakeyelementintheoverallHEVarchitecture.Notonlywillanintelligentimplementationextendthebattery’slifetime,butalsoextendthepossiblerangeofthevehicleinfullyelectricdrivemode,whichisakeysellingpointtoendusers.Thebatterysystemisoftendividedintoseveralsubmodulesthatcanbeplacedinvariouspositionsofthevehicle.Allofthesemodulesrequirebatterysupervisionandbatterycell-balancingfeatures,oftenconnectedthroughdifferentcommunicationpathstoensuresystemredundancy.Built-intemperaturemanagementisalsoacrucialelementforthesystemlifetime,andforsafety.Thecompletebatterysystemrepresentsahighlysafety-criticalfunction;therefore,themicrocontrollerneedstomeetspecificsafetyrequirements.

Power Supply

MCUSupervisor

CAN

Temp SensorReference

ADC

Isolation

Shunt

ISENSE

+

–

Cell Balancing Parts

Cell Monitoring

– +– + – + – + – + – +– + – + – + – + – +– + – + – + – +


Battery/Ultra Capacitor Stack

Cell Monitoring


Safety Disconnect

e.g. ˜400 V

Cell Monitoring

Digital Isolator

IsolatedDC/DC

Converter

+ – + – + –

Mod

ule

1

Mod

ule

2

Mod

ule

3

BMS Main µCTMS570 Family

Dual Core LockstepSIL3-Compliant

Priv

ate

CAN

Public CAN

Safe

ty L

ine

Monitor

PassiveBalancing

bq76PL536

2nd Protector

Monitor

ActiveBalancing

bq76PL537

• Threetosixcells• Highmeasurementaccuracy of±3mVtypical• Noisolationcomponents requiredforIC-to-IC communication• AdvancedPowerPump™ bidirectionalchargetransfer cellwithactivecellbalancing• Balancing,integratedgate driversforexternalFETs• PowerPumpbalancing availableduringcharge, dischargeoridleconditions• MultiplesynchronizedA/D converters• MeasuressixVcells,Vstack, sixaux(temperature)• Dualredundant communicationchannels



Battery Management: bq76PL536 and bq76PL537

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HEV/EV monitorand protector with passive balancing

HEV/EV monitor and active cell balancing

• Threetosixcells• Highmeasurementaccuracy of±1mVtypical• FastresponsetoOV,UV, OTduetoindependent, integratedsafetycomparators• Dedicatedalert/faultand convert/readysignals• NoisolationforIC-to-IC communication• Bypass/bleedcellbalancing topology,integratedgate driverswithexternalFETs• Fastmultiplexed A/Dconverter• MeasuressixVcells,Vstack, twotemp,oneaux

Fullyintegratedmonitoringsolutionsprovideveryaccurateinsightintothestatusofthecellstack.ThePL536providesbasicpassivecellbalancing,integratedsecondaryOVbatteryprotectionandcommunicatesvia

PowerPump™ technology for active cell balancing. P-FET turned on energizing inductor.

P-FET turned off. Stored inductor energy transferred through body diode of N-FET.Control signals

from PL537

Current

Current

P-FET

N-FET

V1V1

V2

V2

V2

V3

V3

Buildingonthebroadexperienceinbattery-managementsolutionsforconsumerandindustrialapplications,thenewbattery-managementdevices

forhigh-cell-countapplicationsofferhighlyintegratedsolutionsfortheHEV/EVspace.Theyareavailableindifferentsetupswithpassiveandactivecell

balancing–aswellaswithandwithoutasecondaryprotectorfunction–andarethestartofabiggerfamilyofdevicesfortheHEV/EVspace.

differentSPIchannels(non-isolationrequired)plussignalsforfaultdetection.ThePL537offersactivecellbalancing,enhancingthebattery’senergyusageforextendedrangesusingPowerPump™technology.

FortheBMScentralmicrocontroller,theTMS570isanexcellentchoice,describedlaterinthisguide.

Preview

Battery Managementbq76PL536

Getsamples,datasheets,EVMsandappreportsat:www.ti.com/sc/device/BQ76PL536



Battery Management: Applications

10

➔

Key Features• Three-tosix-seriescellsupport,all chemistrieshot-pluggable• StackableverticalSPIinterface• Noisolationcomponentsrequired• High-speedSPIfordatacommunications• Dedicatedfaultsignals• High-accuracyA/Dconverter: —±1-mVtypical,±3-mVmax —14-bitresolution —3-µsconversiontime• NineADCinputs:sixcellvoltages,one 6-cell“brick,”voltage,twotemperatures, onegeneral-purposeinput• Built-incomparators(secondaryprotector) forovervoltage,undervoltageandover- temperatureprotection• Programmablethresholdsanddelaytimes• Supplyvoltagerangefrom5.5Vto30V• Lowpower: —12-µAsleepcurrent(typical) —48-µAidlecurrent(typical)• Integratedprecision5.0-V3-mALDO

Thebq76PL536isastackable,three-tosix-seriescelllithium-ionbatterypackprotectorandanalogfrontend(AFE)thatincorporatesaprecisionanalog-to-digitalconverter(ADC),independentcellvoltageandtemperatureprotection,cellbalanc-ingandaprecision5-Vlowdropoutregulator(LDO)topowerusercircuitry.Thebq76PL536providesfullprotection(secondaryprotection)forovervoltage,under-voltageandover-temperatureconditions.Whensafetythresholdsareexceeded,thebq76PL536setsthefaultoutput.Noexternalcomponentsareneededtoconfigureorenabletheprotectionfeatures.

CellvoltageandtemperatureprotectionfunctionsareindependentoftheADC.Thebq76PL536isintendedtobeusedwithahostcontrollertomaximizethefunctionalityofthebatterymanagementsystem.However,theprotectionfunctionsdonotrequireahostcontroller.Thebq76PL536canbestackedverticallytomonitorasmanyas192cellswithoutadditionalisolationcomponentsbetweenICs.


bq76PL536 Evaluation Module➔

• Canhandleupto18cells,threePL536ontheboard• Workswithbatterycellsorpowersupplyinput• Includes2.5-kVgalvanicisolationforhostCPUorPC• Softwareinterfaceforeasysystemevaluation• Orderpartnumber:BQ76PL536EVM• Available2Q2010

TS2+

TS2–

TS1+

TS1–

VC6

AUX

GPIO

REG5

0

LDOA

LDOD

VBAT

VREF

GPAI

+

GPAI

–

VSS

VSS

CB6

VC5

CB5

VC4

CB4

VC3

CB3

VC2

CB2

VC1

CB1

VC0

OT1

OT2

UV

OV

OV

OV

OV

OV

OV

UV

UV

UV

UV

UV

EEPROM

REF2

ThermalShutdown

bq76PL536LDO-A LDO-D

5-V LDO(User Circuitry)

14-BitADCDigital

ControlLogic

OSC WDT

Level-ShiftedNorth

CommsInterface

Level-ShiftedSouth

CommsInterface

Host

Inte

rfac

e

Shadow RAM

VREF2.5 V

AMP

+–

Cell

Bala

ncin

g

Leve

l Shi

ft an

d M

UX

Ultr

a-Pr

ecis

ion

Band

gap

Preview

Preview



Introduction to DC/DC Converter Module

11

➔

TheDC/DCconvertermoduleisusedtoconnectthehigh-voltagebatterytothe12-VvehiclePowerNet.ThesystemcaneitherberealizedwithfixedPWM

Core and I/OSupply

PWMController

PWMController

GateDrivers

GateDrivers

V and ISense

V and ISense

TempSensor

System Power

IsolatedDC/DC

Converter

DigitalIsolator

Supervisor

Reference

CAN

MCU/DSP

PWM

Network MCU CAN

ADC

Legend

InterfaceProcessor

Power

Amplifier

ADCDesign Option

ADC

ADC

ADC

High Voltage Low Voltage

PWM 3 a

PWM 3 b

PWM 4 a

PWM 4 b

PWM 3 a

PWM 3 b

PWM 4 a

PWM 4 b

High-Voltage Battery

12-VVehicle

Power Net

controllersoranMCUcontrollingboththehigh-andlow-voltagesideoftheconverter.Thismethodoffersmoreflexibilityusingacommonhardware

platform,withadjustmentsdoneinthesoftwareonlyandadditionalcapabilitieslikediagnosticfeatures.



DC/DC Converter: Applications

12

➔

Advanced Phase-Shift Resonant ControllerUCC2895

Getsamples,datasheets,EVMsandappreportsat:www.ti.com/sc/device/UCC2895

DC/DC Converter Using C2000™ DSP Piccolo™ MCUs➔

Key Features• Qualifiedforautomotiveapplications• Programmableoutputturn-ondelay• Bidirectionaloscillatorsynchronization• Voltage-mode,peak-current-modeor average-current-modecontrol• Programmablesoftstart/softstop andchipdisableviaasinglepin• 0to100%duty-cyclecontrol• 7-MHzerroramplifier• Operationto1MHz• Typical5-mAoperatingcurrent at500kHz• Verylow150-µAcurrentduring undervoltagelockout(UVLO)

TheUCC2895isaphase-shiftpulse-widthmodulation(PWM)controllerthatimple-mentscontrolofafull-bridgepowerstagebyphase-shiftingtheswitchingofonehalf-bridgewithrespecttotheother.ItallowsconstantfrequencyPWMinconjunctionwithresonantzero-voltageswitchingtoprovidehighefficiencyathighfrequencies.Thepartcanbeusedeitherasavoltage-orcurrent-modecontroller.

AlthoughtheUCC2895maintainsthefunctionalityoftheUC3875/6/7/8familyandUC3879,itimprovesonthatcontrollerfamilywithadditionalfeaturessuchasenhancedcontrollogic,adaptivedelaysetandshutdowncapability.BecauseitisbuiltusingtheBCDMOSprocess,itoperateswithdramaticallylesssupplycurrentthanitsbipolarcounterparts.TheUCC2895canoperatewithamaximumclockfrequencyof1MHz.

Inautomotivesolutions,abidirectionalDC/DCconverterisusefulinmanyapplications.Forexample,onthehighvoltageside,anH-bridgetopologyisusedtodriveaninverterfortheelectricmotor.Whenthedriverstepsonthebrake,anH-bridgeonthesecondarysidecanusethebackEMFtorechargethebattery.Alternatively,abidirectionalDC/DCconvertercanbeusedinsystemsthathavebothahigh-voltagelithium-ionbatteryandanautomotive12-Vbatterytoaddmorecapabilities,aswellasincreaseflexibility.

Piccolo

ILV

IHVILV

VHV

VLV

CT4A

4B

3A

3B

2A

2B

1A

1B

CT

3A4A

3B

4B

IHV

VHV

VLV

Temp

CPU

32-bitDSP

60 MHz

CLA

32-bitFPU

60 MHz

ADC

12 bit

I2CSPI

UARTCANLIN

PWM1

LIN/CANBus

AB

PWM2 AB

PWM3 AB

PWM4 AB

HSDRVLS

DRV

HSDRV

HighVoltage

Isolation

Isolation

LowVoltage

LSDRV

20EAP

SS/DISB

OUTA

PGND

OUTB

VCC

OUTC

OUTD

CS

ADS

EAIN

EAOUT

RAMP

REF

GND

SYNC

CT

RT

DELAB

DELCD

UCC2895

B

A

VIN1

VINVOUT

Q1

D

C

19

18

17

16

15

14

13

12

11

1

3

4

7

8

10

2

5

6

9

Key Features• C28x™DSP32-bitCPU• Single-cycle32-bitMAC• Upto60-MHzperformance• Fullsoftwarecompatibilitywith previousgenerations

Memory• Flash:16,32,64KB• RAM:4,6,10,12KB

Peripheral Highlights• Single3.3-Vsupply• Twohigh-accuracyon-chiposcillators (10MHz)• Best-in-classPWMandeventcapture• 150-psresolutiononPWMduty andfrequency• 12-bitratio-metricADCwithindividual channeltriggersand4.6-MSPSspeed• Twoanalogcomparatorswith10-bitreference• Robustserialcommunicationinterfaces• Upto22general-purposeI/Os• Packages:38-pinTSSOP,48-pinLQFP

PWMs:IncludesePWMchannelsandcapturesusedasbasicPWMs.

Timers:TimersincludeCPU,PWMandwatchdogtimers.

Digital power experimenter’s kit ($229) offers:• Two-railDC/DCEVMusingTIPowerTrain™ modules(10A),F2808controlCARD™ controllersubsystem• On-boarddigitalmultimeterandactiveload fortransientresponsetuningOrderpartnumber:TMDSDCDC2KIT

DC/DC developer’s kit ($325) offers:• Eight-railDC/DCEVMusingTIPowerTrain modules(10A)• Applicationssoftwarewithexamplecodeand fullhardwaredetails• Demonstratesmultirailandmultiphase applications• IncludesF28044controlCARDcontroller subsystemOrderpartnumber:TMDSDCDC8KIT

Resonant DC/DC developer’s kit ($229) offers:• SingletransformerLLCresonant DC/DCconverter• Fourdifferentfeedbackmethodsfor experimentation• Losslesscurrentsensingcircuitfor faultprotection• Activeloadfortransientresponsetuning• IncludesF2808controlCARDcontroller subsystemOrderpartnumber:TMDSRESDCKIT



C2000™ DSP’s Piccolo™ TMS320F2802x Family

13

➔

TMS320F2802xdevicesfeaturearchitecturaladvancementsandenhancedperipheralsinpackagesfrom38pinstobringthebenefitsof32-bitreal-timecontroltoapplicationstypicallyunabletojustifytheassociatedcost.Real-timecontroloffersgreatersystemefficiencyandprecisionthroughtheimplementationofadvancedalgorithms.Formoreinformation,visitwww.ti.com/piccolo.

C2000 DSP Digital Power DC/DC Developer Kits

PWM1 PWM - 1A

TZ1

A0

AB

PWM2 AB

PWM3 AB

PWM4

12-bit4.6 MSPSDual S/HAuto Seq

C28 Core32-bit - 40/60 MHz

TempSensor

Flash 64 kB

RAM 12 kB

ADC

AB

TZ2TZ3CMP1 - OUTCMP2 - OUT

CMP1 - OUT

System

CMP2 - OUT

AnalogComparators

ECAP

A1

VREF LoVREF Hi

A2A3A4A5A6A7B0B1B2B3B4B5B6B7

X1X2

PWM - 1BPWM - 2APWM - 2BPWM - 3APWM - 3BPWM - 4APWM - 4B

3

2

1

TripZoneLogic

CAP

WD

PLL

GPIOControl

Comms

3

2

6

UART

SPI

I2C

+–

+–

+–

Timers - 32 bitTimers - 0Timers - 1Timers - 2

VREGInt-OSC-1Int-OSC-2Ext-OSC-2POR/BOR

VREF

DAC10 bit

DAC10 bit

PWR

GND



On-Board Charger – AC/DC with PFC

14

➔

AC/DC Developer’s Kit with TMS320F280x➔

ThechargingoftheHEV/EVviathemaingriddemandsaflexiblesetuptomeetthevariousvoltagelevelsinsingle-phase(120-V,230-V)andthree-phase380-Vsystemswithdifferentcurrentlevels(16Ato63A).Thechargingtimeiscertainlyanimportantfeatureforthecar’sendcustomer,buthastobebalancedwith

thelong-termagingbehaviorofthebatterypack.

TheAC/DCchargingsystemshownoffersapowerfactorcontrol(PFC)functionalongwithHVpowerconversiontodirectlygeneratethebattery’sDC

chargingvoltage.Anoptionalpowerlinecommunication(PLC)tocommu-nicatewiththecharginginfrastructurecanbeimplementedaswell.ThissetupdemandsahighnumberofPWMandADCchannels,alongwithpowerfulCPUperformance.

Piccolo

High-Voltage Battery

CT

Sync

A1A1B2A2B

B

C

D

Piccolo

VOUT

VBUS

IOS

CPU

32-BitDSP Core

40/60 MHz

ADC

12 -Bit4.6 MSPS

I2CSPI

UARTCAN

Comms

CPU

32-BitDSP Core

40/60 MHz

I2CSPI

UART

Comms

I/OIPFC

VBOOST

VRECT

IOS

VOUTVBUSDCBUS

E

F

IPHA

IPHB

IPHC

IPHD

EF

HS + LSDRV

HS + LSDRV

VREF

HS + LSDRV

PWM1

PWM2

PWM3

PWM4ADC

12-Bit4.6 MSPS

PWM1

PWM2

PWM4

VREF

L8DRV

C

D

1A

1B

2A

2B

A

B

VRECT VBOOST

95-275 VAC

IPFC

IPBA

IPBB

IPBC

IPBD

Filte

r

• Complete,low-powerrectifierdevelopmentplatformforprototyping communicationssystems• AC/DCEVMwithinterleavedpowerfactorcorrection(PFC)andphase-shifted fullbridge• Primarysidecontrol,synchronousrectification,peakcurrent-modecontrol, two-phasePFCwithcurrentbalancing• Containsan80-W(max)systemthatusesatwo-phaseinterleavedPFCfrontend andaphase-shiftedfull-bridgerectifierstage• IncludesF2808controlCARD™controllersubsystem• Availablefor$695• Orderpartnumber:TMDSACDCKIT

Key Features• Upto128-KBflash,20-KBRAM• AllnewCLA:independent,floating- pointprocessingunitwithdirectaccess toADCandPWMsenablesparallel controlloopexecution• AdditionalthreeePWMmodules (sixPWMoutputs)• Quadratureencoderinterface(eQEP)• Threeon-chipcomparators

• Addedcommunication ports–CAN2.0Bwith upto16mailboxes,LIN/ UARTandadditionalSPI• Packages:64-pinTQFP, 80-pinLQFP



AC/DC Applications

15

➔

Piccolo MCU family overview


Why Piccolo™ MCUs?ThePiccoloF2802x/F2803xfamilyofC2000™MCUsprovidesalow-cost,high-integrationsolutiontohelpdriveprocessor-intensivereal-timecontrolintocost-sensitiveapplications.Withahostofindustry-leadingintegratedmodules,

suchasapowerfulADC,dedicatedhigh-resolutionPWMsandtheuniquecontrollawaccelerator(CLA),PiccoloMCUsareidealforpowerconversioninelectricvehicles.Formorecomplexsystems,likethosewithintegratedpower

Piccolo MCUsF2802x vs. F2803xTMS320F2803xincludesthesameC28x™DSPcore,enhancedhigh-resolutionPWMtechnologyandhigh-speedADC,butcombinesmorefeaturesandadditionalmemory.Getsamples,datasheets,EVMsandappreportsat:www.ti.com/piccolo.

PWM1 PWM - 1A

TZ1

A0

AB

PWM2 AB

PWM3 AB

PWM4

12-bit4.6 MSPSDual S/HAuto Seq

C28 Core32 bit - 60 MHz

TempSensor

Flash 128 KB

RAM 14 KB

-

RAM 6 KB(Dual Access)

CLA Core60-MHz F1tPt(Accelerator)

ADC

AB

TZ2TZ3CMP1 - OUTCMP2 - OUT

CMP1 - OUT

System

CMP2 - OUT

AnalogComparators

QEP

CMP3 - OUT

A1

VREF LoVREF Hi

A2A3A4A5A6A7B0B1B2B3B4B5B6B7

X1X2

PWR

GND

PWM - 1BPWM - 2APWM - 2BPWM - 3APWM - 3BPWM - 4APWM - 4B

4

6

2

ECAP

PWM5 AB

PWM6 AB

PWM7 AB

PWM - 2APWM - 2BPWM - 3APWM - 3BPWM - 4APWM - 4B

TripZoneLogic

QEP

CAP

WD

PLLGPIO

Control

Comms

4

5

4

6

CMP3 - OUT

UART x2

SPI x2

I2C2

CAN

Ch 1

1A1B

2A2B

3A3B

Ch 2

Ch 16

Piccolo

CLA60-MHz F1tPtAccelerator

ADC12-Bit

4-6 MSPS

C2832-Bit Core

60 MHz

PWM1

PWM2

PWM3+–

+–

+–

Timers - 32-bitTimers - 0Timers - 1Timers - 2

VREGInt-OSC-1Int-OSC-2Ext-OSC-2POR/BOR

VREF

DAC10 bit

DAC10 bit

–DAC10 bit

Benefit Enabling Feature

Improved system efficiency/accuracy • High-performance C28xTM DSP core supports adaptive control algorithms for efficiency across load curve• High-resolution 150-ps PWM modules and high-speed on-chip ADC

Added functions/features • Communication with outside systems: CAN, LIN, I2C, UART, SPI• Multiple PWMs allow multiple DC output rails

Better R&D efficiency • Software control adaptable to multiple topologies and power ratingsIncreased reliability • Digital control can adapt to environmental conditions and be recalibrated in software

• Software can implement failure prediction

linecommunication,severaladditionalfamilymembersoftheC2000familyareavailable,offeringfloating-pointperformanceupto300MHzandhigh-performanceperipheralslikea12.5-MSPS12-bitADC.Formoreinformation,visit www.ti.com/c2000.

DeviceSpeed (MHz) DMA CLA

RAM (KB)

Flash (KB)

ROM (KB)

PWM

ChannelsHiRes PWM

Quadrature Encoder

Event Captures Timers*

12-Bit ADC Channels/ Conversion Time (ns) McBSP I2C

UART/SCI SPI Lin CAN

External Memory

Bus (Bit)

Core Supply (Volts)

GPIO Pins

On-Chip Oscillator/Regulator Package

Piccolo™ MCUsTMS320F28022DAQ 50 — — 12 32 Boot 9 4 — 1 9 7/ 325 — 1 1 1 — — — 3.3 20 Yes / Yes 38TSSOPTMS320F28022PTQ 50 — — 12 32 Boot 9 4 — 1 9 13/ 325 — 1 1 1 — — — 3.3 22 Yes / Yes 48LQFP

TMS320F28023DAQ 50 — — 12 64 Boot 9 4 — 1 9 7/ 325 — 1 1 1 — — — 3.3 20 Yes / Yes 38TSSOPTMS320F28023PTQ 50 — — 12 64 Boot 9 4 — 1 9 13/ 325 — 1 1 1 — — — 3.3 22 Yes / Yes 48LQFPTMS320F28026DAQ 60 — — 12 32 Boot 9 4 — 1 9 7/ 217 — 1 1 1 — — — 3.3 20 Yes / Yes 38TSSOPTMS320F28026PTQ 60 — — 12 32 Boot 9 4 — 1 9 13/ 217 — 1 1 1 — — — 3.3 22 Yes / Yes 48LQFPTMS320F28027DAQ 60 — — 12 64 Boot 9 4 — 1 9 7/ 217 — 1 1 1 — — — 3.3 20 Yes / Yes 38TSSOPTMS320F28027PTQ 60 — — 12 64 Boot 9 4 — 1 9 13/ 217 — 1 1 1 — — — 3.3 22 Yes / Yes 48LQFPTMS320F28030PAGQ 60 — — 12 32 Boot 13 — 1 1 11 14/ 500 — 1 1 1 1 1 — 3.3 33 Yes / Yes 64TQFPTMS320F28030PNQ 60 — — 12 32 Boot 15 — 1 1 12 16/ 500 — 1 1 2 1 1 — 3.3 45 Yes / Yes 80LQFPTMS320F28031PAGQ 60 — — 16 64 Boot 13 — 1 1 11 14/ 500 — 1 1 1 1 1 — 3.3 33 Yes / Yes 64TQFPTMS320F28031PNQ 60 — — 16 64 Boot 15 — 1 1 12 16/ 500 — 1 1 2 1 1 — 3.3 45 Yes / Yes 80LQFPTMS320F28032PAGQ 60 — — 20 64 Boot 13 6 1 1 11 14/ 217 — 1 1 1 1 1 — 3.3 33 Yes / Yes 64TQFPTMS320F28032PNQ 60 — — 20 64 Boot 15 7 1 1 12 16/ 217 — 1 1 2 1 1 — 3.3 45 Yes / Yes 80LQFPTMS320F28034PAGQ 60 — — 20 128 Boot 13 6 1 1 11 14/ 217 — 1 1 1 1 1 — 3.3 33 Yes / Yes 64TQFPTMS320F28034PNQ 60 — — 20 128 Boot 15 7 1 1 12 16/ 217 — 1 1 2 1 1 — 3.3 45 Yes / Yes 80LQFPTMS320F28033PAGQ 60 — Yes 20 64 Boot 13 6 1 1 11 14/ 217 — 1 1 1 1 1 — 3.3 33 Yes / Yes 64TQFPTMS320F28033PNQ 60 — Yes 20 64 Boot 15 7 1 1 12 16/ 217 — 1 1 2 1 1 — 3.3 45 Yes / Yes 80LQFPTMS320F28035PAGQ 60 — Yes 20 128 Boot 13 6 1 1 11 14/ 217 — 1 1 1 1 1 — 3.3 33 Yes / Yes 64TQFPTMS320F28035PNQ 60 — Yes 20 128 Boot 15 7 1 1 12 16/ 217 — 1 1 2 1 1 — 3.3 45 Yes / Yes 80LQFP



Two-Phase Interleaved Constant Current Mode (CCM) Power Factor Correction (PFC) Controller

16

➔

20DMAX

RT

SS

GND

GDB

VCC

GDA

VREF

CAOA

CAOB

CDRCCDR

12 V to 21 V

To CSB

To CSA

RRDM

RDMX

RRT

CSS

From Ixfirms

RIMO

CZV

CPV

RZV

RPK1 CREF

CPC CPC

CZC CZC

VOUT

RA

RB

RS

RS

COUT

D1

T1

T2

M2

M1

D2

L1

L2

RPK2 RZC RZC

RSYNRB

RA

RDM

VAO

VSENSE

VINAC

IMO

RSYNTH

CSB

CSA

PKLMT

UCC28070

19

18

17

16

15

14

13

12

11

1

3

4

7

8

10

2

5

6

9

+

–

UCC28070

Getsamples,datasheets,EVMsandappreportsat:www.ti.com/sc/device/UCC28070

TheUCC28070isanadvancedPFCdevicethatintegratestwopulse-widthmodula-tors(PWMs)operating180degreesoutofphase.ThisinterleavedPWMoperationgeneratessubstantialreductionintheinputandoutputripplecurrents,andtheconductedEMIfilteringbecomeseasierandlessexpensive.Asignificantlyimprovedmultiplierdesignprovidesasharedcurrentreferencetotwoindependentcurrentamplifiers,ensuringmatchedaveragecurrent-modecontrolinbothPWMoutputswhilemaintainingastable,low-distortionsinusoidalinputlinecurrent.

TheUCC28070containsmultipleinnovations,includingcurrentsynthesisandquantizedvoltagefeed-forwardtopromoteperformanceenhancementsinPF,efficiency,THDandtransientresponse.Featuresincludingfrequencydithering,clocksynchronizationandslew-rateenhancementfurtherexpandthepotentialperformance.

TheUCC28070alsocontainsavarietyofprotectionfeatures,includingoutputovervoltagedetection,programmablepeak-currentlimit,undervoltagelockoutandopen-loopprotection.

Key Features• Interleavedaveragecurrent-modePWM controlwithinherentcurrentmatching• Advancedcurrentsynthesizercurrent sensingforsuperiorefficiency• Highlylinearmultiplieroutputwithinternal quantizedvoltagefeed-forwardcorrection fornear-unityPF• Programmablefrequency (10kHzto300kHz)• Programmablemaximumduty-cycleclamp• Programmablefrequencyditheringrateand magnitudeforenhancedEMIreduction• Magnitude:3kHzto30kHz• Rate:upto30kHz• Externalclocksynchronizationcapability• Enhancedloadandlinetransientresponse throughvoltageamplifieroutputslew-rate correction• Programmablepeak-currentlimiting• Bias-supplyUVLO,overvoltageprotection, open-loopdetectionandPFC-enable monitoring• ExternalPFC-disableinterface• Open-circuitprotectiononVSENSEand VINACpins• Programmablesoftstart• 20-leadTSSOP/SOICpackage


Motor Control

Introduction to DC/AC for Inverter Motor Control

17

➔

TheinverterwilldrivetheelectricmotorforfullyelectricoperationinfullhybridsandEVs,butalsofortorqueassistinamildhybridcarconcept.Thiscanbedonewithasinglemotorpositionedtodriveoneaxis,butalsobyusing

in-wheelmotorstoindividuallydriveeachwheelofthecar.Theusedmicrocon-trollerhastomeetstrictsafetyrequire-ments,asnotonlythedrivingbutalsorecuperativebrakingarecontrolledviathisunit.Inaddition,thePWM’soutput

signalsandsensinginputshavetobecontrolled,stillembeddedintheover-allsafetyconcept.LikewithanyotherelementintheHEV/EVspace,isolationisspecificallyimportantintheinvertermodule.

Legend

InterfaceProcessor

Power

AmplifierADC

ADC

Current Sense

ADC

DigitalIsolator

MCU(TMS570 or

C2000)

CAN

ADC IsolatedDC/DC

Converter

GateDriver

Core Supply

I/O Supply

CAN

Supervisor

Reference

Isolation

TempSensor

High-VoltageBattery

Roto

r Pos

ition


Motor Control18

➔

TheTMS570microcontrollerfamilyenablescustomerstoeasilybuildsafety-relatedautomotiveapplications,withupto160MHzoffloating-pointperformanceandanintegratedsafetyconcept.AwidechoiceofcommunicationperipheralslikeCAN,FlexRayandLIN,incombinationwithapowerfultimercoprocessormodule(HET),makesthefamilyaflexiblesolutionforsafety-criticalcontrolapplications.TheTMS570familyisspecificallydesignedtomeetIEC61508SIL3forsafety-criticalapplicationslikeHEV/EV.ASIL3certificateandtherequireddocumentationareavailable.AdualCPUlocksteparchitecturesimplifiesdevelopmentwhileeliminatingredundantsystemrequirementstoreducecost.CPUhardwarebuilt-inselftest(BIST)detectslatentdefectswithoutcomplexsafetydriversorcodesizeoverhead.HardwarecomparisonofCPUoutputsprovidesexceptionalsafetyresponsetimewithoutadditionalsoftwareoverhead.AnenhancedECClogicisintegratedintheCPUtoprotectbothmemoriesandbuses.AllmemoriescanbetestedusinghardwareBISTforhighdiagnosticcoverage,whileanintegratedmemoryprotectionunit(MPU)protectsagainstdeterministicerrorsinapplicationsoftware.

The Safe TI MicrocontrollerTMS570

Key Features• ARMCortex-R4FCPU• Upto160MHzwithfloating-point support• DualCPUsinlockstep

Memory• Flash:2MBwithECCprotection• RAM:160KBwithECCprotection• Roadmapfrom768KBto4MBflash

Peripheral Highlights• FlexRaywith8-KBmessageRAM• ThreeCANinterfaces• ThreemultibufferedSPIs(MibSPI)• TwoUARTs–bothwithLIN2.1• Two12-bitbufferedADCs(MibADC)• Flexibletimermodulewithupto 32channels• Traceandcalibrationinterfaces• Packages:144QFP,337nFBGA (16x16mm)

www.ti.com/tms570

TMS570 Evaluation Kit – Available 2Q10 ($695)Software:• CodeComposerStudio™v4.1IDE• PeripheraldriverswithGUIinterface• FlashprogrammingintegratedintoCode• ComposerStudioIDE• HETGUI/simulator/assemblerwith SynaptiCADWaveViewer• Demoproject/codeexamples

Hardware:• SeparateCPUcardandI/Ocard (transceivers/sensorI/F)• XDS100emulatoronboard• Connectorsfortraceandcalibration interfaces

Third-party support:• Varietyofreal-timeOSs andAutoSARRTE/MCAL driversavailable

Preview


The Analog Foundation 19

➔

19

➔

Device Description AEC-Q100 status

Automotive signal chain

INA19xA-Q1 -16-V to 80-V common-mode-range current shunt monitors Qualified

INA213A-Q1 Voltage output, bidirectional zero-drift series current shunt monitor Qualified

INA333 Micro-power, zero-drift, rail-to-rail out instrumentation amplifier Preview

OPA365 2.2-V, 50-MHz, low-noise, single-supply rail-to-rail operational amplifiers Preview

TLV3502-Q1 4.5-ns rail-to-rail high-speed comparator Qualified

LM2902/4-Q1 Operational amplifier Qualified

LM2901/3-Q1 Differential comparator Qualified

TL4050yxx-Q1 Precision micropower shunt voltage reference Qualified

TMP12x 1.5°C accurate programmable temperature sensor with SPI interface Preview

TPS380xx-Q1 Supply voltage supervisors Qualified

Automotive power management – DC/DC converter, LDO

TPS54x0-Q1 1-A/2-A/3-A/5-A wide-input-range step-down SWIFT™ converter Qualified

TPS54362-Q1 Low Iq 3-A step-down converter Qualified

TPS54160-Q1 3.5-V to 60-V, 1.5-A step-down SWIFT™ converter with Eco-Mode Qualified

TPS40090-Q1 2-, 3-, or 4-phase programmable synchronous buck controller that is optimized for low-voltage, high-current application Qualified

TLE4275-Q1 5-V low-dropout voltage regulator Qualified

Automotive power management – PWM controller

UCC2895-Q1 BiCMOS advanced phase-shift PWM controller Qualified

UC2856-Q1 Improved current-mode PWM controller Qualified

UC2825A-Q1 High-speed PWM controller Qualified

UC2843-Q1 Current-mode PWM controller Qualified

UCC2813-Q1 Low-power BICMOS current-mode PWM Qualified

TPS40210-Q1 Wide-input-range current-mode boost controller Qualified

UCC280x-Q1 Automotive catalog low-power BiCMOS current-mode PWM Qualified

UCC28220-Q1 Dual interleaved PWM controller with programmable max duty cycle Qualified

UCC2808A-2-Q1 Low-power current-mode push-pull PWM Qualified

Automotive gate driver

TPS2811/2/3 Dual high-speed MOSFET drivers Preview

TPS2829-Q1 High-speed MOSFET driver Qualified

TPS2816/7/8/9 High-speed MOSFET driver with active pullup and internal regulator Preview

UCC27200/1-Q1 120-V boot, 3-A peak, high-frequency, high-side/low-side driver Qualified

UCC27323/5-Q1 Dual 4-A peak high-speed low-side power MOSFET drivers Qualified

UCC27423/4/5-Q1 Dual 4-A high-speed low-side MOSFET drivers with enable Qualified

UCC27321/2/4-Q1 Single 9-A peak high-speed low-side power MOSFET drivers Qualified

Automotive digital isolators

ISO721-Q1 Single 100-Mbps digital isolator Qualified

ISO7221C-Q1 Dual-channel, 25-Mbps digital isolator Qualified

ISO72401/1-Q1 Quad-channel, 25-Mbps digital isolator Preview

Automotive CAN interface

SN65HVDA1050A-Q1 EMC-optimized high-speed CAN transceiver Qualified

SN65HVDA1040A-Q1 EMC-optimized high-speed CAN transceiver Qualified

SN65HVDA540-Q1 CAN transceiver 5-V to 3.3-V MCU interface Preview

SN65HVDA541-Q1 CAN transceiver 5-V to 3.3-V MCU interface, wake-up Preview

ISO1050 Isolated CAN transceiver Preview

Texas Instruments offers a wide range of devices specifically fitted for the use in the HEV/EV space. Please check www.ti.com for the latest device announcements.

Analog Overview


The Analog Foundation20

➔

Isolated CAN TransceiverISO1050

Getsamples,datasheets,EVMsandappreportsat:www.ti.com/sc/device/ISO1050

Key Features• 4,000-VPEAKisolation• Failsafeoutputs• Lowloopdelay:150-ns(typical)• 50-kV/µs(typical)transientimmunity meetsorexceedsISO11898 requirements• Bus-faultprotectionof-27Vto40V• Dominanttimeoutfunction• UL1577,IEC60747-5-2(VDE0884, Rev.2),IEC61010-1,IEC60950-1and CSAapprovalpending• 3.3-Vinputsare5-Vtolerant• Typical25-yearlifeatratedworking voltage

TheISO1050isagalvanicallyisolatedCANtransceiverthatmeetsorexceedsthespecificationsoftheISO11898standard.Thedevicehaslogicinputandoutputbuffersseparatedbyasiliconoxide(SiO2)insulationbarrierthatprovidesgalvanicisolationofupto4,000VPEAK.Usedinconjunctionwithisolatedpowersupplies,thedevicepreventsnoisecurrentsonadatabusorothercircuitsfromenteringthelocalgroundandinterferingwithordamagingsensitivecircuitry.

AsaCANtransceiver,thedeviceprovidesdifferentialtransmitcapabilitytothebusanddifferentialreceivecapabilitytoaCANcontrolleratsignalingratesupto1Mbps.Designedforoperationinespeciallyharshenvironments,thedevicefeaturescrosswire,overvoltageandlossofgroundprotectionfrom-27Vto40Vandover-temperatureshutdown,aswellasa-12-Vto12-Vcommon-moderange.

VCC1

RXDTXD

GND1

VCC2

CANHCANLGND2

DUB packageFunctional diagram

1

2

3

4

8

7

6

8Galv

anic

Isol

atio

n

RXD

CANHCANL

TXD

ISO72x – Isolation

The problem• No endurance–existingisolationdevices havealifeexpectancyofonlyseven totenyears.• No high speed or precision–existing isolationdevices–lowspeed,highskew, highjitterandhighpulsedistortion.• No high temp–existingisolationdevices cannotoperateat150Mbpsat125°C. Onlyafewcanoperateat>100°C atanyspeed.• Low EMI immunity –existinghigh-speed isolatorsaresusceptibletoEMI interference.

The solution• TheTIintegratedSiO2isolationbarrier technologyprovidesthefastest, highestprecision,highesttemp,high EMIimmunityandlongestlifesolution.

OUT

Preview

The Analog Foundation 21

➔


21

➔

Dual-Channel, 1/1, 25-Mbps Digital IsolatorISO7221Cxx

Getsamples,datasheets,EVMsandappreportsat:www.ti.com/sc/device/ISO7221Cxx

Key Features• Qualifiedforautomotiveapplications• 1-Mbpsand25-Mbpssignalingrateoptions• Lowchannel-to-channeloutputskew 1 ns (max)• Lowpulse-widthdistortion(PWD) 1 ns (max)• Lowjittercontent:1ns(typical)at 150Mbps• 25-year(typical)lifeatratedvoltage (seeapplicationreportSLLA197and Figure14)• 4,000-VPEAKisolation,560-VPEAKVIORM• UL1577,IEC60747-5-2(VDE0884, Rev2),IEC61010-1,IEC60950-1and CSAapproved• 50-kV/µstypicaltransientimmunity• Operateswith3.3-Vor5-Vsupplies• 4-kVESDprotection• Highelectromagneticimmunity• -40°Cto125°Coperatingfree-air temperaturerange

IN

VCC1

INAINB

GND1

VCC2

OUTAOUTBGND2

FIlter

Pulse Width Demodulation

OSC+

PWM

Galvanic IsolationBarrier

Single-Channel Functional Diagram

DC Channel

ISO7220

OUT

Data MUXAC Detect

Output Buffer

Input+

Filter

VREF

VREF

1

2

3

4

8

7

6

8

Isol

atio

n

VCC1

OUTAINB

GND1

VCC2

INAOUTBGND2

ISO7221

1

2

3

4

8

7

6

8

Isol

atio

n

IN

VCC1

INAINB

GND1

VCC2

OUTAOUTBGND2

FIlter

Pulse Width Demodulation

OSC+

PWM

Galvanic IsolationBarrier

Single-Channel Functional Diagram

DC Channel

ISO7220

OUT

Data MUXAC Detect

Output Buffer

Input+

Filter

VREF

VREF

1

2

3

4

8

7

6

8

Isol

atio

n

VCC1

OUTAINB

GND1

VCC2

INAOUTBGND2

ISO7221

1

2

3

4

8

7

6

8

Isol

atio

n

TheISO7220andISO7221aredual-channeldigitalisolators.TofacilitatePCBlayout,thechannelsareorientedinthesamedirectionintheISO7220andinoppositedirectionsintheISO7221.ThesedeviceshavealogicinputandoutputbufferseparatedbyTI’ssilicon-dioxide(SiO2)isolationbarrier,providinggalvanicisolationofupto4,000V.Usedinconjunctionwithisolatedpowersupplies,thesedevicesblockhighvoltage,isolategrounds,andpreventnoisecurrentsonadatabusorothercircuitsfromenteringthelocalgroundandinterferingwithordamagingsensitivecircuitry.

Abinaryinputsignalisconditioned,translatedtoabalancedsignal,thendifferentiatedbythecapacitiveisolationbarrier.Acrosstheisolationbarrier,adifferentialcomparatorreceivesthelogictransitioninformation,thensetsorresetsaflip-flopandtheoutputcircuitaccordingly.AperiodicupdatepulseissentacrossthebarriertoensuretheproperDCleveloftheoutput.IfthisDCrefreshpulseisnotreceivedevery4 µs,theinputisassumedtobeunpoweredornotbeingactivelydriven,andthefailsafecircuitdrivestheoutputtoalogichighstate.

Thesmallcapacitanceandresultingtimeconstantprovidefastoperation,withsignalingratesavailablefrom0Mbps(DC)to25Mbps.Thesignalingrateofalineisthenumberofvoltagetransitionsthataremadepersecondexpressedintheunit’sBPS(bitspersecond).TheA-optionandC-optiondeviceshaveTTLinputthresholdsandanoisefilterattheinputthatpreventstransientpulsesfrombeingpassedtotheoutputofthedevice.

Thesedevicesrequiretwosupplyvoltagesof3.3V,5Voranycombination.Allinputsare5-Vtolerantwhensuppliedfroma3.3-Vsupplyandalloutputsare4-mACMOS.

Digital Isolator Selection Guide

DeviceNo. of

ChannelsChannel

ConfigurationInsulation Rating

(VRMS)Supply Voltage

(V)Data Rate

(Mbps)ESD(kV)

Operating Temp Range (°C) Package

AutoQual (Q1)

ISO721-Q1 1 1/0 2500 3.3, 5.0 100 4 -40 to 125 8/SO Y

ISO722x-Q1 2 2/0, 1/1 2500 3.3, 5.0 1, 5, 25 4 -40 to 125 8/SO Y

ISO724x-Q1 4 4/0, 3/1, 2/2 2500 3.3, 5.0 1, 25 4 -40 to 125 16/SO Y


The Analog Foundation22

➔

Isolated ADC (1-Bit, 10-MHz, Second-Order, Isolated Delta-Sigma Modulator)AMC1203Getsamples,datasheets,EVMsandappreportsat:www.ti.com/sc/device/AMC1203

MDAT

VIN+

VIN-

POR

2.5VVREF

BIASPOR

OutputBuffer

2nd OrderΑΣ Modulator

Isolation Barrier

MCLKOutputBuffer

20-MHzRC

Oscillator

Inte

rfac

e Ci

rcui

t

VREF

VREF

Buffer

TheAMC1203isa1-bit,10-MHz,isolateddelta-sigmamodulatorwithanoutputbufferseparatedfromtheinputinterfacecircuitrybyasilicondioxide(SiO2)isolationbarrier.Thisbarrierprovidesgalvanicisolationofupto4,000VPEAK.Usedinconjunctionwithisolatedpowersupplies,thesedevicespreventnoisecurrentsonadatabusorothercircuitsfromenteringthelocalgroundandinterferingwithordamagingsensitivecircuitry.

TheAMC1203modulatoroperatesfroma+5-Vsupplywithadynamicrangeof95dB.Thedifferentialinputsareidealfordirectconnectiontoshuntresistorsorotherlow-levelsignalsources.Withtheappropriatedigitalfilterandmodulatorrate,thedevicecanbeusedtoachieve16-bitanalog-to-digital(A/D)conversionwithnomissingcodes.Aneffectiveresolutionof14bitsandanSNRof85dB(typical)canbemaintainedwithasinc3filterthathasadecimationratioof256.

Themodulatoroutputistranslatedtoabalancedsignalandthentransferredbythecapacitiveisolationbarrier.Acrosstheisolationbarrier,adifferentialcomparatorreceivesthelogictransitioninformation,andthensetsorresetsaflip-flopandtheoutputcircuitaccordingly.

Key Features• 16-bitresolution• SNR:80.5-dBmin• THD:-88dBmax(AMC1203B)• ±280-mVinputrangewith+5-Vsupply• Internal2.5-Vreferencevoltage:1% accuracy• Gainerror:±1%(AMC1203B)• UL1577,IEC60747-5-2(VDE0884, Rev.2)andIEC61010-1approved• Isolation:4,000VPEAK• Workingvoltage:560V• Transientimmunity:15kV/µs

1VCC1

2VIA

3VIB

4GND15MODE06MODE17DT8GND1

16

15

14

11

10

9

VDDA

Functional Diagram

IsolationBarrier

VOA

GNDA

VOB

VDDB

GNDB

Enco

der

Deco

der

High Side

Enco

der

Deco

der

Low Side

ISO55xx – Isolated Gate Driver Family (ISO5520/21 Shown)

ISO5520/5521• 15-KV/µsminimumtransientimmunity• Configurablehalf-bridge/dualdrivers• Cross-conductionprotection

• Programmabledeadtimecontrol• Undervoltagelockoutprotection

ISO5520• VO:15-30V,35V(max)

ISO5521• VO:10-30V,35V(max)• tpHL:80-nstypical,Tr/Tf:50-ns typical• IO:2.5A(peak)

ISO5513(UVLO = 9 V)

ISO5512(ULO = 14 V)

ISO5511(UVLO = 9 V)

ISO5510(UVLO = 14 V)

SeparateNch, Pch

OUT

ISO5501

ISO5500

Part No:ISO55xx

SoftTurn OffOption

BlankingTime

Adjust

StandardFeatures

Features

Safety DESAT protection, FAULT indicator, UVLO

-40 to 125°C, tP, LH(max) = 150 ns, PWD(max) = 25 ns

Reinforced insulation of 6 KV, high EM immunity,high lifetime

Drop in for HCPL 316J

High Performance

Ease of Use

Robust

Preview

Preview


Charging Infrastructure

Charging Infrastructure – Connecting the Car to the Smart Power Grid

23

➔

23

➔

Thecharginginfrastructureconnectsthecartothesmartpowergrid.Thecostfortheindividualchargingspothastobebalancedwiththeadditionalexpansioncapabilitiesonthecommunicationside.Theobviouschoiceforcommunicationisawiredsystemviathechargingcable,wherepowerlinecommunicationisawidelyusedmethod.Inthatareaseveralactivitiesforstandardizationareongoingattheutilitiesside.

Application ProcessorStellaris® Cortex MS/

MSP430

TMS320F28xxFlexible, 32-BitPLC Controller

Power Line Communication Modem (PLC)

Wide Area Network

Application Processor

Wireless Communication(858-/900-MHz ISM)

Home Area Network (HAN)Wireless Communication

Interface Options

Antenna

Antenna

CC25xx802.15.4 SoCRadio, MCU

WiredInterface(RS485)

EnforaGSM/GPRS

Module

Pre-PaymentRFID

(Wireless)

RF FrontEnd

CC11xx/CC430ISM-Band SoC

Radio, MCU Matching Circuit

MSP430TM

E-Meter SoCMCU, RTC, LCD

Legend

InterfaceProcessor

PowerAmplifier

EmbeddedSignal

Processor

PWMAC/DC

SystemPower

PWMTX

ADCRX

Metrology

NBR1

L

ISENSE

VSENSE

10,980.4

TexasInstrumentsisactivelyinvolvedinthisareaandoffersanddevelopssolutionsforSFSKandnarrowbandOFDMsystemsfortheCENELECAandBband,withOFDMstandardslikePRIME/G3.WearealsoinvestigatingHomePlugGreenPhy.

TheTMS320F28xmicrocontrollerfamilyisaflexibleplatformmeetingthesestandards,withreferencedesignsavailable.

OtheroptionslikeRFcommunicationusingZigBee®orISMbandsolutionsareavailable.Forcustomeridentificationandprepaymentoptionsatthechargingspot,RFIDsystemsareavailable.Themeteringfunctionforsingle-phaseuptocomplexthree-phasesolutionscanberealizedwithsingle-chipsolutionsoutoftheMSP430™MCUfamily.Formoreinformation,seewww.ti.com/metering.


Charging Infrastructure

PLC Kit Using the TMS320F28335

24

➔

ThePLCkitfortheTMS320F28xoffersacompleteevaluationsystem:• PRIME/narrowbandOFDMPHY (IEC/SFSKPLCbandA/Bavailable)• Digitalbasebandalgorithms implementedinTIF28x microcontrollerarefullyautomotive- qualifiedandsupporton-chipCAN —Analogfilters,linedriverand variablegainampimplemented ondaughtercard —Flexible,low-costsolutionto supportstandardevolutions

Power Line

SurgeProtector

HV Cap

CouplingTransformer

PWMOut

–

+

–

+

FlexiblePLC SWEngine

12-bitADC

Line Driver

TMS320F28x

Receive Filter

TI’snewCC2530isatruesystem-on-chipsolutiontailoredforIEEE802.15.4,ZigBee,ZigBeeRF4CEandsmartenergyapplications.Withitslargeflashmemoryofupto256KB,theCC2530isidealforZigBeeProapplications.The64-KBandupversionssupportthenewRemoTI™networkprotocolstackforZigBeeRF4CE,whichistheindustry’sfirstZigBeeRF4CE-compliantprotocolstack.Larger

ZigBee® RF Using the CC2530 System-on-Chip➔

memorysizesallowforon-chip,over-the-air-downloadtosupportin-systemreprogramming.

Additionally,theCC2530combinesafullyintegrated,high-performanceRFtransceiverwithan8051MCU,8-KBofRAM,32-/64-/128-/256-KBofflashmemoryandotherpowerfulsupportingfeaturesandperipherals.Formoreinformation,seewww.ti.com/zigbee.

—Fieldandlabtestedfor robustnessinharshoperating environments• SoftwarecomeswithintheTI plcSUITEwithAPIand documentationsupportingPRIME PHY/MACandconvergencelayer• ToorderthereferencedesignPLC kit,sendane-mailto [email protected]


E-Bike, Scooter and Small Task-Oriented Vehicles (STOVs) 25

➔

Electrictransportationisnotonlyrelevantforcars,butalreadyusedinmanymillionsofsimpletask-orientedvehiclesaroundtheworld.Thesystemsaremorebasiccomparedtothoseonthehybridandelectriccarside,butconsistofthesamefunctionalblocks.

OptionalIsolation

Motor Power(from Battery)

SystemPower

GateDrivers

ClockRelay

Drivers

TemperatureSensor

Backlight

AC/DC Converterwith Green Mode

Controller

BatteryCharger

Optional

Optional

SpeedometerBattery Status

Plug

AC Line

BatteryProtection

FuelGauge

Core and I/OPower

Temperature Sensor Battery Management

Controller

GPIO

SensorControl

LCD

SDRAM

Horn

Brake

Throttle

Brake Light / Headlight

Directionals

Shunt Signal Conditioning and Comparators

Pedal Rotation

Formotorcontrol,thePiccolo™MCUfamilyisagoodchoice,offeringthecombinationofapowerfulCPUenginewiththerequiredPWMandADCcapabilitiesforthecontrolloopataneconomicalpricepoint.Thebatterysystemsaretypicallyoperatingatlower

voltageswithlesscells,sointegratedsolutionslikethebq77PL900managingandprotectingasmanyas10cellsareagoodfit.

E-Bike, Scooter and Small Task-Oriented Vehicles


E-Bike, Scooter and Small Task-Oriented Vehicles (STOVs)26

➔

Key Features• Five-,six-,seven-,eight-,nine-or 10-seriescellprimaryprotection• PMOSFETdriveforchargeand dischargeFETs• Capableofoperationwith1-mΩ senseresistor• Supplyvoltagerangefrom7Vto50V• Lowsupplycurrentof450µAtypical• Integrated5-V,25-mALDO• Standalonemode —Packprotectioncontrolandrecovery —Individualcellmonitoring —Integratedcellbalancing —Programmablethresholdanddelay timefor: —Overvoltage —Undervoltage —Overcurrentindischarge —Shortcircuitindischarge —Fixedovertemperatureprotection

Key Features• Three-to12-seriescellsystems• PowerPump™technologycellbalancing forlongerruntimeandcelllife• Supportsdischargecurrentlevelsof 10A,35Aand110A• Gauges65-650Ahrcapacitybatteries• Highresolution18-bitintegratingdelta- sigmaCoulombcounterforprecise charge-flowmeasurementsandgas gauging• Multipleindependentdelta-sigmaA/Ds: one-per-cellvoltage,plusseparate temperature,currentandsafety• Fullyprogrammablevoltage,current, balanceandtemperatureprotection• Remainingcapacityindicators:LCD, LED,EPD

ChargeFuse

Pack + Discharge

Pack –

PCH FET Drive

LDO, Thermal Output Drive

Overvoltage/Undervoltage Protection

Cell-Balance Drive

Overload Protection

Short-Circuit Protection

Serial Interface RAM Registers

bq77PL900

Sense Resistor

Integrated Gas Gauge, Protection and Active Cell Balancingbq78PL114

Getsamples,datasheets,EVMsandappreportsat:www.ti.com/sc/device/bq78PL114

RPRE

SD11

DSG

CHG

PRE

6

SDO0VLD01

RSTN

SPROT

GPIOEFCID

VLDO2

V2

V3

V4

P-LAN

SD02

SO13

V1

XTTemperatureSensor (typ.)

EFCID

SPI-CLKSPI-DOSPI-DI

SELECTSMBCLKSMBDAT

TAB

VSS

CBBA

TCC

BAT

CCPA

CK

CSPA

CK

RSENSE

CRA

PACK+

PACK–

Aux FETControl

SPI

SMBus

ESD

Prot

ectio

n

bq76

PL10

2

Cell-

Bala

ncin

gCi

rcui

tsCe

ll-Ba

lanc

ing

Circ

uits

Cell-

Bala

ncin

gCi

rcui

ts

bq76

PL10

2

bq78PL114

Level Shift Circuits

–

+

Standalone and Host-Controlled Battery Protectionbq77PL900Getsamples,datasheets,EVMsandappreportsat:www.ti.com/sc/device/bq77PL900

• Hostcontrolmode —I2Cinterfacetohost controller —Analoginterfacefor hostcellmeasure- mentandsystem charge/discharge current —Host-controlled protectionrecovery —Host-controlledcell balancing


E-Bike, Scooter and Small Task-Oriented Vehicles (STOVs)

Digital Motor Control for E-Bikes, Scooters and STOVs

27

➔

TheC2000™DSPplatformofreal-timecontrollershasbeentheindustryleaderindigitalmotorcontrolsincetheinceptionoftheTMS320F24xgenerationin1996.In2002wedebutedtheF281xseries,basedon

theC28x™DSPengine,becomingthefirst32-bitarchitecturespecificallybuiltforhigh-performance,math-intensivepowerelectronicscontrol.BasedontheC28xDSP,wehavecreatedafamilyofcode-compatible

devicestomeetapplicationneedsacrossperformance,price,pin-outandperipherals.Tofindoutmore,visit:www.ti.com/c2000dmc.

High-Voltage PFC and Motor Control Developer’s Kit

➔

• Piccolo™MCU-basedpowerfactor correction(PFC)andmotor controlintegratedintoone developmentplatform• Supportforthreebrushlessmotor types,ACinduction,permanent magnet• Synchronousmotor,brushless DCmotor• 1-kWmotordriverstage acceptingupto400V• 700-WPFCstage(line-levelAC input~110to~240VAC)

• Open-sourcesoftwareforpower factorcorrectionstage• Open-sourcesoftwareforcontrolof allthreemotortypes• Open-sourcehardware,including schematics,BOMandgerberfiles• Motorsofeachtypeavailable separatelydirectlyfromTI• Availablefor$599• Orderpartnumber: TMDSHVMTRPFCKIT

controlSuite™ Software

➔

OnestopforallC2000software:• Single,centralizedlocation• Intelligentinstallereliminatesthe searchfordependencies

Open,real-worldsystems:• Compilationof15yearsofsystems andapplicationsexpertise• Unique,optimizedlibrariesfor math,filtering,DSPandspecific applications,withcompletesystem examplesutilizingincrementalbuilds

•Allowsdeveloperstofocuson differentiation,notbasics

ProgramtheMCUyourway:•Significantlyreducedevelopment timewithhardwareabstraction andextensivelibraries•Fourinterusablelevelsofhardware abstraction

controlSuite™forC2000™microcontrollersisacohesivesetofinfrastructureandsoftwaretoolsdesignedtominimizesoftwaredevelopmenttime.Fromdevice-specificdriversandsupportsoftwaretocompletesystemexamplesinsophisticatedsystemapplications,controlSuitesoftwareprovideslibrariesandexamplesateverystageofdevelopmentandevaluation.controlSuitesoftwarecontainsafulldigitalmotorcontrollibraryaswellasmotorcontrolkits.Tofindoutmore,visit:www.ti.com/controlsuite.

Math Library

DSP Library

Application Library

Utilities

HardwarePackage

Bit Fields

API Drivers

Examples

IDE

RTOS

Emulation

SoftwareExamples

Complete SystemFrameworks

Graphical UserInterfaces

Device SupportLibrary

Repository Device Support Device SupportMotor Technique Type Feedback

ACIFOC Speed and Torque Tachometer

FOC Speed and Torque Sensorless

BLDC

Trapezoidal Speed Half EffectTrapezoidal Speed SensorlessSinusoidal Speed Half EffectSinusoidal Speed Sensorless

PMSMFOC Speed and Torque EncoderFOC Position EncoderFOC Speed and Torque Sensorless

Stepper Microstep Position SensorlessBrushed DirectDrive Speed and Position Encoder

Systems included or planned

controlSuite Support for Motor Control

PRSRTSTDU.S.POSTAGE

PAIDDALLAS,TEXAS

PERMITNO.2758

14950F.A.A.Blvd.FortWorth,Texas76155

Addressservicerequested

SZZA058

TI Worldwide Technical SupportInternetTI Semiconductor Product Information Center Home Pagesupport.ti.comTI E2E Community Home Pagee2e.ti.com

Product Information CentersAmericas Phone +1(972)644-5580

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EuropeanFreeCall 00800-ASK-TEXAS (0080027583927)

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Note:TheEuropeanFreeCall(TollFree)numberisnotactiveinallcountries.Ifyouhavetechnicaldifficultycallingthefreecallnumber,pleaseusetheinternationalnumberabove.

Fax +(49)(0)8161802045Internet support.ti.com/sc/pic/euro.htm

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[email protected] support.ti.com/sc/pic/asia.htm

B121709

Important Notice:TheproductsandservicesofTexasInstrumentsIncorporatedanditssubsidiariesdescribedhereinaresoldsubjecttoTI’sstandardtermsandconditionsofsale.CustomersareadvisedtoobtainthemostcurrentandcompleteinformationaboutTIproductsandservicesbeforeplacingorders.TIassumesnoliabilityforapplicationsassistance,customer’sapplicationsorproductdesigns,softwareperformance,orinfringementofpatents.Thepublicationofinformationregardinganyothercompany’sproductsorservicesdoesnotconstituteTI’sapproval,warrantyorendorsementthereof.

©2010TexasInstrumentsIncorporatedPrintedinU.S.A.by(Printer,City,State)

Theplatformbar,C2000,C28x,CodeComposerStudio,controlCARD,controlSuite,MSP430,PredictiveGateDrive,Piccolo,PowerPump,PowerTrain,RemoTI,StellarisandSWIFTaretrademarksofTexasInstruments.Allothertrademarksarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners.

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TI products are not authorized for use in safety-critical applications (such as life support) where a failure of the TI product would reasonablybe expected to cause severe personal injury or death, unless officers of the parties have executed an agreement specifically governingsuch use. Buyers represent that they have all necessary expertise in the safety and regulatory ramifications of their applications, andacknowledge and agree that they are solely responsible for all legal, regulatory and safety-related requirements concerning their productsand any use of TI products in such safety-critical applications, notwithstanding any applications-related information or support that may beprovided by TI. Further, Buyers must fully indemnify TI and its representatives against any damages arising out of the use of TI products insuch safety-critical applications.

TI products are neither designed nor intended for use in military/aerospace applications or environments unless the TI products arespecifically designated by TI as military-grade or "enhanced plastic." Only products designated by TI as military-grade meet militaryspecifications. Buyers acknowledge and agree that any such use of TI products which TI has not designated as military-grade is solely atthe Buyer's risk, and that they are solely responsible for compliance with all legal and regulatory requirements in connection with such use.

TI products are neither designed nor intended for use in automotive applications or environments unless the specific TI products aredesignated by TI as compliant with ISO/TS 16949 requirements. Buyers acknowledge and agree that, if they use any non-designatedproducts in automotive applications, TI will not be responsible for any failure to meet such requirements.

Following are URLs where you can obtain information on other Texas Instruments products and application solutions:

Products Applications

Amplifiers amplifier.ti.com Audio www.ti.com/audio

Data Converters dataconverter.ti.com Automotive www.ti.com/automotive

DLP® Products www.dlp.com Communications and www.ti.com/communicationsTelecom

DSP dsp.ti.com Computers and www.ti.com/computersPeripherals

Clocks and Timers www.ti.com/clocks Consumer Electronics www.ti.com/consumer-apps

Interface interface.ti.com Energy www.ti.com/energy

Logic logic.ti.com Industrial www.ti.com/industrial

Power Mgmt power.ti.com Medical www.ti.com/medical

Microcontrollers microcontroller.ti.com Security www.ti.com/security

RFID www.ti-rfid.com Space, Avionics & www.ti.com/space-avionics-defenseDefense

RF/IF and ZigBee® Solutions www.ti.com/lprf Video and Imaging www.ti.com/video

Wireless www.ti.com/wireless-apps

Mailing Address: Texas Instruments, Post Office Box 655303, Dallas, Texas 75265Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated

http://amplifier.ti.com

http://www.ti.com/audio

http://dataconverter.ti.com

http://www.ti.com/automotive

http://www.dlp.com

http://www.ti.com/communications

http://dsp.ti.com

http://www.ti.com/computers

http://www.ti.com/clocks

http://www.ti.com/consumer-apps

http://interface.ti.com

http://www.ti.com/energy

http://logic.ti.com

http://www.ti.com/industrial

http://power.ti.com

http://www.ti.com/medical

http://microcontroller.ti.com

http://www.ti.com/security

http://www.ti-rfid.com

http://www.ti.com/space-avionics-defense

http://www.ti.com/lprf

http://www.ti.com/video

http://www.ti.com/wireless-apps

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