hwh unit 5 chapter 6.4. “ under the consulate, france reverted to a form of enlightened...
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Napoleon
HWH UNIT 5CHAPTER 6.4
“Under the Consulate, France reverted to a form of enlightened despotism, and Bonaparte may be thought of as the last and most eminent of the enlightened despots.”
-Palmer, A History of the Modern World (389)
Born on Corsica in 1769 Rose quickly in the French military During the Revolution
A Jacobin Defeated the Austrians in Italy, 1795-1797 The “Whiff of Grapeshot” Egypt Campaign, 1797-98
Background
Abbé Siéyès
“Confidence from below, power from above”
Constitution of Year VIII (The Consulate) 1799-1804 3 Consuls Napoleon is “First Consul” Approved by plebiscite
The Coup d’état of 18 Brumaire
Tax Reform Amnesty to all parties in the
Revolution Invited Émigrés back Royalists and Jacobins in government
Domestic Reforms of the Consulate
The Lyceé
The Bank of France
Stabilized the economy Strong currency Stable lines of credit
The Concordat of 1801
“Careers Open to Talent”
The Legion of Honor
1802: Napoleon First Consul for Life
The Civil Code (Napoleonic Code), 1804
Solidified the ideas of the
Revolution Equality before the law Freedom of religion No feudalism or serfdom Protection of private property Fewer rights for women
The Napoleonic Code
Napoleon’s Police State
Joseph Fouche A former radical
Censorship Spies Equality for all No Democracy
War, and then peace
Defeated Austria, peace with Britain 1803: Europe at peace (first time in 11
years)
Foreign Policy Under the Consulate
Bonaparte Crossing the Alps by Paul Delaroche Musée du Louvre, Paris
Emperor Napoleon I (r. 1804-1814)
Napoleon’s Empire, 1805
The Battle of Trafalgar, October 1805
Battle of Austerlitz, December 1805
1806 Napoleon ends the Holy
Roman Empire Replaced by Confederation
of the Rhine Napoleon defeats Prussia
The Continental System
The Peninsular Campaign
Portugal violated the Continental System
Napoleon invaded Spain to get there Spain rose up
Rebellion lasted 5 years Inspired the rest of
Europe NATIONALISM
Second of May 1808 by Goya
Third of May, 1808 by Goya
The Invasion of Russia, 1812
Alexander disliked Napoleon’s power Continental System
Alexander withdraws in 1810 Grand Duchy of Warsaw
Army of 600,000 invades in summer of 1812
Russian Strategy: Scorched Earth
The Retreat from Moscow
The Battle of Nations [or Leipzig] (October 1813)
Napoleon Abdicates (April, 1814)
Exiled to Elba
Louis XVIII (r. 1814-1824)
The Hundred Days (March-June, 1815)
Napoleon escapes Elba
Raises an army Defeated at
Waterloo Duke of
Wellington
Napoleon’s Final Exile: St. Helena
