humi009 week1 summer · “sat-chit-ananda ” mythos of ... the four yogas groups in your own...
TRANSCRIPT
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D A Y 3
COMPARATIVE
RELIGIONS
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COMPLEXITY OF RELIGIONS:VARIOUS DIMENSIONS TO A RELIGIOUS LIFE
Experiential
The felt experience.
Doctrinal
The beliefs.
Ethical
How to act. Right and
wrong.
Social
Being with others.
Rituals/Practices
Repeated acts, often to worship or express
reverence.
Material
Architecture, art, sacred items.
Mythic
A culture’s foundational story of the nature of the human condition.
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OUR APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING
RELIGIONS
Understanding a religion is like working with a puzzle:
“Two men are found dead in their cabin in the woods. The forest around them has been burned down, but the cabin has not. How did they die?”
We need to focus on finding the proper context/mythos before we have any hope of really
understanding it.
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MYTHOS OF HINDUISM
BrahmanUltimate reality; underlying ground of all existence.
Characteristics?
“Sat-chit-ananda”
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MYTHOS OF HINDUISM
What do people really want?
Sat-chit-anada
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MYTHOS OF HINDUISM
Yoga School vs. Advaita Vedanta
Why do we want sat-chit-ananda?
How do we achieve it?
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REVIEW: YOGA SCHOOL OF
PHILOSOPHY
Yoga:
“Yoke”; to attach, to unite.
Reality: DualisticMaterial (prakriti) & Spiritual (purusha)
Moksha:Freeing ourselves from the material so that we can reunite with spiritual.
Realizing that our deepest self IS Brahman.
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REVIEW: YOGA SCHOOL OF
PHILOSOPHY
Yoga:
“Yoke”; to attach, to unite.
How to Reunite?4 primary types: feeling, doing, experiencing, intuiting.
One of the first personality typologies.
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THE FOUR YOGAS
Groups
In your own words, summarize the four yogas written about in your readings for today.
Explain how each of these yogas may lead to reunification with Brahman. (*Hint one of the yogasmay be much more difficult to explain than the others.)
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BHAKTI YOGA
The Way to God through Love/Devotion
(Reuniting with Brahman Emotionally)
• Has countless followers.
• Usually expressed or practiced through: • Devotions to a personal deity.
• Rituals & festivals.
• Pilgrimages.
• Even Cow Veneration (and vegetarianism)
• Why so popular?
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FOR A BRIEF LOOK AT HINDU DEITIES:
TRIMURTI
The PuranasDivine stories, primarily of the divine Trimurti.
ShivaThe “destroyer” or
“transformer”Associated with fire
and dance.
VishnuThe “maintainer” or
“preserver” Associated with water.
BrahmaThe “creator”.
Associated with earth.
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FOR A BRIEF LOOK AT HINDU DEITIES:
VISHNU
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FOR A BRIEF LOOK AT HINDU DEITIES:
SHIVA
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FOR A BRIEF LOOK AT HINDU DEITIES:
BRAHMA
Not worshipped much. No holidays. Not much art.
Several stories have him cursed.
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FOR A BRIEF LOOK AT HINDU DEITIES:
GANESH (SON OF SHIVA AND PARVATI)
Overcoming Obstacles
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FOR A BRIEF LOOK AT HINDU DEITIES:
DEVI
The Great Goddess
• Many manifestations:
• Mother
• Protector
• Deity of wealth
• Powerful Slayer - Kali
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BHAKTI YOGA
1. Why so many deities?
2. How does Bhakti Yoga help achieve Moksha?
3. Why worship a deity vs. Brahman?
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BHAKTI YOGA
The Way to God through Love/Devotion
Hard to express love to the “ground of all being”
Easier to express it to somebody or something.
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BHAKTI YOGA
The Way to God through Love/Devotion
Hard to express love to the “ground of all being”
Easier to express it to somebody or something.
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BHAKTI YOGA
The Way to God through Love/Devotion
Hard to express love to the “ground of all being”
Easier to express it to somebody or something.
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BHAKTI YOGA
How might you practice (or already practice) Bhakti Yoga?
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KARMA YOGA
The Way to God through Work
(Reuniting by Doing Brahman’s Will).
• Maybe most common approach.
• Performing your dharma (duty), with detachment from the outcome.
• Often done along with other yogas (i.e. bhakti)
Q: “How do I know what my dharma is?
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YOUR DHARMA:
1. STAGES OF LIFE
Q: But what occupation shall I have? What specific work?
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YOUR DHARMA:
2. STATIONS OF LIFE (CASTE)
• Based on Law of Manu.
• Based on the
concept of
reincarnation.
• Caste system has
decayed.
But what occupation shall I have? What specific work?“The one that you were born to do.” – What does this mean to you?
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KARMA YOGA
1. How does Karma Yoga help achieve Moshka?
• Doing something without attachment to outcome helps separate “you” from your “ego”.
• Doing something for Brahman helps bring you to experience something greater than yourself.
2. What else could it mean to do your “dharma”?
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RAJA YOGA
The way to God through psychophysical mastery
(Reuniting Through Meditative Experience).
• The royal path of meditation.
• Like a king can maintain control over his kingdom, we can reunite with Brahman by controlling our inner Kingdom.
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RAJA YOGA
The 4 Layers of the Self
Body
Conscious Mind
Unconscious Mind
The Ground of all Being
Through meditative practices can overcome the limitations of the first 3 layers in order to reunite with Brahman.
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RAJA YOGA DEMONSTRATIONS
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RAJA YOGA DEMONSTRATIONS
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RAJA YOGA DEMONSTRATIONS
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RAJA YOGA DEMONSTRATIONS
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RAJA YOGA
Beyond Physical Limitations
Body
Conscious Mind
Unconscious Mind
The Ground of all Being
Physical Limitations
Concentrative Limitations
Emotional Limitations
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RAJA YOGA
Many Different Practices
To overcome Limitations of Physical Self
Raja Yoga
Hatha Yoga:
Physical Energy
Mantra Yoga:
Psychological Energy
Tantric Yoga:
Sexual Energy
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H O U R 4
COMPARATIVE
RELIGIONS
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JNANA YOGA
The Way to God through Knowledge
(Reuniting through the intellect)
• To know Brahman through intuitive understanding.
• Meditating/study of Sacred texts.
• Through intellectual exercise.
• Guru teachings.
• The hardest path, but quickest.
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JNANA YOGA
What does it look like?
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JNANA YOGA
What does it look like?
• Within the Mahabarata Epic
• The conversations between Arjuna & Krishna
• Most influential literature in Hinduism.
Gandhi: “dictionary for life”
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JNANA YOGA
What Does it Look Like?
Groups 2-3
What’s Arjuna’s dilemma? (pg 2-6)
What is Sri Krishna’s response? (pg10-11)
• Pg 10: “Death is certain for the born. Rebirth is certain for the dead. You should not grieve for what is unavoidable.”
• Pg 11: “Even if you consider this from the standpoint of your own caste-duty, you out not hesitate; for, to a warrior, there is nothing nobler than a righteous war.”
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JNANA YOGA
What Does it Look Like?
Contemplating Pg 13
“In the calm of self-surrender you can free yourself from the bondage of virtue and vice during this very
life. Devote yourself, therefore, to reaching union with Brahman. To unite the heart with Brahman and then to
act: that is the secret of non-attached work.”
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JNANA YOGA
What Does it Look Like?
Contemplating Pg 13
What is it saying?
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JNANA YOGA
What Does it Look Like?
Contemplating Pg 13
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JNANA YOGA
What Does it Look Like?
Contemplating Pg 13
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JNANA YOGA
What Does it Look Like?
Pg 8: “The truly wise mourn neither for the living nor for the dead.”
Pg 8: “There was never a time when I did not exist, nor you, nor any of these kings. Nor is there a future in which we shall cease to be.”
Pg 9: “That which is non-existent can never come into being, and that which is can never cease to be.”
Pg 11: “Realize that pleasure pain, gain and loss, victory and defeat, are all one and the same: then go into battle.”
Pg 12: “You must be free from the pairs of opposites. Poise your mind in tranquility.”
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THE BIG PICTURE
Born
LiveDie
Brahman
• One impersonal Ultimate Reality -BrahmanBrahmanBrahmanBrahman
• Your deepest self, soul – AtmanAtmanAtmanAtman
• Atman is continually born into this limitedlimitedlimitedlimited world lifetime after lifetime -Wheel of Wheel of Wheel of Wheel of SamsaraSamsaraSamsaraSamsara
• Each successive birth condition determined by our actions and level of realization of our previous lifetime. - KarmaKarmaKarmaKarma
• Trapped in Samsara because we have false, illusory perception of reality – MayaMayaMayaMaya
• We can escape the Wheel of Samsara once we “awaken” to the self-realization that we are it: Atman is Brahman. - MokshaMokshaMokshaMoksha
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THE BIG PICTURE
Can you think of an analogy that you’re familiar with to represent these ideas?
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A MODERN ANALOGY
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Why do we want sat-chit-ananda? How do we achieve it?
Yoga School vs. Advaita Vedanta
But, why don’t I feel like Brahman?Bothered by physical ailments, emotional conflicts
with people,… quizzes!
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THE BIG PICTURE
Born
LiveDie
Brahman For Yoga School:For Yoga School:For Yoga School:For Yoga School:
Maya Maya Maya Maya is the illusion that we are primarily material, that this
world is all there is.
• We can escape the Wheel of Samsara once we “awaken” to the self-realization that we are more than physicalmore than physicalmore than physicalmore than physical.
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THE BIG PICTURE
Born
LiveDie
Brahman For For For For AdvaitaAdvaitaAdvaitaAdvaita VedantaVedantaVedantaVedanta
MayaMayaMayaMaya is the illusion that there is a distinction between material
and spiritual.
• We can escape the Wheel of Samsara once we “awaken” to the self-realization that we are all there isall there isall there isall there is.
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THE BIG PICTURE
Born
LiveDie
Brahman
For For For For AdvaitaAdvaitaAdvaitaAdvaita VedantaVedantaVedantaVedanta
MayaMayaMayaMaya is the illusion that there is a distinction between material
and spiritual.
• We can escape the Wheel of Samsara once we “awaken” to the self-realization that we are all there isall there isall there isall there is.
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THE BIG PICTURE
Born
LiveDie
Brahman
For For For For AdvaitaAdvaitaAdvaitaAdvaita VedantaVedantaVedantaVedanta
• Unlike the Yoga School, Vedanta is “non-dualistic”
• Believes in “Monisim”
• Practice: What is reality?• Neti Neti.
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THE MAIN DIFFERENCE:
HOW TO ACHIEVE MOSHKA
Yoga School vs. Advaita Vedanta
Detachment from the material.
Realization:There is no material & spiritual.
Only Brahman.
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THE BIG PICTURE
Born
LiveDie
Brahman •Why would we, Brahman, choose to do this?
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WHAT’S THE CORE?
(EVEN IN NON-RELIGIOUS TERMS)
• What is the Ultimate• Brahman
• Human Condition?• Trapped in Maya
• How to Transcend the Human Condition?• Moksha through self-realization.
• What’s the key idea to you?• Authenticity• There’s more to you than you know.• Unity/identity with all people and things.
• Do you see similarities with any religions you’re familiar with?