humanistic-existential paradigm self-actualization theory
TRANSCRIPT
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ABRAHAM MASLOW (1908-1970)
Humanistic-Existential Paradigm
Self-actualization Theory
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MASLOW’S ASSUMPTIONS
Human nature is basically good, not evil
Normal human development involves the actualization of this inherent goodness
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CENTRAL HUMAN MOTIVESelf-Actualization
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MASLOW’S ASSUMPTIONS... Psychopathology results from the
frustration of a human being’s essential nature
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MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
Self-Actualization Esteem Love Safety Physiological
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS
MOST NEEDS HAVE TO DO WITHSURVIVAL PHYSICALLY AND
PSYCHOLOGICALLY
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS
• Food
• Water
• Air
• Sleep
• Shelter
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Food: A Most Powerful Need
• South American Rugby team crashed in 1970
• Food was the most pressing problem.
• They ate human flesh for survival.
• Even the strongest taboo was broken to fill the basic need for food.
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FOOD: A MOST POWERFUL NEED Ik tribe in Uganda forced
to give up hunting and live on unfertile land
long standing social mores dissolve - people became psychopathic
“ngag”, word for food, also becomes word for good
parents steal food from children, children from other children
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS
SAFETY NEEDS
ON THE WHOLE AN INDIVIDUALCANNOT SATISFY ANY LEVELUNLESS NEEDS BELOW ARE
SATISFIED
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from physical attack from emotional attack from fatal disease from invasion from extreme losses
(job, family
members, home, friends)
Safety Needs
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SAFETY: A MOST POWERFUL NEED when frightened, our
thoughts and energies are diverted
threat of, or actual attack creates “fight or flight” reaction
threats to safety can be physical or emotional
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS
SAFETY NEEDS
LOVE, AFFECTION, AND BELONGINGNESS NEEDS
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Inclusion - part of a group: colleagues, peers, family, clubs
Affection - love and be loved
Control - influence over others and self
Love and Belonging(social/emotional)
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS
SAFETY NEEDS
LOVE, AFFECTION, AND BELONGINGNESS NEEDS
ESTEEM NEEDS
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respect from others through: awards honors status
respect for self through: mastery achievement
competence
Esteem Needsemotional (ego)
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
SELF-ACTUALIZATION
NEEDFOR
MASLOW EMPHASIZES NEED FOR SELF
ACTUALIZATION ISA HEALTHY INDIVIDUAL’S
PRIMEMOTIVATION
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
SELF-ACTUALIZATION
NEEDFOR
MASLOW EMPHASIZES NEED FOR SELF ACTUALIZATION IS
A HEALTHY INDIVIDUAL’S PRIMEMOTIVATION
SELF-ACTUALIZATION MEANS ACTUALIZING
ONE’S POTENTIAL BECOMING ALL ONE IS
CAPABLE OF BECOMING
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stop cruelty and exploitation
encourage talent in others
try to be a good human being
do work one considers worthwhile
enjoy taking on responsibilities
prefer intrinsic satisfaction
seek truth
give unselfish love
be just
Self-Actualization Needs
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B-NEEDS OF THE SELF-ACTUALIZED
Truth Goodness Beauty Unity Aliveness Uniqueness Perfection and
Necessity
Completion Justice and order Simplicity Richness Effortlessness Playfulness Self-sufficiency Meaningfulness
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS
SAFETY NEEDS
LOVE, AFFECTION, AND BELONGINGNESS NEEDS
ESTEEM NEEDS
SELF-ACTUALIZATION
NEED