Historical Foundations of Education: Historical Foundations of Education: HUMANISMHUMANISM

Foundations of EducationBBSI 1st Semester 2015-2016

Prepared by: Jonathan ArroyoInstructor: Pastor Manching

Topic OutlineTopic Outline

Humanism during the Renaissance and Reformation Period

Renaissance Period

Monalisa by Leonardo Da Vinci

Pieta by Michelangelo

Renaissance Period

Columbus discovered America

Columbus discovers the earth revolved

around the sun

Reformation Period

Martin Luther started the Reformation period Gutenburg Perfect Printing

HUMANISMHUMANISM

Derived from the Latin word humanitas which means “culture”.

This movement started in the early part of the 14th even up to the 16th century.

This period was marked by a revival of the classical influences of the Romans and Greeks, expressed in the flowering of the arts and literature as well as the beginning of modern science.

The Renaissance PeriodThe Renaissance Period RENAISSANCE came from the French word “renaitre” .

It was a general re-awakening, a revival or rebirth of learning.

The renaissance upheld the dignity of the human being, renewed the spirit of nationalism.

It is also the time for increased trade among countries, and a period of exploration.

This lead to scientific research which was used to solve problems.

Books were printed and thus were made more widely available.

Different movements that Different movements that arise during the arise during the Renaissance PeriodRenaissance PeriodHumanismThe ReformationProtestant ReformationCatholic-Counter ReformationRealismDisciplinismRationalismNaturalismNationalismDevelopmentalism

Humanistic Education was the Humanistic Education was the outgrowth of the renaissance. outgrowth of the renaissance. It identified two phases:It identified two phases:

1.Italian Humanism or individual humanism

2.Humanism North of the Alps or the Social humanism

Italian or individual humanism

This stressed personal culture, individual freedom and the development of the elite group.

Aims of Italian HumanismAims of Italian Humanism

1. Academic Freedom

2. Abundant Living

3. Liberal Education

Types of EducationTypes of Education

1. Literary and Aesthetic Education

2. Physical Education3. Moral and Religious Training4. Intellectual Training

Agencies of Humanistic EducationAgencies of Humanistic Education

1. Lower or elementary schools2. Secondary or Court schools3. Universities

Organization of Grade LevelsOrganization of Grade Levels1. Girls were taught by tutors at home2. The boys had to go through school step

by step: elementary, high school and university.

Methods of InstructionMethods of Instruction

1. Lecture2. Writing Themes3. Development of Self-expression4. Development of interest and

power of thinking5. Balanced mental and physical

activity.

Methods of Instruction Methods of Instruction (cont.)(cont.)

6. Curriculum was varied and there was alteration of subjects.

7. Discipline was mild and motivation was emphasized.

8. Punishment – not used as motivation for learning

FinancingFinancing

Rich children paid fees but poor children did not.

Bright but poor children received aid.

The court (secondary) schools were founded and supported by the princes and dukes of the Italian city-states.

Italian Humanism contributed the Italian Humanism contributed the following to education:following to education:

1.Secondary schools served as models in other countries.

2.Academic freedom was founded: freedom of thought, self-expression, and creative activity.

3.Revival of Roman and Greek classics.

4.Used of texts and less of lectures and written themes instead of oral recitation.

Humanism North of the AlpsHumanism North of the Alps

This Social Humanism started by the work of the Hieronymians or Brothers of the Common Life, a nonmonastic order founded in Holland 1376.

Characteristics of the Northern Humanism

1.The piety of the brethren – Kempis2.Their broad literary spirit - Erasmus

Popular Humanist during this time:

Erasmus1466-1536- a Dutch scholar

- Known for his educational works “Liberal Education of children” & “On the Order of Study”

Popular Humanist during this time:

Thomas à Kempis1380-1471- a German writer

- Known for his works in volumes and one volume is entitled “The Imitation of Christ”

Aims of Northern Humanism Aims of Northern Humanism

1. Social – to reform society from greed, selfishness and exploitation by Church and political leaders.

2. Religious and moral – morality ahead of manners.

3. Literacy – to wipe out the ignorance of the people.

4. Literary5. Democratic – to make education

accessible to all classes of society.

Types of EducationTypes of Education

1. Social education 2. Religious and moral education 3. Literacy education 4. Literary education 5. Democratic education

Agencies of EducationAgencies of Education

1. Lower or elementary schools2. Secondary schools

Famous secondary schools◦St. Paul School in London by John Colet◦Gymnasium in Germany by Johann Sturm

3. UniversitiesFamous Universities◦Cambridge – Erasmus was the first teacher◦Oxford◦University of Wittenburg – by Melanchthon

Methods of InstructionMethods of Instruction

1. Individualized instruction2. Ciceronianism3. Double translation – Roger Ascham

◦ Praise was used instead of punishment

4. Educational Psychology 5. Imitation and Memorization6. A class-a-year practice.

Outstanding Contributions of the Outstanding Contributions of the Northern Humanism to EducationNorthern Humanism to Education

1. The class-a-year practice

2. The emphasis on social purposes of Education

Different movements that arise Different movements that arise during the Renaissance Period during the Renaissance Period

THE REFORMATIONTHE REFORMATION

The aim of Protestant Reformers was not just religious moralism but also the return to biblical belief and practice.

Education must provide adequate training in the duties at home.

It also promoted parental discipline and a sound family life as a foundations of a good government.

Different movements that arise during the Renaissance Period – THE REFORMATION – Protestant Reformation