humanism
DESCRIPTION
A brief introduction to this learning theoryTRANSCRIPT
HUMANISM
April 8, 2023
2
April 8, 2023
3
Focus of Humanism
• Focus placed on the affective dimension of the learning process
April 8, 2023
4
View of Learning
• Cognitive skills must be developed within the context of the learner’s feelings, needs and emotions
April 8, 2023
5
View of Learning
• Education is the development of the whole person not merely the transmission of knowledge and skills
April 8, 2023
6
Erik Erikson
• Identified 8 predetermined stages in human psychological development, each with its particular challenges.
April 8, 2023
7
Erikson’s Stages
• Each stage deals with thoughts, emotions, feelings that must be handled appropriately to facilitate a person’s learning
April 8, 2023
8
• Challenges well handled – moves smoothly to the next stage, in a strong position to deal with the challenges there
April 8, 2023
9
Dealing with the Challenges
• Challenges well handled – moves smoothly to the next stage, in a strong position to deal with the challenges there
April 8, 2023
10
Dealing with the Challeges
• Challenges inadequately handled – will constantly reappear throughout the person’s life, hindering his being able to deal appropriately with subsequent stages and their challenges
April 8, 2023
11
Competence, Fidelity
• Challenge (Adolescence) – search for personal identity
• Successfully handled – develops a strong sense of self-identity / self acceptance, less susceptible to peer pressure, has high hopes for the future
April 8, 2023
12
• Inadequately handled – role confusion, anti-social behaviour, aimlessness, no fixed goals towards which to aspire
April 8, 2023
13
Implications for learning
• Encourage learners to think for themselves, come to conclusions, to express themselves in constructive ways
April 8, 2023
14
Bases of Maslow's theory
• Human beings are motivated by unsatisfied needs
• Certain lower needs need to be satisfied before higher needs can be addressed.
April 8, 2023
15
Abraham Maslow
• Follow the link for an illustration of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and some related factors
April 8, 2023
16
Deficiency needs
• Psychological, biological needs. If these are not satisfied or fulfillment is disrupted the higher order needs cannot be met
April 8, 2023
17
Being Needs
• Personal fulfillment in terms of cognitive and aesthetic development and the realization of one’s full potential
April 8, 2023
18
Revised Structure
– Self actualization– Aesthetic needs– Cognitive needs
– Need for self-esteem– Need for interpersonal closeness– Need for safety / security /
belonging– Basic biological needs
April 8, 2023
19
Implications for the Classroom
• Learners may experience difficulties in learning because basic needs are not catered for either at home or at school
April 8, 2023
20
Implications
• Importance of establishing a secure environment where learners feel that they belong, receive / give respect, encouraged to be creative
April 8, 2023
21
Implications
• Should be able to experience a sense of freedom with a counterbalancing sense of responsibility
April 8, 2023
22
Implications
• Activities should be challenging, encourage curiosity, structured to facilitate the development of critical thinking skills, to help learners realize their potential
April 8, 2023
23
Application
• Maintain a low affective filter
• Cater for psychological elements – feelings, emotions. Treat errors tactfully
April 8, 2023
24
Application
• Design purposeful tasks
• Encourage creativity and initiative
• Enable learners to develop as individuals in their own right
April 8, 2023
25
Social Interactionism
• Combination of Cognitive and Humanist perspectives of learning processes
• Cognitive, social and emotional development inextricably linked in the learning process
April 8, 2023
26
• Focus placed on the importance of the learning context (climate, environment) and the nature of social and communicative interaction in the classroom
April 8, 2023
27
Domains of the Learning Environment / Context
• Physical – physical aspects of the classroom
• Social – competitive, cooperative, individualistic
• Instructional – selection of content, materials, methods, teaching and assessment strategies
April 8, 2023
28
• Psychological – concerns the creation and maintenance of a positive and warm classroom environment which supports learning and the development of confidence and self-esteem. Learners are willing – to use the language, to learn from
mistakes
– try out new ways to express meanings
– make mistakes without feqr
April 8, 2023
29
Lev Vygotsky
• Children are born into a social world and learning occurs through interaction with people
• Supports a communicative approach to language teaching – learning the language through using the language for meaningful communication
April 8, 2023
30
• Effective learning results from the interaction between two persons with different levels of knowledge – teacher or more competent peer / learner
April 8, 2023
31
SUMMARY
• Learning is a complex process with cognitive, affective and social dimensions. It is linked with feelings, attitudes and self-concepts
• Learning cannot take place in a vacuum. Physical and psychological conditions must support learning
April 8, 2023
32
• Learning is influenced by the context in which it occurs (physical, psychological, social, learning task)
• Learning differs from individual to individual
• Learning is a lifelong process
April 8, 2023
33
Forms of Learning
• A quantitative increase in knowledge
• Rote learning, memorization
• Acquisition of facts and procedures to be retained and / or applied
• Abstraction of meaning
• Interpretive process
April 8, 2023
34
Factors affecting Learning
LEARNING
CognitiveDimension
Affective Dimension
Piaget, Bloom, AusubelLearning styles
Psychological Factors - emotions, attitudes, motivation
Phys and soc aspects of the learning env,C/room culture