Human rightsHuman rights

HistoryHistory

In the Middle In the Middle Ages only a few Ages only a few social groups like social groups like knights and knights and gentry had gentry had various rights.various rights.

– England 1215 England 1215 Magna Carta Magna Carta (The Great (The Great Charter of the Charter of the Liberties of Liberties of England).England).

Poland 1430 - the Poland 1430 - the Polish gentry was Polish gentry was granted the granted the privilege called privilege called Neminem Neminem Captivabimus, Captivabimus, which gave the which gave the noblemen more noblemen more personal freedom personal freedom and meant that a and meant that a nobleman could not nobleman could not be arrested without be arrested without a court verdict.a court verdict.

18th century18th centuryThe Enlightenment conceptsThe Enlightenment concepts

– Montesquieu – the theory Montesquieu – the theory of separation of powers of separation of powers (the legislative, the (the legislative, the executive and the judicial).executive and the judicial).

– Jean-Jacques Rousseau – Jean-Jacques Rousseau – the authority in the state the authority in the state comes from the general comes from the general will of the people.will of the people.

– These ideas were adopted These ideas were adopted in the United States in the United States Declaration of Declaration of Independence (1776) and Independence (1776) and the Declaration of the the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen in France (1789).Citizen in France (1789).

20th century20th century

The modern concept of The modern concept of human rights dates back to human rights dates back to the end of the World War II.the end of the World War II.

A lot of international A lot of international organizations were founded organizations were founded (the United Nations, the (the United Nations, the Council of Europe and later Council of Europe and later the European Union and the the European Union and the Organization for Security Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe).and Co-operation in Europe).

PresentPresent

Human rights started Human rights started to include all the to include all the people from various people from various social groups.social groups.

They stopped being They stopped being the rights of specific the rights of specific countries only and countries only and they have become they have become an international an international issue.issue.

The Universal Declaration of Human The Universal Declaration of Human RightsRights

Adopted by the United Nations Adopted by the United Nations on 10 December 1948.on 10 December 1948.

At present it is the basic At present it is the basic document which deals with document which deals with human rights and many human rights and many contemporary documents are contemporary documents are based on it.based on it.

It is based on the essential It is based on the essential rights of every human being, rights of every human being, the right to life, liberty and the right to life, liberty and equality.equality.

Despite all the efforts to Despite all the efforts to make people respect the make people respect the human rights they have human rights they have been and still are been and still are violatedviolated

Millions of people suffer Millions of people suffer from the violation of their from the violation of their basic rights including basic rights including tortures, hunger and lack tortures, hunger and lack of water.of water.

http://www.amnesty.org.pl/http://www.amnesty.org.pl/ http://www.brpo.gov.pl/pl/content/http://www.brpo.gov.pl/pl/content/

publikacjepublikacje http://www.hfhr.pl/http://www.hfhr.pl/ Odkrywmay prawo humanitarne, Odkrywmay prawo humanitarne,

Warszawa 2005.Warszawa 2005.