human osteology asa bio 2014 williams. major divisions of the body cranial – skull infracranial...
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Human OsteologyASA Bio 2014
Williams
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Major Divisions of the Body
Cranial – skull
Infracranial – the rest of the body
Axial – trunk & head (parts in midline)
Appendicular – appendages/ limbs
Includes pelvic and shoulder girdles
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Upper Limb
Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
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Clavicle
1 right & 1 left
Articulates with sternum medially and scapula laterally
Part of shoulder girdle
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Scapula
1 right & 1 left
Articulates with clavicle and humerus
Does NOT articulate with ribs
Part of shoulder girdle
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Humerus
1 right & 1 left
Articulates with scapula, ulna & radius
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Ulna
1 right & 1 left
Articulates with humerus & radius
Connected to radius by interosseous membrane
Does NOT articulate with carpal bones
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Radius
1 right & 1 left
Articulates with humerus, ulna, and proximo-lateral aspect of carpal bones
Connected to ulna by interosseous membrane
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Carpals
Bones of the wrist
8 elements (per side)
2 rows of 4
Proximal row articulates with radius
Distal row articulates with metacarpals
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Metacarpals
Bones of the hand
5 elements (per side)
Articulate with distal row of carpals and phalanges
Numbered lateral to medial
MC1 – MC5
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Manual Phalanges
Bones of the fingers
14 elements (per side)
Separated into three rows
Proximal phalanges (5)
Intermediate phalanges (4)
Distal phalanges (5)
Singular – phalanx
Intermediate
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Lower LimbInnominate
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
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Innominate
Os coxa
1 right & 1 left
Articulate with sacrum posteriorly, other innominate anteriorly, and femur laterally
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Innominates
3 parts
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
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Femur
1 right & 1 left
Considered strongest bone
Articulates with innominate, tibia, and patella
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Patella
1 right & 1 left
Sesamoid bone
Articulates only with femur
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Tibia
1 right & 1 left
Articulates with femur, fibula and talus (tarsal bone)
Weight bearing bone of the lower leg
Connected to fibula with interosseous membrane
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Fibula
1 right & 1 left
Non-weight bearing
Articulates with tibia and talus (tarsal bone)
Connected to tibia by interosseous membrane
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Tarsals
Bones of the ankle
7 elements (per side)
Articulate with each other, tibia, fibula, and metatarsals
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Metatarsals
Bones of the foot
5 elements (per side)
Numbered medially to laterally
MT1 – MT5
Articulate with tarsals and phalanges
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Pedal Phalanges
Bones of the toes
14 elements (per side)
Separated into three rows
Proximal phalanges (5)
Intermediate phalanges (4)
Distal phalanges (5)
Singular – phalanx
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