human nutrition grade 11 caps 2013 flipped classroom gerry noel
TRANSCRIPT
Human NutritionHuman Nutrition
Grade 11 CAPS 2013Flipped classroom
Gerry Noel
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONGrade 11 Human Nutrition for 2013Flipped classroom?
Flipped Classroom advantages…Flipped Classroom advantages…
What I want you to do?What I want you to do?Make your own life sized poster on the Human Digestive System:→ Journey of BIG MACromolecules to Smaller molecules.→ 4 Parts to this journey (make sure you have the 4
hand outs and mark schemes)1. Structure and Function (Group)2. Digestive Processes (Group)3. Chemistry of Life (Extension work for group)4. Digestive Processes (Individual)
Textbook: Shuters Top Class Life Sciences, Grade 11 (2012).
Let’s get the show on the road!Let’s get the show on the road!Read over all the instructions first!Make sure you’ve read and understood the mark scheme.
Animal NutritionAnimal NutritionFood gives organisms energy for all cellular functions.
Producers/autotrophs
Consumers/heterotrophs:→Herbivores→Carnivores→Omnivores
Part 1: Structure and Function Part 1: Structure and Function OverviewOverview
Eyes, Nose and tongueMouth and teethOesophagusStomachSmall Intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum)Colon/Large IntestineRectum and anusSalivary glandsLiver and gall bladderPancreas
Click movie
icon to start
Introduction
to Digestion
Video!
Sensing food and the mouth, tongue Sensing food and the mouth, tongue and teethand teeth
All starts with the senses in the body!Mouth:→ Beginning of the Big Mac’s journey→ Tongue and teeth inside the mouth→ Tongue tastes food and helps you swallow→ Teeth break up food into smaller pieces =
mechanical digestion/mastication→ 3 pairs of salivary glands that produce
saliva:→Water, slippery mucin and enzymes (lysozyme
and salivary amylase)→Helps to form bolus and lubricate it for
swallowing
Sense of taste and smell video
Teeth video
Structure: TeethStructure: Teeth4 types:→ Incisors →canines →premolars →Molars
Humans→2:1:2:3
2:1:2:3
Textbook Pg 123 & 131
Q1:Which set
of teeth
belongs to
which type of
consumer and
give reasons
why?
Passed the pharynx, through the Passed the pharynx, through the oesophagusoesophagus
Pharynx (throat):→ Muscular part at the
back of mouth→ Opens to trachea (to the
lungs) and oesophagus (to the stomach)
Oesophagus:→ Narrow muscular tube→ Bolus moves down
through contraction and relaxation of muscles in process called = PERISTALSIS
Q2:Can you
think of other
examples in
the body
where
peristalsis is
used to move
things?
Textbook Pg 133
Into the stomachInto the stomachLarge ‘bag’ that receives and holds food.
→ At each end of the stomach there are valves called sphincters that control the movement of food;
→ Cardiac sphincter at the top end→ pyloric sphincter at the bottom end
Cells lining the stomach secrete gastric juice.
→ Hydrochloric acid (HCl), low pH→ Mucus, high pH→ Proteases, (pepsinogen)
Alcohol, Vit B12 and aspirin are absorbed.Food leaves the stomach as chyme.
Stomach video
Into the not so… small intestineInto the not so… small intestineSoupy chyme enters small intestine.
→ Folded tube (5 -7m long)→ Lined with columnar epithelial cells→ 3 parts:
→ Duodenum→ Jejunum→ Ileum
→ Duodenum has Brunner’s glands which secrete alkaline rich mucus;
→ Neutralise Chyme→ Provide right pH for enzymes→ Lubrication
Digestion of food is completed so that simple soluble nutrients can be absorbed.
→ Carbohydrates, fats and proteins are digested→ Most digested food absorbed
Small intestine video
Large intestineLarge intestineLarge intestine/colon stretches like a frame around the small intestine.Main functions:
→ Absorb water, dissolved minerals and vitamins→ Helped by over 700 species of bacteria (gut
flora)Caecum and appendix are two structures where small intestine joins large intestine;
→ No digestive function but contain tissue from the immune system
→ Very large in organisms that digest celluloseRectum is short tube at end of large intestine;
→ Stores indigestible remains for short time before being expelled
At the opening end of rectum is anus;→ Surrounded by sphincter muscles to help control
movement of faecesLarge intestine video
Associated glands: Salivary Glands Associated glands: Salivary Glands and Pancreasand Pancreas
3 salivary glands that secrete saliva.Pancreas that secretes pancreatic juice.→ Travels down duct into duodenum (exocrine gland)→ Contains enzymes for breaking down food
→Carbohydrases: starch maltose→Proteases: proteins amino acids→Lipases: lipids fatty acids and
glycerol→ Contains alkaline salts for neutralising acidic chyme
Pancreas controls blood sugar levels by secreting hormones insulin and glucagon (endocrine gland).
Associated glands: LiverAssociated glands: LiverLargest gland and solid organ in the body.
Liver has many functions:→ Secretes bile which is stored in gall bladder.
→ Bile neutralises acidic chyme→ Emulsifies fats into small droplets
→ Controls release of glucose in blood by converting glucose glycogen.
→ Controls excessive amino acid concentrations in the body through deamination.
→ Process where amine group is removed from amino acid producing a carbohydrate and urea.
→ Transports both glucose and amino acids if necessary via hepatic vein (vessel from liver to heart) to the heart and then to cells of the body.
→ Store vitamins and minerals (if not needed pass out through urine).→ Alcohol and drugs are transported via hepatic portal vein (vessel
from small intestine or stomach to the liver) to be metabolised.
Liver
fact
pack
Get on with Part 1…Get on with Part 1…
Part 1: Structure and FunctionPart 1: Structure and Function
Textbook page 125
Other possible human nutrition tasksOther possible human nutrition tasks
Food diary - http://www.myfitnesspal.com/Analyse nutritional information packagingDietary supplements for sport analysis
Cultural and socio-economic Cultural and socio-economic influences on dietinfluences on diet
Italy: The Manzo family of Sicily
R 1976 per week
Germany: The Melander family of Bargteheide
R 3712 per week
United States: The Revis family of North Carolina.
R 2538 per week
Mexico: The Casales family of Cuernavaca
R 1403 per week
Poland: The Sobczynscy family of Konstancin-Jeziorna
R 1123 per week
Egypt: The Ahmed family of Cairo
R 507 per week
Ecuador: The Ayme family of Tingo
R 234 per week
Bhutan: The Namgay family of Shingkhey Village
R 37 per week
Chad: The Aboubakar family of Breidjing Camp
R 9.13 per week
Thank youThank [email protected]@bishops.org.za