human geography jerome d. fellmann arthur getis judith getis
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Human Geography
Jerome D. FellmannArthur GetisJudith Getis
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Chapter Ten
Patterns of Development and Change
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How to Classify Countries?
• Rich, Poor• Developed, Undeveloped
(Underdeveloped?)• Industrialized, Newly Industrialized,
Emerging• First World, Second World, Third
World• North, South (Brandt Report, 1980)
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Ind. Commission on International Development Issues (Brandt Report)
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The Wealth of Nations
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Development as a Cultural Variable• Distinctions within countries
– All areas of a country may not be as developed
– Urban areas may be very developed, while rural areas may be very underdeveloped
• Distinctions between countries– Who is progressing and who isn’t?– Very broad categories
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Dividing the Continuum: Definitions of Development• Explanations of Underdevelopment
– Geographic destiny?– Environmental Determinism?
• The Core-Periphery Argument– World-Systems Theory
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Economic Measures of Development• The Diffusion of Technology• Gross National Product and PPP Per
Capita• Energy Consumption Per Capita• Percentage of the Workforce
Engaged in Agriculture– Landlessness
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Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)
•IMF/World Bank, 1993
•By 2020, the “rich world’s” share of global output to 40%
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Economic Measures of Development (cont.)• Poverty, Calories, and Nutrition• Composite Assessment of
Economic Development• A Model for Economic
Development
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Stages of Growth (Rostow, 1960)1. Traditional Societies2. Preconditions for Takeoff
• Political organization, infrastructure growth
3. Takeoff• Investment, resource devlp., econ. Growth
4. Drive to Maturity• Modern technology, self-sufficient economy
5. Age of Mass Consumption• Tertiary sector big, consumption above
basic needs
6. Post-Industrial (new category)
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Noneconomic Measures of Development• Education• Public Services• Health
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Aggregate Measures of Development and Well-Being• Comparative Statistics• Individual and Collective Well-Being• Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI)
– Overseas Development Council– Infant Mortality, Life Expectancy, Literacy
used
• Happiness Index (see p.382)• UNDP’s Human Development Index (HDI)
– Purchasing Power, Life Expectancy, Literacy
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The Role of Women
• Gender• Roles of Women in Different
Countries
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