human genetics ch12. do now: 2. a certain trait is caused by a recessively inherited gene that is...
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Do now:
2. A certain trait is caused by a recessively inherited gene that is not sex-linked. A man and a woman, neither of whom exhibit the trait, have a child with the trait. What is the probability that the second child will have the trait? 0% 25% 50% 100%
6. Which cellular process in plants makes them useful to animals as a source of energy? ATP Production DNA Replication Cellular Respiration Glucose production
Patterns of Inheritance
Traits and diseases can be passed from generation to generation Complete Dominance
Dominant: Huntingtons, Achondroplasia, Polydactyly Recessive: Albinism, Cystic Fibrosis, Sickle cell anemia
X-linked (sex-linked) Colorblindness, Hemophilia
Multiple Allele Blood Type
Polygenic Color of Skin, Eyes, Hair Height
Blood Type
Four basic types A,B, AB, O Genetic and inherited from your parents
Genetic- caused by genes Inherited- passed to offspring
You tube 2:30 – 4:00 Donuts with rainbow sprinkes, brown sprinkles, both or none
Blood Transfusion
amniocentisis
Do Now: 1. Scientists use a certain technique to measure RNA
levels in various cell types. Which of the following is most directly observed by this technique? Mutation Biomagnification Gene expression Osmotic regulation
3. A pyramid of biomass illustrates the relative amount of living organic matter available at each trophic level in an ecosystem. How I this concept illustrated on a pyramid of biomass? Plants are always located at the top Plants are always locatedin the middle Plants are shown to have the smallest number of individual
organisms Plants form the base of the pyramid and have the greatest
overall biomass
Genetic Traits
To Identify how a trait is passed along, we use a Pedigree. Similar to a family tree:
Circles = female Boxes = male Filled in = the person has the trait Half filled in means the person carries the trait (not
always known)
Genetic Conditions
Traits or diseases that are determined by your DNA are described as genetic.
Having big muscles – not genetic Having white skin – genetic Liking the taste of oranges – not genetic Tasting PTC paper - genetic
But just because it is genetic, DOES NOT mean that it is inherited. Some conditions can occur because of an error or
mutation in a developing organism Example: Trisomy-21 aka Down Syndrome
Trisomy – Three copies
If meiosis GOES WRONG, the WRONG number of DNA ends up in a cell.
Most of the time the organism will die. There are a few particular circumstances for
life:
Types of mutations – page 225
Chromosome Mutations: Nondisjucntion = Down Syndrome Deletion Inversion Translocation
Gene Mutations: Point Mutation – Genes DNA Nucleotides =
letters Substitution – sickle cell Deletion (*Frame Shift) Insertion (*Frame Shift)
Mutations
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