Human ElectiveHuman Elective

V.Redmond 2011

OverpopulationOverpopulation

Overpopulation occurs when there are Overpopulation occurs when there are more people living in an area than there more people living in an area than there are resources to support them.are resources to support them.

Resources could include clean water, Resources could include clean water, food, shelter, land, education, medicine, food, shelter, land, education, medicine, etc.etc.

SudanSudan

North east AfricaNorth east Africa Largest African countryLargest African country Barren, only 5% of land is fertile. Desert Barren, only 5% of land is fertile. Desert

climate in north and Tropical in south.climate in north and Tropical in south. Capital is KhartoumCapital is Khartoum Political divisions between Islamic north Political divisions between Islamic north

and Black south.and Black south.

Map of SudanMap of Sudan

Population in SudanPopulation in Sudan

32 million32 million 50% under 18 years50% under 18 years Life expectancy 55 yearsLife expectancy 55 years Uneven distributionUneven distribution 33% population living on 7% of land33% population living on 7% of land 66% of population live within 300 km of 66% of population live within 300 km of

KhartoumKhartoum

Causes of OverpopulationCauses of Overpopulation

High Birth RatesHigh Birth Rates Migration and ConflictMigration and Conflict Environmental DegradationEnvironmental Degradation ………….Overpopulation is confined to certain .Overpopulation is confined to certain

parts of Sudan (near Khartoum and the parts of Sudan (near Khartoum and the Darfur region)Darfur region)

Birth RatesBirth Rates

Stage 2 in population cycleStage 2 in population cycle High level of natural increaseHigh level of natural increase Large families, 5 children averageLarge families, 5 children average High infant mortalityHigh infant mortality Lack education/ Family planningLack education/ Family planning 50% of population under 1850% of population under 18 High Dependency RatioHigh Dependency Ratio

ConflictConflict

20032003 Sudanese Liberation Army & Justice and Sudanese Liberation Army & Justice and

Equality MovementEquality Movement Rebelled against governmentRebelled against government Blamed govt for not protecting farming Blamed govt for not protecting farming

communities and not developing the communities and not developing the Darfur region of SudanDarfur region of Sudan

Govt responded with violenceGovt responded with violence

Conflict and MigrationConflict and Migration

Govt bombed villagesGovt bombed villages Supported Janjawid (mounted Arab militia)Supported Janjawid (mounted Arab militia) Continuous fighting in rural areasContinuous fighting in rural areas Villages looted, burned, abandonedVillages looted, burned, abandoned Over a million displaced people (refugees) Over a million displaced people (refugees)

within Darfur and thousands fled to Chadwithin Darfur and thousands fled to Chad Thousands killedThousands killed

Effect of Conflict on PopulationEffect of Conflict on Population

Overpopulation in certain areasOverpopulation in certain areas Lack of services and employment in these Lack of services and employment in these

areasareas Refugees require huge amount of food Refugees require huge amount of food

and medical aidand medical aid Brain drain as professionals emigrateBrain drain as professionals emigrate

Influx from EthiopiaInflux from Ethiopia

Famine and ConflictFamine and Conflict One million refugees flee to DarfurOne million refugees flee to Darfur Lack skills/educationLack skills/education UnemploymentUnemployment Burden of aid provisionBurden of aid provision

MigrationMigration

InternalInternal External to ChadExternal to Chad Immigration from EthiopiaImmigration from Ethiopia Brain drainBrain drain

Environmental DegradationEnvironmental Degradation

Drought reduces food production capacityDrought reduces food production capacity Regular droughtRegular drought Deforestation for fuelDeforestation for fuel Deforestation causing DesertificationDeforestation causing Desertification Sahara spreading south 10 km a yearSahara spreading south 10 km a year

Exam QuestionsExam Questions Explain the term overpopulation and examine Explain the term overpopulation and examine

two causes of overpopulation in a region you two causes of overpopulation in a region you have studied. (30 marks)have studied. (30 marks)

Discuss two effects of overpopulation in a Discuss two effects of overpopulation in a region or country that you have studied. (30 region or country that you have studied. (30 marks)marks)

Examine one cause and one effect of Examine one cause and one effect of overpopulation, with reference to examples you overpopulation, with reference to examples you have studied. (30 marks)have studied. (30 marks)