human development report 2009gcsa
TRANSCRIPT
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7/28/2019 Human Development Report 2009GCSA
1/11
Human Development Report 2009 - HDI rankings
Very High
Human
Develop
ment
1. Norway2. Australia3. Iceland
4. Canada5. Ireland6. Netherland
s7. Sweden8. France9. Switzerlan
d10. Japan11. Luxembour
g
12. Finland13. United
States14. Austria15. Spain16. Denmark17. Belgium18. Italy19. Liechtenste
in20.New
Zealand21. United
Kingdom22. Germany23. Singapore24. Hong
Kong,China
High
Human
Develop
ment
39. Bahrain40. Estonia41. Poland
42. Slovakia43. Hungary44. Chile45. Croatia46. Lithuania47. Antigua
andBarbuda
48. Latvia49. Argentina50. Uruguay
51. Cuba52. Bahamas53. Mexico54. Costa Rica55. Libyan
ArabJamahiriya
56. Oman57. Seychelles58. Venezuela
(Bolivarian
Republicof)
59. SaudiArabia
60. Panama61. Bulgaria62. Saint Kitts
and Nevis
Medium
Human
Developmen
t
84. Armenia85. Ukraine86. Azerbaijan
87. Thailand88. Iran (Islamic
Republic of)89. Georgia90. Dominican
Republic91. Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines92. China93. Belize94. Samoa
95. Maldives96. Jordan97. Suriname98. Tunisia99. Tonga100. Jamaica101. Paraguay102. Sri Lanka103. Gabon104. Algeria105. Philippine
s106. El
Salvador107. Syrian
Arab Republic108. Fiji109. Turkmenis
tan
Low Human
Developme
nt
159. Togo160. Malawi161. Benin162. Timor
Leste163. Cte
d'Ivoire164. Zambia165. Eritrea166. Senegal167. Rwanda168. Gambia169. Liberia170. Guinea171. Ethiopia
172. Mozambique
173. Guinea-Bissau
174. Burundi175. Chad176. Congo
(DemocraticRepublic of the)
177. BurkinaFaso
178. Mali179. Central
African Republic180. Sierra
Leone181. Afghanist
an
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-
7/28/2019 Human Development Report 2009GCSA
2/11
(SAR)25. Greece26. Korea
(Republicof)
27. Israel28. Andorra29. Slovenia30. Brunei
Darussalam
31. Kuwait32. Cyprus33. Qatar34. Portugal35. United
ArabEmirates
36. CzechRepublic
37. Barbados
38. Malta
63. Romania64. Trinidad
andTobago
65. Montenegro
66. Malaysia67. Serbia68. Belarus69. Saint Lucia
70. Albania71. Russian
Federation72. The former
YugoslavRepublicofMacedonia
73. Dominica74. Grenada75. Brazil
76. Bosnia andHerzegovina
77. Colombia78. Peru79. Turkey80. Ecuador81. Mauritius82. Kazakhsta
n
83. Lebanon
110. OccupiedPalestinianTerritories
111. Indonesia112. Honduras
113. Bolivia114. Guyana115. Mongolia116. Viet Nam117. Moldova118. Equatorial
Guinea119. Uzbekista
n120. Kyrgyzsta
n
121. CapeVerde122. Guatemala123. Egypt124. Nicaragua125. Botswana126. Vanuatu127. Tajikistan128. Namibia129. South
Africa
130. Morocco131. So Tomand Principe
132. Bhutan133. Lao,
People's Dem.Rep.
134. India135. Solomon
Islands136. Congo137. Cambodia138. Myanmar139. Comoros140. Yemen141. Pakistan142. Swaziland143. Angola144. Nepal
182. Niger
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145. Madagascar
146. Bangladesh
147. Kenya
148. PapuaNew Guinea149. Haiti150. Sudan151. Tanzania,
U. Rep. of152. Ghana153. Cameroon154. Mauritania155. Djibouti156. Lesotho
157. Uganda
158. Nigeria
Note: The HDI rankings featured above were published in the latest Human DevelopmentReport 2009,Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development. Thedata can be accessed here and are for the year 2007. The HDI categories aredefined based on values. The cut-off points for each category are: Low HDI (0.000to 0.499), Medium HDI (0.500 to 0.799), High HDI (0.800 to 0.899), Very HighHDI (0.900 to 1.000).
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Human Development Report 2009
India
The Human Development Index - going beyond income
Each year since 1990 the Human Development Report has published the humandevelopment index (HDI) which looks beyond GDP to a broader definition of well-being.The HDI provides a composite measure of three dimensions of human development:living a long and healthy life (measured by life expectancy), being educated (measured
by adult literacy and gross enrolment in education) and having a decent standard of living(measured by purchasing power parity, PPP, income). The index is not in any sense acomprehensive measure of human development. It does not, for example, includeimportant indicators such as gender or income inequality nor more difficult to measureconcepts like respect for human rights and political freedoms. What it does provide is abroadened prism for viewing human progress and the complex relationship betweenincome and well-being.
Of the components of the HDI, only income and gross enrolment are somewhatresponsive to short term policy changes. For that reason, it is important to examinechanges in the human development index over time. The human development index
trends tell an important story in that respect. Between 1980 and 2007 India's HDI rose by1.33% annually from 0.427 to 0.612 today. HDI scores in all regions have increasedprogressively over the years (Figure 1) although all have experienced periods of slowergrowth or even reversals.
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Figure 1: HDI Trends
This year's HDI, which refers to 2007, highlights the very large gaps in well-being andlife chances that continue to divide our increasingly interconnected world. The HDI forIndia is 0.612, which gives the country a rank of 134th out of 182 countries with data(Table 1).
Table 1: Indias human development index 2007
HDI valueLife expectancy atbirth(years)
Adult literacy rate
(% ages 15 andabove)
Combinedgrossenrolment ratio
(%)
GDP per capita(PPP US$)
1. Norway(0.971)
1. Japan (82.7)1. Georgia(100.0)
1. Australia(114.2)
1. Liechtenstein(85,382)
132. Bhutan(0.619)
126. Turkmenistan(64.6)
118. Congo(DemocraticRepublic of the)(67.2)
132.Madagascar(61.3)
126. Cape Verde(3,041)
133. Lao 127. Lao People's 119. Egypt (66.4) 133. Trinidad 127. Guyana
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People'sDemocraticRepublic (0.619)
DemocraticRepublic (64.6)
and Tobago(61.1)
(2,782)
134. India(0.612)
128. India (63.4) 120. India (66.0)134. India(61.0)
128. India (2,753)
135. SolomonIslands (0.610)
129. Yemen (62.5) 121. Ghana(65.0)
135. Morocco(61.0)
129. Viet Nam(2,600)
136. Congo(0.601)
130. Togo (62.2)122. Rwanda(64.9)
136. Nepal(60.8)
130. Nicaragua(2,570)
182. Niger (0.340)
176. Afghanistan(43.6)
151. Mali (26.2)177. Djibouti(25.5)
181. Congo(DemocraticRepublic of the)(298)
By looking at some of the most fundamental aspects of peoples lives and opportunitiesthe HDI provides a much more complete picture of a country's development than other
indicators, such as GDP per capita. Figure 2 illustrates that countries on the same level ofHDI can have very different levels of income or that countries with similar levels ofincome can have very different HDIs.
Figure 2: The human development index gives a more complete picture than income
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Human poverty: focusing on the most deprived in
multiple dimensions of poverty
The HDI measures the average progress of a country in human development. The HumanPoverty Index (HPI-1), focuses on the proportion of people below certain threshold levels
in each of the dimensions of the human development index - living a long and healthylife, having access to education, and a decent standard of living. By looking beyondincome deprivation, the HPI-1 represents a multi-dimensional alternative to the $1.25 aday (PPP US$) poverty measure.
The HPI-1 value of 28.0% for India, ranks 88 th among 135 countries for which the indexhas been calculated.
The HPI-1 measures severe deprivation in health by the proportion of people who are notexpected to survive to age 40. Education is measured by the adult illiteracy rate. And adecent standard of living is measured by the unweighted average of people not using an
improved water source and the proportion of children under age 5 who are underweightfor their age. Table 2 shows the values for these variables for India and compares them toother countries.
Table 2: Selected indicators of human poverty for India
Human PovertyIndex (HPI-1)
Probability ofnot surviving toage 40 (%)
Adult illiteracyrate (%ages 15and above)
People not usingan improvedwater source (%)
Childrenunderweight forage (% aged under5)
1. CzechRepublic (1.5)
1. Hong Kong,
China (SAR)(1.4)
1. Georgia (0.0) 1. Barbados (0) 1. Croatia (1)
86. Djibouti(25.6)
103. Bolivia(13.9)
118. Congo(DemocraticRepublic of the)(32.8)
74. Kyrgyzstan(11)
135. Yemen (46)
87. Cambodia(27.7)
104. Bhutan(14.2)
119. Egypt (33.6)75. Syrian ArabRepublic (11)
136. Timor-Leste(46)
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88. India (28.0)105. India(15.5)
120. India (34.0) 76. India (11) 137. India (46)
89. Ghana(28.1)
106. Yemen(15.6)
121. Ghana (35.0) 77. China (12)138. Bangladesh(48)
90. Malawi
(28.2)
107. Papua New
Guinea (15.9)
122. Rwanda
(35.1)78. Samoa (12)
135.Afghanistan(59.8)
153. Lesotho(47.4)
151. Mali (73.8)150. Afghanistan(78)
Building the capabilities of women
The HDI measures average achievements in a country, but it does not incorporate the
degree of gender imbalance in these achievements. The gender-related developmentindex (GDI), introduced in Human Development Report 1995, measures achievements inthe same dimensions using the same indicators as the HDI but captures inequalities inachievement between women and men. It is simply the HDI adjusted downward forgender inequality. The greater the gender disparity in basic human development, thelower is a country's GDI relative to its HDI.
India's GDI value, 0.594 should be compared to its HDI value of 0.612. Its GDI value is97.1% of its HDI value. Out of the 155 countries with both HDI and GDI values, 138countries have a better ratio than India's.
Table 3 shows how Indias ratio of GDI to HDI compares to other countries, and alsoshows its values for selected underlying indicators in the calculation of the GDI.
Table 3: The GDI compared to the HDI a measure of gender disparity
GDI as % of HDILife expectancy atbirth(years) 2004
Adult literacy rate (%ages 15 and older)2004
Combined primary,secondary and tertiarygross enrolment ratio2004
Female as % male Female as % male Female as % male
1. Mongolia(100.0%)
1. RussianFederation (121.7%)
1. Lesotho (122.5%) 1. Cuba (121.0%)
137. United ArabEmirates (97.2%)
151. Cte d'Ivoire(104.7%) 121. Sudan (72.8%) 140. Senegal (90.0%)
138. Sierra Leone(97.1%)
152. Malta (104.7%)122. Guinea-Bissau(72.5%)
141. Sudan (89.3%)
139. India(97.1%)
153. India (104.7%) 123. India (70.9%) 142. India (89.3%)
140. Sudan(97.0%)
154. Africa(104.4%)
124. Eritrea (69.6%) 143. Burundi (89.3%)
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141. Benin(97.0%)
155. OccupiedPalestinianTerritories (104.4%)
125. Congo(Democratic Republicof the) (66.8%)
144. Congo (89.1%)
155. Afghanistan(88.0%)
190. Swaziland(98.0%)
145. Afghanistan(29.2%)
175. Afghanistan (55.6%)
Migration
Every year, millions of people cross national or international borders seeking better livingstandards. Most migrants, internal and international, reap gains in the form of higherincomes, better access to education and health, and improved prospects for their children.Most of the worlds 195 million international migrants have moved from one developingcountry to another or between developed countries.
India has an emigration rate of 0.8%. The major continent of destination for migrantsfrom India is Asia with 72.0% of emigrants living there.
Table 4: Emigrants
Origin of migrantsEmigration rate(%)
Major continent of destination formigrants
(%)
1. Antigua and Barbuda 45.3 Asia 46.6
53. Afghanistan 10.6 Asia 91.4
146. Pakistan 2.2 Asia 72.5
156. Iran (Islamic Republicof)
1.3 Northern America 39.6
169. India 0.8 Asia 72.0180. Maldives 0.4 Asia 38.9
181. Mongolia 0.3 Europe 40.7
Global aggregates
Medium humandevelopment
1.9 Asia 43.3
South Asia 1.6 Asia 78.0
World 3.0 Europe 33.4
The United States is host to nearly 40 million international migrants more than any
other country though as a share of total population it is Qatar which has the mostmigrants more than 4 in every 5 people are migrants. In India, there are 5,886.9thousand migrants which represent 0.5% of the total population.
Table 5: Immigrants
Destination of migrants
Immigrant stock(thousands)
Destination of migrants
Immigrants as a share ofpopulation (%) 2005
1. United States 39,266.5 1. Qatar 80.5
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70. Bhutan 5.7
144. Maldives 1.1
153. Bangladesh 0.7
7. India 5,886.9 158. India 0.5
12. Pakistan 3,554.0 167. Afghanistan 0.4
20. Iran (IslamicRepublic of)
2,062.2
180. Maldives 3.2
182. Vanuatu 1.0 182. China 0.0
Global aggregates
South Asia 13,847.0 South Asia 0.9
Medium humandevelopment
40,948.6Medium humandevelopment
0.8
World 195,245.4 World 3.0
Remittances
Remittances, which are usually sent to immediate family members who have stayedbehind, are among the most direct benefits from migration; their benefits spread broadlyinto local economies. They also serve as foreign exchange earnings for the origincountries of migrants. However, remittances are unequally distributed. Of the totalUS$370 billion remitted in 2007, more than half went to countries in the medium humandevelopment category against less than one per cent to low human developmentcountries. In 2007, US$35,262 million in remittances were sent to India. Averageremittances per person were US$30, compared with the average for South Asia ofUS$33. (See Table 6 for more details.)
Table 6: Remittances
Total remittance inflows(US$ millions) Remittances per capita(US$)
1. Luxembourg 3,355
67. Sri Lanka 131
98. Bangladesh 41
102. Pakistan 37
1. India 35,262 106. India 30
15. Bangladesh 6,562 126. Iran (Islamic Republic of) 16
17. Pakistan 5,998 133. Maldives 10
151. Maldives 3
157. Burundi 0 157. Burundi 0
Global aggregates
South Asia 53,201 South Asia 33
Medium human development 189,093 Medium human development 44
World 370,765 World 58
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India was mentioned in the Report in pages 1, 3, 13, 17, 22, 27, 28, 33, 34, 36, 38, 41, 42,45, 50, 51, 54, 56, 58, 65, 71, 73, 76, 77, 78, 82, 86, 90, 101, 104, 106, 107, 109, 113,114, and 115.Use this link to access the complete set of country data.
http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/data_sheets/cty_ds_IND.htmlhttp://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/data_sheets/cty_ds_IND.html