Human brains are dynamic organ, where scientists have discovered that there are 2 modes of thinking; these are the focused and the diffused modes. When human exerting his efforts concentrating on a certain topic he is concerned with, this would be the focus mode, but the problem with this mode is that is concentrated and stressed in neuro patterns that you are already familiar with, so if solving a problem which needs a new way of thinking this usually used neuro pattern wont help, actually they will be a problem as it will always take the action on your way of thinking away from the neuro pattern that will actually solve the problem, here comes the importance of the diffuse relaxed mode. The diffuse mode free your mind from the narrow confines of neuro pattern that you are so familiar with trying in the background of your attention to look to the topic much more broadly in a relaxed open minded way, allowing you to create new neuro patterns and way of thinking to solve your problem. There is a fact that you cant be in both modes of thinking in the same time, either you be in a focused or diffuse mode.When you are dealing with something that you are not familiar with this trigger the insular cortex in your brain, which create a feel of pain or hate, so your brain try to guide you attention to other things that your like, this Is what is called procrastination, which not doing things that you have to do because simply you dont like doing it. There are a very nice tool that can help one to overcome this procrastination problem, a technique called the pomodoro , simply its to focus on the topic you are studying for limited time not more than 25 minutes, but without any interruptions so as not to take your attention away from what you are studying, this technique was invented by Francisco Cirrillo in early 1980s, where pomodoro is Italian word for tomato as the timer he used for this technique look like a tomato, after you finish this 25 minutes of focusing you must give yourself a reward, which can be anything you enjoy doing it, like surfing the internet, calling your friend online, eating something you like, anything that change your focus for a while and enter you in a diffuse mode to give your brain a chance to digest what you have learned, and meanwhile to get over the problem of procrastination.Scientists have discovered that there are 2 forms of memory; the long term memory which is concerned with retrieving concepts and skills you already know very well and recognize, and the working memory: which you use to try to understand or solve a problem that you are facing, so as you can see working memory need a lot of concentration, which means it needs a focus mode of thinking, while the long term memory can be effective while you are in a focus or diffused mode. The two types of memories arent totally independent so sometimes you can get a piece of information from your long term memory into your working memory to use it in solving the problem you have, so the two types of memories are related. Scientist used to believe that working memory can deal with 7 items (chucks) at the same time but now they believe that working memory can only deal with 4 items in the same time. Smart people try to group information together so that they can deal with a lot of informations with limited active memory capability, but the problem is that active memory loose the information it deals with very quickly so as it can deal with new items, and so as to move information from active memory to long term memory your active memory has to deal with this information in a repeated manner . On contrary long term memory story informatons in a big area in our brains and so its huge it can store a billions of items, but the problem is how to move information from working memory to long term memory, also there are another problem is how to retrieve the information you stored back from the billions of information you already have in your memory, also practice and repeat which create neuro connections to the piece of memory you use a lot otherwise it would be buried under millions of information you already have and wont be able to get it back, different memories are stored in different areas in or brain. So long term memory is important as it keeps the fundamental concepts and techniques about any topic you try to learn, but to handle any new topic you use your working memory to deal with it, and as we said practice and repetition is way to move the information from working memory to long term memory. A technique that would help doing that without falling the problem of procrastination is called spaced repetition; which is repeating what you try to retain but by spacing this repetition our over a number of days rather than repeating it over and over in one time as scientists notices that this technique would do difference in retaining the information you would like to keep, as it will allow to keep a more stronger synaptic connections about the neuro pattern you would like to create.