بسم ميحرلا نمحرلا هللا

Clinical and industrial pharmacy

Human body structure and function

Semester: 2

lecture no. ( 15 and. 16 )

By:

Dr. weam.A .Mohamed

Phone no. 0912500983

Autonomic nervous system

Body control system

All body functions are regulated b

y two major system:

A.Nervous system.

B. Endocrine system (hormones)

Nervous system

Peripheral neurons of the SNS & ANS

Differences between SNS and ANS

Autonomic nervous system Somatic nervous system

• control smooth and cardiac muscle

• Control involuntary function

• Two neurons connect the CNS with target organ.

• Control the skeletal muscle

• Control voluntary function

• One neuron connect the CNS with the target organ.

Division of the ANS

Fight or flight

(stress)

Rest & digest

Parasympathetic

Differences between sympathetic and parasympathetic.

difference sympathetic parasympathetic

effects Generalized Localized

neurotransmitter Preganglionic (Acetylcholine)

postganglionic (norepinephrine )

Preganglionic (Acetylcholi

ne)

postganglionic (acetylcholi

ne)

Stimulus Stress condition Normal resting condition

Preganglionic neuro

n

Postganglionic neur

on

Short

Long

Long

short

Metabolism Catabolic that release high amount

energy

Anabolic that store energy

Origin (output) thoracolumbar craniosacral

Figure 15.4a

Generalize

Figure 15.4b

The effect of the parasympathetic are exerted by

acetylcholine.

The effect of the sympathetic are exerted by nor

epinephrine

organ Symp. effect Parasymp. effect

Eye pupil dilation constriction

Salivary gland Small secretion Large secretion

Bronchioles dilation constriction

Heart rate Increase Decrease

Contractility Increase No effect

GIT motility Decrease Increase

GIT secretion Decrease Increase

Vessels Constriction No effect

Micturition & defecation Inhibition Excitation

Sweating Increase No effect

Effect of symp. & parasymp. Stimulation

sympathetic

parasympathetic