human anatomy & physiology€¦ · human anatomy & physiology •gross anatomy, or...
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Human Anatomy & Physiology
Mr. Danilo Villar Rogayan Jr.Faculty, Department of Natural Sciences
College of Education, Arts and Sciences
Ramon Magsaysay Technological University
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Human Anatomy & Physiology •Anatomy - study of external and internal structures and the physical relationships between body parts.
•The careful observation of the human body.
•Physiology - study of function, and physiological mechanisms can be explained only in terms of the underlying anatomy.
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Human Anatomy & Physiology
•All specific physiological functions are performed by specific anatomical structures.
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Human Anatomy & Physiology
•Microscopic anatomy (fine anatomy) considers structures that cannot be seen without magnification.
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Human Anatomy & Physiology •Microscopic anatomy (fine anatomy) considers structures that cannot be seen without magnification.•Cytology analyzes the internal structure of cells, the smallest units of life. •Histology takes a broader perspective and examines tissues, groups of specialized cells and cell products that work together to perform specific functions.
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Human Anatomy & Physiology
•Gross anatomy, or macroscopic anatomy, considers relatively large structures and features visible to the unaided eye. There are many ways to approach gross anatomy:•Surface anatomy refers to the study of general form, or morphology, and superficial anatomical markings.
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Human Anatomy & Physiology
•Gross anatomy•Regional anatomy considers all of the superficial and internal features in a specific area of the body, such as the head, neck, or trunk.
•Systemic anatomy considers the structure of major organ systems, such as the skeletal or muscular systems.
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Other Perspectives on Anatomy
•Developmental anatomy examines the changes in form that occur during the period between conception and physical maturity. •Embryology is the study of the early developmental processes
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Other Perspectives on Anatomy
•Comparative anatomy considers the anatomical organization of different types of animals.
•Observed similarities may reflect evolutionary relationships.
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Other Perspectives on Anatomy
•Clinical anatomy focuses on anatomical features that may undergo recognizable pathological changes during illness.
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Other Perspectives on Anatomy
•Surgical anatomy studies anatomical landmarks important for surgical procedures.
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Other Perspectives on Anatomy
•Radiographic anatomy involves the study of anatomical structures as they are visualized by x-rays, ultrasound scans, or other specialized procedures performed on an intact body.
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Other Perspectives on Anatomy
•Cross-sectional anatomy has emerged as a new subspecialty of gross anatomy as new advances in radiographic anatomy, such as CT (computerized tomography) and spiral scans, have emerged.
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Levels of Biological Organization
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Chemical/ Molecular Level
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Cellular Level
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Tissue Level
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Organ Level
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Organ System Level
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Organism Level
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Characteristics of Life
1. Order: Each structure or activity lies in a specific relationship to all other structures and activities.
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Characteristics of Life
2. Metabolism: Organized chemical steps break down (catabolism) and build up molecules (anabolism), making energy available or building needed parts.
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Characteristics of Life
3. Motility: Using their own power, organisms move themselves or their body parts; self-propelled movement.
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Characteristics of Life
4. Responsiveness: Organisms perceive the environment and react to it.
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Characteristics of Life
5. Reproduction: Organisms give rise to others of the same type.
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Characteristics of Life
6. Development: Ordered sequences of progressive changes result in an individual acquiring increased complexity.
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Characteristics of Life
7. Heredity: Organisms have units of inheritance called genes that are passed from parent to offspring and control physical, chemical and behavioral traits.
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Characteristics of Life
8. Evolution: Populations of organisms change over time, acquiring new ways to survive, to obtain and use energy, and to reproduce.
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Characteristics of Life
9. Adaptation: Specific structures, behaviors and abilities suit life-forms to their environment.
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