hub and spoke recycling (2015 keep iowa beautiful annual conference)
TRANSCRIPT
New Frontiers in Solid WasteHub and Spoke Recycling System
Derelict Building Grant Program
Food Waste and Wasted Food
Waste to Energy
Hub and Spoke Recycling System
Centralized Processing and Marketing
Dispersed Collections
Dispersed Collections Dispersed
Collections
Dispersed Collections
Hub and Spoke System
Benefits• Creates economies of scale• Avoids duplicative recycling infrastructure• Develops regional partnerships• Enhances revenue potential• Decreases transportation distances• Increases recycling participation and
material recovery
Hub and Spoke Recycling System
Iowa situation• Established infrastructure and investment• Under served areas of the state• Investment may be needed to upgrade
identified hubs• Potential job creation• HF 643 – Hub and Spoke Recycling Study
Derelict Building Program
Derelict Building Program
What is the Derelict Building Program?• Community beautification program• Economic development program• Health and safety program
Derelict Building Program
Established to provide grant assistance to:• Iowa communities and counties (population
of 5,000 or less)• address publically owned derelict structures
through deconstruction and removal or renovation
Derelict Building Program
Derelict Buildings• Impairs economic development• Fire hazard• Attracts illegal dumping• Vandalism• Environmental and health and safety issues• Visually detracts from the surrounding area
Progress so far…
Grant Round 2011
Grant Round 2013
Grant Round 2014 Total
Applicants 39 37 40 116Projects Selected 15 19 20 54Request Amount $1,224,505 $1,394,400 $1,854,598 $4,473,503Reimbursed Amount $457,333 $329,255 $292,507 $1,079,094Applicant Match $319,678 $340,744 $299,272 $959,694 # of Projects Involving: Asbestos Inspection/Abatement 10 12 17 39 Deconstruction 9 7 11 27 Renovation 1 4 7 12 C&D Tons Generated 10,944 5,409 17,497 33,850C&D Tons Reused/Recycled 9,318 4,959 16,114 30,391 Tons of Asbestos Contaminated Materials Abated 68.8 107.3 103 279Landfill Diversion Savings $407,497 $264,063 $295,160 $966,720% of C&D Diverted from Landfill 85% 92% 92% 90%
City of Slater
City of Slater
City of Slater
City of Slater
City of Slater Results
• Renovation project generated 169 tons of C&D waste• Project diverted 116 tons (68%) from the landfill for
reuse and recycling• Project saved City $5,488 in landfill fees• City provided $100,000 in cash match• DNR provided $58,000 for renovation activities and
asbestos abatement• City sold building as an anchor building on Main Street• Project received 1000 Friends of Iowa’s 2014 Best
Development Award for a commercial/residential project
Food Waste
Food Waste
From a NRDC report:• Getting food from the field to our table uses– 10% of the total US energy– 50% of US land– 80% of all freshwater consumed in the US
• With this level of inputs– 40% of the food in the US goes uneaten– 96% of food waste is landfilled– 23% of US methane emissions comes from landfilled food
Food Waste
• The “average” American eats 4.7 lbs of food each day• The “average” American wastes over 225 pounds of
edible food each year Yet at the same time:• 1 in 8 Iowans are food insecure• 1 in 5 Iowa children does not
have enough to eat
Food Waste
Food Waste Step by Step• Farming
‐ ~ 7% of produce is stranded in the field• Post-harvest and packing
‐ Produce is culled to meet standards for size, color and weight• Processing and distribution
‐ Technical malfunctions and rejected loads• Retail and grocery stores
‐ Overstocking and sell by dates• Food Service and restaurants
‐ Overstocking and portion size• Households
‐ Food is inexpensive and readily available and expiration date confusion• Disposal
‐ 97% of food waste is landfilled, 23% of US methane emissions comes from landfilled food
Food Waste
Addressing Food Waste – Projects and Partnerships• Eat Greater Des Moines– App development to facilitate connection between
food donors, transporters, and donation recipients– Pilot project in Des Moines area– Statewide application if successful
• Iowa Food Bank Association– Pass through grant to local food pantries– Funding assistance for refrigerators and freezers– Increased ability to accept and use perishable food
donations
Food Pantry Grants
Food Waste
• Industrial, Commercial and Institutional Food Waste Study– Investigating the amount, type and frequency of
food waste generation– 10 generator categories (i.e. food processors,
institutions, K-12 schools, supermarkets, hospitals, restaurants, etc.)
– Map food waste generator locations and existing food waste management infrastructure
• Big Ox Energy– An anaerobic digestion facility in NE Iowa– Depackaging system
• ISU Human Sciences Extension and Outreach– Partnering with ISU’s SNAP-Ed Program and Eat Greater
Des Moines– Assisting Iowans understand and implement smart
meal choices– Accessibility to healthy foods
Food Waste
Food Waste Hierarchy
Waste Conversion Technologies
Waste to Energy (WtE)
• The process of generating energy from solid waste
• 4 basic technology/facility types– Incineration– Gasification– Digestion– Bioreactor
Waste Conversion Technology
Incineration• Combustion of solid waste• Energy product is high heat /steam• Reduces original solid waste volume by 80%• Sorting out non-combustibles reduces residuals• Residuals: ash and slag– ash and slag are often landfilled– beneficial use applications - once tested for toxicity
levels
Waste Conversion Technology
Pyrolysis:• thermal decomposition of biomass (organics)• occurs in the absence of oxygen• products of biomass pyrolysis include:– biochar– bio-oil– combustible gases including methane, hydrogen,
carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide
Waste Conversion Technology
Plasma Arc:• Extreme heat - 5,000 to 8000 F • Sorting of waste is not necessary• Because of the high temperatures, organics and
inorganics are broken down into its basic elemental components• converts the waste into fuel gas and an inert slag
Waste Conversion Technology
Anaerobic Digestion• Sorting out inorganics required• Decomposition of food and other organics in the
absence of oxygen• GHGs are recovered to produce energy (methane
and carbon dioxide)• Resulting liquid very high in nutrient value• Resulting digestate provides additional nutrient value
and water holding when land applied
Waste Conversion Technology
Bioreactor Landfills• Leachate is:–Collected–Treated–Reintroduced into the landfill
• GHG are recovered and used to produce electricity
Waste Conversion Technology
• Emissions• Impact on recycling• Expensive to construct• Impact on solid waste agencies• Alternative energy benefit• Reduced GHG release
