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Relative

importance

---------------

Area of

impact

What happened!

The New Role: The Widening Scope of Information Systems


– Storage and retrieval of data – Distribution of digital content– Enabling and enforcing standardization of

process● Automation (most effectively of tedious tasks

or those too complex to be done reliably by humans)

Computers (and computer systems) are great at four things :


Benefits of media break reduction and subsequent automation.


How did 4 things computers do well enable this? (e.g. what was possible before computers & what limits do they overcome to allow innovation?)


So, what exactly is an Information System?

– A set of interrelated components that ● Collect data● Manipulate data● Disseminate data & information ● Provide feedback to meet an objective.

– Examples: ATMs; airline reservation systems; course reservation systems


The three activities in an information system

INPUT OUTPUTPROCESS

FEEDBACK

(Feedback enables modification of input stage)


What are Information Systems?

A combination of technical components - Built and used by people to collect, create, and distribute useful data - Used typically in organizational settings but are evolving for personal

use


Information Systems Components: Data

InformationSystems

HardwareTelecommuni

cations

PeopleData

Software

• The raw inputs for entry into information systems• Organized, processed and stored by an IS to support user

information needs• Provides basis for qualitative/quantitative analysis


Information Systems Components: Hardware

InformationSystems

HardwareTelecommuni

cations

PeopleData

Software

• The physical components of information systems• Hardware components include processors, input and output

devices, and storage devices (Pentium 4)• Typical configurations based on application include micro, mid-

range, mainframe, and super computers


Information Systems Components: Telecommunications

InformationSystems

HardwareTelecommuni

cations

PeopleData

Software

• The communication mechanism of information systems

• Allows two or more computers to communicate (Internet)

• Utilizes standard protocols for IS communication


Information Systems Components: Software

InformationSystems

HardwareTelecommuni

cations

PeopleData

Software

• The instructions that operate the information system• System software controls the hardware (WindowsXP) • Application software allows user tasks to perform specific tasks

to increased productivity (MS Word)


Data vs. Information

● Data: Raw facts– Example: Name, last name, courses

registered● Information: Collection of facts organized in such a

way that they have value beyond the facts themselves– Example: Number of people that register for

a course is more than a the course quota.


The Process of Transforming Data into Information

• Easy to come up with arbitrary transformations (easy to generate information)

• Difficult to come up with a useful transformation (difficult to generate valuable information)


1200100

West Vijay

79154 TM Shoes

Monthly Sales Report for West Region

Sales Rep: Vijay Emp No. 79154Item Qty Sold PriceTM Shoes 1200 Rs.1000

Data Versus Information


Attributes of Information Quality


– Finally: Definition of CBIS’ and what they do:– CBIS’s are formal systems

• Fixed definitions of data, procedures• Collecting, storing, processing, disseminating, using

data– But they are indeed also computerized…so they

take advantage of the 4 things computers do well– Are technology-enabled organizational and

management solutions to challenges posed by the environment.

– Automated support for input, processing, and output of business processes.


Components of a CBIS


Components of a CBIS

– Hardware - computer equipment used to perform input, processing, and output activities.

– Software - computer programs that govern the operation of the computer.

– Database - an organized collection of facts and information, typically consisting of two or more related data files.

– People - the most important element in most computer-based information systems.

– Procedures - include the strategies, policies, methods, and rules for using the CBIS.


– Telecommunications - the electronic transmission of signals for communications.

– Networks - used to connect computers and computer equipment in a building, around the country, or around the world to enable electronic communications.

– Internet - the world’s largest computer network, actually consisting of thousands of interconnected networks

Telecommunications, Network, and the Internet


Thank You

http:// relative importance --------------- area of impact what happened! the new role: the widening...

Documents

information systemfeedback

information systemsorganized

computer systems

useful data

set of interrelated

things computers

software computer programs

process of transforming