http:// egypt. aim: what were the accomplishments of the ancient egyptians? review what were the 8...
TRANSCRIPT
http://www.hdwalle.com/2012/11/egypt.html
Egypt
AIM: What were the accomplishments of the Ancient Egyptians?
Review •What were the 8 basic characteristics of civilization?
•Food surplus = specialization + large labour supply = ability to create huge work projects + $$$
Ancient EgyptAncient Egypt3200-500 BCE
I. Location1. North Africa 2. Natural barriers: Mediterranean Sea, Sahara Desert, Red
SeaA. Result = less prone to invasion.
II. Nile River1. World’s longest river (4000 miles)2. “Gift of the Nile” annual flooding that deposits rich soil.3. Benefits
A. Easy communication.B. Transportation.C. Ample water supply.
Where in the World…?
Look at this map carefully.
How large a role did trade play in Egyptian society?
How large a role did Egyptians play in the development of other civilizations?
Using the maps in the room, complete the blank map (provided).
TransportationNorthbound boats driftedSouthbound boats used
sails
IrrigationDug ditches to access
water
WorshipPredictability gave
comfortBelief in kind gods
reflects the river
Watch Gift of the Nile
Students work through question sheets.
Pyramids
The pyramids were built from LIMESTONELIMESTONE.
The Great Pyramid, built for Pharaoh Khufu, contains over 2 million limestone blocks, each
weighing roughly 2 ½ tons!
As the pyramids still stand today it is easy to see the ancient Egyptians
knowledge in mathematics &
geometry.
The diagram below shows the outside of the Great Pyramid.
The buildings surrounding the pyramid are called Mastabas, which were tombs that held
nobles.
The pyramids in front of the Great Pyramid were built for the Pharaoh’s
Queens.
A temple was built in front of the Great Pyramid to allow daily
rituals, and where offerings were left.
The inside of the pyramid contained many different areas.
• Air Shafts
• King’s Chamber
• Other Chambers
• Grand Gallery
• Queen’s Chamber
• Underground Chamber
Great Pyramid of Giza - 139 m tall!!
The Great SphinxThe Great Sphinx
The Great Sphinx is a large human-headed lion that was
carved from a mound of natural rock. It is located in
Giza where it guards the front of Khafra’s pyramid.
Legends have been told for many years about the Great
Sphinx. These stories tell about the powers & mysteries of the Sphinx. Some people believe that there are hidden
passageways or rooms underneath, but nothing has
been found…. yet!
Watch Intro to Egypt
Focus on:
•What innovations were necessary for the pyramids to be built?
•What technologies did the Egyptians have at an early age?
The earliest form of writing in Egypt were pictographs, like the one you see below. Each picture stood for an idea. For example a picture of a bird would
mean bird.
Hieroglyphics
As time passed and writing came into greater use, scribes needed an easier way to write than drawing elaborate pictures.
As a result, a newer form of hieroglyphics was formed.
Another innovation came likely in the 3rd millennium BC. Papyrus, a paper-like material, was developed. Now scribes could write on a more compact surface instead of stone or clay.
As the Egyptian civilization declined, any chance of deciphering hieroglyphics was lost…
… That is until the Rosetta Stone was discovered in 1799.
The Rosetta Stone contained a message in 3 different languages:
•Hieroglyphics
•Hieroglyphics (in a simpler form)
•Greek
Finally, in 1822 the stone was deciphered!!
King Tut’s Golden Cartouche
Are hieroglyphics still a useful way to express meaning? (consider the following: CUL8R, U, LOL, , etc.)
Watch Gift of the Nile Part 2.
Create an Egyptian cartouche of your own name using the hieroglyphs on the handout (provided). Use the matching hieroglyphs in place of the letters you would use in English.
Once you have the hieroglyphs drawn, colour your cartouche to make it look as nice as the Egyptians would have.
Mummification
The third and innermost gold coffin of Tutankhamun (King Tut).
Mummification: Process of embalming & drying corpses to prevent them from decaying.
Ancient Egyptians believed in an afterlife. They mummified the body so the soul could continue to live in
their afterlife.
Anubis was the god who watched over
the process of mummifying people
when they died.
After the embalming
procedure, the mummy’s internal organs were placed
in these clay Canopic jars.
Obsessed with life after death, Egyptians wrote magical formulas on coffins, papyrus scrolls, and on the walls of
tombs to guide the dead safely to the gates of the Egyptian underworld. These mortuary texts are now described collectively as the Book of the Dead. Such
scrolls, when overlooked by grave robbers, survived in good condition in the tomb.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Moose Jaw Times HeraldPresents…
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
News Flash!!
Mysterious Mummy X Leaves Egypt for Testing in Canada
As you know, the ancient Egyptians practiced a polytheistic, animistic religion. Here are some of the key
gods of the Egyptian religion. Notice their animalistic qualities.
Next to each god you will see their name, and what they are a god of.
Egyptian Gods
RaRa – the sun god. He was
the most important god of the
ancient Egyptians.
IsisIsis – the protective
goddess. She used powerful magic to help
people in need.
AnubisAnubis – the god of embalming
and the dead.
Osiris – god of the dead, and ruler of
the underworld.
SethSeth – the god of chaos.
AtumAtum – the creator god.
Believed to be the first god to
exist.
SekhmetSekhmet – goddess of
war.
HorusHorus – god of the sky. Protector of the pharaoh.
Assignment:
The Ancient Egyptians used their gods to teach lessons to the people. Create a story using some of the Egyptians gods & goddesses we discussed today that teaches a lesson.
Read at least two Egyptian short stories.
Old Kingdom (2660-2180 B.C.E)Religion – pharaoh’s were gods!Pharaoh’s ruled even after deathDecorated walls of burial
chamber to please himPyramids!
Middle Kingdom (2080-1640 B.C.E)Capital moved from Memphis to
ThebesTrade expandedNew religious beliefs
New Kingdom (1570-1075 B.C.E)Wealthier and fancierEmpire buildingGreat buildings
The Three Kingdoms
Egyptian Social Order
Choose someone in Ancient Egyptian society (pharaoh, slave, etc.). See the information posted around the room. For that person describe hour by hour what their day would consist of. (Ex. For a noble, at 7am wake up; 8am have my servants bring me breakfast; etc…)