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Impact pathways – a more Impact pathways – a more complete picture …..complete picture …..

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Network models

How change happensHow change happens

“Improvements in poverty alleviation, food security and the state of natural resources result from dynamic, interactive, non-linear, and generally uncertain processes of innovation.”

EIARD, 2003

How change happensHow change happens

Orlikowski and Hofman, 1997

What is a network?What is a network?

• A network is a collection of people and / or things that are connected to each other by some kind of relationship. • Many kinds of entities can be part of a network:

people, projects, organisations, documents, events, cities, countries, etc.

• And there are many kinds of relationships that can link such entities, involving transmission or exchange of information, money, goods, affection, influence, infection, etc.

Airline network

Road Network

Simpson Family Network

Advantages of network modelsAdvantages of network models

• Actor-oriented descriptions: • observable, understandable, verifiable

• Captures real-life complexity:• We are subject to multiple influences• We influence many others• And influence works both ways

• Multi-disciplinary experience with analysis of networks • Sociology, political science, psychology, biology,

physics, information technologies…

A A network network diagramdiagram

(organisations linked by a project)

Influence pathway: actor + relationship + actor + relationship…

A A network network matrixmatrix

(existence and type of link, and summary rows and columns)

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KNUST 1 1 1 1 5 5 3 3 5,6 5 2 2 7 2 13IWMI 2 3 3 5 2 2 6UDS 2 2 3 3 5 6 6WRI 2 2 3 2 4CREPA 2 7 2ISSER 5 5 2WRC 5 5 2FGs 3 3 3 3 6 5SGs 3 3 3 3MOFA 5 6 5 3MAs 5 5 5 3 4UC 2 2 2RVAU 2 2 2 3CPWF 4 4 2ENTERPRISE2 1URBANET 6 1FRANC 7 1

COUNT 14 6 6 3 2 1 1 5 3 1 3 6 3 1 3 1 1code

1 Coordination2 Technical inputs3 Users of info. Provisio of pilot sites4 Funding5 Policy support6 Extension7 Information

CPWF

CREPA

ENTERPRISE

FGs

FRANC

ISSER

IWMI

KNUST

MAs

MOFA

RVAU

SGs

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UDS

URBANET

WRC

WRI

A plotted A plotted network network diagramdiagram

Today’s tasks…..Today’s tasks…..

1. Identify relevant actors & relationships2. Develop network diagrams for

• Your project now• Residual network 2 years after project

has finished

3. Identify key extension and political support linkages

4. Discuss implications

1. Identify actors & relationships 1. Identify actors & relationships important for your project nowimportant for your project now• Actor types identified in other workshops:

• International NGO; national NGO; local NGO• Community-based organization (CBO); • Farmers’ group;• University; • National agricultural research organization (NARO); • National agricultural extension organization; • Advanced Research Institute (ARI); • Network organization; • Other Govnt. Agency • CG Centre• Private Sector• Religious organizations• Local Govnt. Organizations• Media• CPWF (theme leader, basin coordinator, managing centre)• Federations and associations• Unregistered advocacy groups• Donor

• Identify the actors (Org’s and groups) that your project works with• Avoid overlapping categories

• Split them

• Actors should have relatively specific geographic location

• “Farmer groups in pilot sites in Isabela Province”, rather than “farmer groups in Northern Luzon”

Relationship TypesRelationship Types

1. Administration/ Coor

2. Provision of funding

3. Provision of information

4. Provision of pilot sites

5. Provision of seed

6. Provision of inputs (specify)

6. Research (generally bi-directional)

7. Training / capacity building

8. Outreach of project outputs (scaling out)

9. Provision of / Lobbying for political support (scaling up)

2. Develop network diagram2. Develop network diagram

• Actors: • Use shape, size & colour and labels to

describe who is involved

• Relationships• Use thickness & colour to describe kinds• Use arrows to describe direction• Don’t use distance/length

Also Also construct construct

a a network network matrixmatrix(relationship is of row to column actor)

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KNUST 1 1 1 1 5 5 3 3 5,6 5 2 2 7 2 13IWMI 2 3 3 5 2 2 6UDS 2 2 3 3 5 6 6WRI 2 2 3 2 4CREPA 2 7 2ISSER 5 5 2WRC 5 5 2FGs 3 3 3 3 6 5SGs 3 3 3 3MOFA 5 6 5 3MAs 5 5 5 3 4UC 2 2 2RVAU 2 2 2 3CPWF 4 4 2ENTERPRISE2 1URBANET 6 1FRANC 7 1

COUNT 14 6 6 3 2 1 1 5 3 1 3 6 3 1 3 1 1code

1 Coordination2 Technical inputs3 Users of info. Provisio of pilot sites4 Funding5 Policy support6 Extension7 Information

CPWF

CREPA

ENTERPRISE

FGs

FRANC

ISSER

IWMI

KNUST

MAs

MOFA

RVAU

SGs

UC

UDS

URBANET

WRC

WRI

Map from the matrixMap from the matrix

And ….. List of actorsAnd ….. List of actors

Acronym Full name Location Org. type Partner type

IRRI Int. Rice Research Institute

Los Baños, Philippines

CG Centre Imple-mentor

MOFA Ministry of Fisheries and Agric.

Accra, Ghana

Govnt. Org. Boundary partner

FGs Farmers Groups

Northern Ghana

Farmer Org Ultimate beneficiary