hsmm / 2.4 ghz and antenna building project night brought to you by the other keith (n8xd)
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: HSMM / 2.4 GHz and Antenna Building Project Night Brought to you by The Other Keith (N8XD)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d965503460f94a7f622/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
HSMM / 2.4 GHz andHSMM / 2.4 GHz andAntenna BuildingAntenna Building
Project NightProject Night
Brought to you by Brought to you by
The Other Keith (N8XD)The Other Keith (N8XD)
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Microwave TopicsMicrowave Topics
DevicesDevices AmplifiersAmplifiers LocationsLocations Test EquipmentTest Equipment Transmission LinesTransmission Lines ConnectorsConnectors SoftwareSoftware AntennasAntennas
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2.4 GHz Devices2.4 GHz Devices
Cordless PhonesCordless Phones
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2.4 GHz Devices2.4 GHz Devices
Video SendersVideo Senders
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2.4 GHz Devices2.4 GHz Devices
WiFiWiFi
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2.4 GHz Devices2.4 GHz Devices
Bluetooth and ZigBeeBluetooth and ZigBee
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2.4 GHz Devices2.4 GHz Devices
Wireless CamerasWireless Cameras
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2.4 GHz Devices2.4 GHz Devices
WiMaxWiMax
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2.4 GHz Devices2.4 GHz Devices
SatellitesSatellites
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2.4 GHz Devices2.4 GHz Devices
Microwave OvensMicrowave Ovens
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Signal BandwidthSignal Bandwidth
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PolarizationPolarization
LinearLinear• HorizontalHorizontal• VerticalVertical
EllipticalElliptical• Left handLeft hand• Right handRight hand
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Mis-PolarizationMis-Polarization
LinearLinear• HorizontalHorizontal• VerticalVertical
Elliptical Elliptical
(circular)(circular)• Left handLeft hand• Right handRight hand
Horiz. vs Vert. (20db loss)Horiz. vs Vert. (20db loss)
Eliptical vs Linear (3db loss)Eliptical vs Linear (3db loss)
Left vs Right (20db loss)Left vs Right (20db loss)
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AmplifiersAmplifiers
RF AmplifiersRF Amplifiers• Low Noise Amplifiers (LNA) for receiving Low Noise Amplifiers (LNA) for receiving
small signalssmall signals• Power Amplifiers for transmittingPower Amplifiers for transmitting
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AmplifiersAmplifiers
LocationLocation
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AmplifiersAmplifiers
Bias-Tee (Power Injector, etc)Bias-Tee (Power Injector, etc)
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Obstacles at 2.4 GHzObstacles at 2.4 GHz
Anything SolidAnything Solid• Trees / LeavesTrees / Leaves• BuildingsBuildings• Water?Water?
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Water VaporWater Vapor
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Test EquipmentTest Equipment
Wave MeterWave Meter Frequency CounterFrequency Counter
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Test EquipmentTest Equipment
RF Power MeterRF Power Meter
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Test EquipmentTest Equipment
Signal SourceSignal Source• VCOVCO• Harmonic MultiplierHarmonic Multiplier• Gunn DiodeGunn Diode• Video SenderVideo Sender• Cordless PhoneCordless Phone
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VSWRVSWR
Directional CouplerDirectional Coupler
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Transmission LinesTransmission Lines
WaveguideWaveguide
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Transmission LinesTransmission Lines
CoaxCoax
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Transmission LinesTransmission Lines
MicrostripMicrostrip StriplineStripline
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RF ConnectorsRF Connectors
SMASMA RP-SMARP-SMA
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RF ConnectorsRF Connectors
N – ConnectorN – Connector
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RF ConnectorsRF Connectors
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AntennasAntennas
Waveguide AntennasWaveguide Antennas
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AntennasAntennas
Waveguide Antennas (Horns)Waveguide Antennas (Horns)
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AntennasAntennas
PCB YagiPCB Yagi
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AntennasAntennas
PCB PatchPCB Patch
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AntennasAntennas
PCB Log PeriodicPCB Log Periodic
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AntennasAntennas
1/4 Wave (31 mm)1/4 Wave (31 mm)
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AntennasAntennas
HelicalHelical
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AntennasAntennas
CollinearCollinear
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AntennasAntennas
Parabolic CylinderParabolic Cylinder
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AntennasAntennas
Corner ReflectorCorner Reflector
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AntennasAntennas
DishDish
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Link BudgetLink Budget
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Link Budget SoftwareLink Budget Software
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SoftwareSoftware
Fresnel Zone (60%)Fresnel Zone (60%)
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ConstructionConstruction
Measurements for a 3-1/4” diameterMeasurements for a 3-1/4” diameter• Probe Length = 1.21” (31mm)Probe Length = 1.21” (31mm)• Set 2.49” from back of can (63mm)Set 2.49” from back of can (63mm)
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Multimedia SoftwareMultimedia Software
Conf (NetMeeting)Conf (NetMeeting)• Windows Start ButtonWindows Start Button• Find “Run” on the menuFind “Run” on the menu• Type in “conf” and press enterType in “conf” and press enter
Sends Voice and Video over a Sends Voice and Video over a network – in this case, wireless.network – in this case, wireless.
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Testing MethodsTesting Methods
VSWRVSWR
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Testing MethodsTesting Methods
VSWR MeasurementVSWR Measurement• FP = Forward PowerFP = Forward Power• RP = Reverse PowerRP = Reverse Power
1+sqr(RP/FP) 1+sqr(RP/FP) VSWR = ---------------- VSWR = ---------------- 1-sqr(RP/FP) 1-sqr(RP/FP)
Definition: impedance mismatch between Definition: impedance mismatch between transmission line and loadtransmission line and load
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Testing MethodsTesting Methods
VSWR Measurement ExampleVSWR Measurement Example• FP = .18 mWFP = .18 mW• RP = .05 mWRP = .05 mW
1+sqr(.05/.18) 1+sqr(.05/.18) VSWR = ---------------- = 3.25:1 VSWR = ---------------- = 3.25:1 1-sqr(.05/.18) 1-sqr(.05/.18)
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Testing MethodsTesting Methods
VSWR Mismatch EffectsVSWR Mismatch Effects