hse-bai 4-1

O LNG AN TON

TP ON DU KH VIT NAM

TRNG I HC DU KH VIT NAM

Tu dch v du kh b m chm5 gi sng ngy 12/5/2005, tu Mimosa ca Cng ty Dch v K thut Du kh (PTSC) ang hot ng khu vc m i Hng b tu Trinity ti trng 35.000 tn m chm khi i ngang qua.

16 thuyn vin trn tu c tu dch v khc ang hot ng gn cu sng v a vo b.

2 tu dch v c vi cc trang thit b ng ph du trn c iu ng ra hin trng phng nga du trn. Trinity c yu cu di chuyn v Vng Tu phc v cho vic iu tra, lm r nguyn nhn xy ra tai nn.

Cng ty Bo him du kh (PVI) s iu tra v xem xt bi thng cho ch tu Mimosa ng thi tin hnh i trch nhim t pha ch tu Trinity theo php lut hin hnh v tp qun hng hi quc t.

(Bo Thanh Nin)

5. O LNG AN TON

5.1 S CN THIT

You can not manage what you can not measure(Ci g bn khng o lng c th bn s khng qun l c n)

Drucker

If you do not know where you are going, chances are you will end up somewhere else.(Nu bn khng bit mnh ang i u, th bn cn cha bit u l ch n)

Berra

Khng bit o lng s khng bit h thng qun l hot ng nh th no

5. O LNG AN TON

5.2 YU CU CA MT CNG C O LNG TT

Mt cng c o lng tt: Ph hp v mt hnh chnh Cc ch tiu c th lng ha c C th i chiu c vi cc c s d liu C th dng phn tch, nh gi thng k Nhy cm vi s thay i

Cc mi nguy

cha c

kim sot

Cc mc kim

sot

Cc mi nguy

c kim

sot

Khng tai nn

Khng nhim bnh

C ng hi lng

U VO MC TIUU RAH THNG

5. O LNG AN TON

5.3 O LNG MI NGUY

Mi nguy l mt dng e da tim n, cha xy ra, ch c th d bo.

Cc hot ng khc nhau s to ra cc mi nguy khc nhau.

Nu gim cc mi nguy, s gim mc ri ro.

Qun l cc mi nguy da trn s lng, bn cht, phn b v mc nghim trng.

5. O LNG AN TON

o c mi nguy:

C nhng mi nguy no ?

Mc nghim trng ?

Nhng b phn no phi i mt ?

Mi nguy c thay i theo thi gian ?

Kh nng loi b hay gim thiu mi nguy ?

Kh nng can thip thay i cc mi nguy ?

What hazards to driver ?

5.3 O LNG MI NGUY

5. O LNG AN TON

5.4 O LNG NGUYN NHN

5.4.1 Nguyn nhn trc tip

Nguyn nhn trc tip (tnh hung gy tai nn) l triu chng ca tai nn, c s phn tch, tm ra nguyn nhn c bn.

bit nguyn nhn trc tip:

Nghin cu din bin ca chui s kin iu kin mi trng Phn tch thng k D bo xu hng

5. O LNG AN TON

5.4 O LNG NGUYN NHN5.4.1 Nguyn nhn trc tip

Hnh vi di chun l cc hnh vi khng c tiu chun cho php

(ng di kin hng, ng cu chn gin khoan, ln xung cu thang khng vn lan can, khng tht giy an ton khi li t...)

Xc nh:

Hnh vi no di chun ?

iu kin no di chun ?

5. O LNG AN TON

5.4 O LNG NGUYN NHN5.4.1 Nguyn nhn trc tip

iu kin di chun l iu kin khng t tiu chun:

(Sa cha in khi li in khng c ngt, lm vic ngoi boong tu khi bin ng mnh, ngi trn t khng c giy an ton, lm vic trong kho trong iu kin khng thng gi v sng)

Xc nh:

Hnh vi no di chun ?

iu kin no di chun ?

5. O LNG AN TON

5.4 O LNG NGUYN NHN5.4.2 Nguyn nhn c bn

Nguyn nhn c bn cn gi l nguyn nhn gc (Root cause), l iu kin dn n cc hnh vi di chun v iu kin di chun. tm nguyn nhn gc: V sao c hnh vi di chun (Yu t con ngi) V sao c iu kin di chun (Yu t cng vic)

5. O LNG AN TON


i vi hnh vi di chun c hng dn vn hnh cn cu ? Hng dn

y ? (Sot xt qui trnh vn hnh) Kin hng c vt ti trng cho php (Sot xt qui

trnh vn hnh) Cng nhn c o to ? (Sot xt v o to) Cng nhn c tun th cc tiu chun ? (Kim tra s

tun th)

V d: Tai nn do t cp cn cu:Hnh vi di chun: ng di kin hngiu kin di chun: Cp khng bn. Cc cu hi:

5. O LNG AN TON


i vi iu kin di chun Cht lng cp c bo m ? (Kim tra nh thu,

dch v mua hng) C kim tra, bo tr thng xuyn ? (Sot xt qui

nh bo tr)

V d: Tai nn do t cp cn cu:Hnh vi di chun: ng di kin hngiu kin di chun: Cp khng bn. Cc cu hi:

Nguyn nhn gc c th nm : Qui trnh vn hnh o to S tun th Kim sot nh thu Cng tc bo tr

5. O LNG AN TON

5.4 O LNG NGUYN NHN

5.4.2 Nguyn nhn c bn

?

5. O LNG AN TON

5.4 O LNG NGUYN NHN5.4.3 Nguyn nhn tim tng

Xc nh nguyn nhn sau khi tai nn xy ra l gii php th ng.

Xu hng ngy nay l d bo nguyn nhn tim tng da trn cc nghin cu, kho st, m phng (con ngi, thit b, cng ngh).

y l bin php ngn nga ch ng.

Cn c nhm cn b c kin thc, giu kinh nghim (cng ngh, qun l, ATSK).

5. O LNG AN TON

5.5 O LNG S KIM SOT

H thng QLATSK l qu trnh chuyn ha cc mi nguy khng kim sot thnh cc ri ro c kim sot. Nhng thnh t quan trng ca h thng qun l ATSK gm: Chnh sch an ton sc khe Xy dng, t chc Lp k hoch, thc hin o lng thc hin Thanh tra, sot xt

5. O LNG AN TON

5.5 O LNG S KIM SOT

Pht trin chnh sch

Xy dng h thng

Thanh tra (Audit)

Sot xt

o lng hot ng

Lp k hoch &Trin khai

Chnh sch

Phn hi ci tin

5. O LNG AN TON

5.5 O LNG S KIM SOT

Chnh sch ATSK c c vit v ph bin trong ton n v bng vn bn ?

Chnh sch c ph hp lut php v kh thi ?

c cp nht ?

ang c thc thi c hiu qu ?

5.5.1 Chnh sch

5. O LNG AN TON

5.5 O LNG KIM SOT

H thng qun l ATSK c c lp hay khng ?

Mc thch hp ? Qu trnh trin khai ? S tham gia ca tng c nhn, b

phn v ton h thng S trao i thng tin trong ton h

thng Bo m nng lc cn thit ca mi

c nhn

5.5.2 Xy dng h thng

5. O LNG AN TON

5.5 O LNG S KIM SOT

Vic o lng y xem xt cng vic lp k hoch c c thc hin hay khng, mc thch hp v thc trng trin khai thc hin k hoch : Cng b v ph bin cc k hoch Pht trin h thng kim sot ri ro. Xc nh cc u tin da trn nh gi ri ro Bo m s cn bng gia ngun lc v mc tiu Vn hnh, duy tr v ci thin h thng. Pht trin vn ha an ton sc khe.

5.5.3 Lp k hoch v trin khai

5. O LNG AN TON

5.5 O LNG S KIM SOT

Hot ng theo k hoch ? Mc tiu t hay khng ?

5.5.4 Hot ng o lng qu trnh thc hin

5.5.5 Thanh tra v sot xt

C thanh tra hay khng ? Mc ph hp ? Hiu qu ?

5. O LNG AN TON

5.6 O LNG HU QU

Hu qu bao gm cc thit hi v ngi (ngy lm vic, tn thng, t vong), ti sn, mi trng, thng hiu. Tr li c nhng cu hi: Hu qu gm nhng g (tn thng, thit mng, h hi ti

sn) ? Xy ra u ? Mc nghim trng ? Hu qu tim tng tip theo ? Chi ph l bao nhiu ? Cn phi lm g ci thin h thng qun l an ton sc

khe ? Nhng iu ni trn liu c thay i theo thi gian, ci no s

tr nn tt hn, ci no s xu i ?

5. O LNG AN TON

5.6 O LNG HU QU

T l t vong FAR (Fatal Accident Rate)S ngi cht trong 108 gi lm vic (108 l s gi lm vic trung bnh ca 50.000 ngi trong thi gian 1 nm)

=

. 108

S gi phi nhim (exposed) ngh nghip l s gi lm vic ca ngi lao ng. gin khoan ngoi khi, gi lm vic mi ngy thng l 12 gi. Mt s nc (V d Nauy) coi s gi c mt trn gin khoan l s gi phi nhim ngh nghip. Trong gio trnh ny s gi lao ng gin khoan mi ngy l 12 gi.

5.6.1 Mt s ch s o lng hu qu thng dng

5. O LNG AN TON

5.6 O LNG HU QU


V d:

M Du Beta ngoi khi trong khong thi gian 30 nm pht trin v khai thc c tng cng 7 ngi cht v tai nn lao ng. S ngi c mt m trung bnh l 1250 ngi, thi gian lm vic mi ngy l 12 gi. Hy tnh ch s FAR.

Tng s gi lm vic= (30 nm x 365 ngy x 12 gi x 1250 ngi) = 164.250.000 gi

FAR = 7 : 164.250.000 x 108 = 4,26

T gi tr FAR cho thy m Beta c mc an ton xp x mc trung bnh ton cu cho nhng ngi lm vic ngoi khi (4,44) v tt hn so vi khu vc Bin Bc.

5. O LNG AN TON

5.6 O LNG HU QU

Mc ri ro c nhn cho mt nm (IRPA Individual Risk Per Annum)

IRPA c tnh theo cng thc:

=

. 2000

Ch s IRPA thng c dng nh gi mc ri ro cho mi c nhn lm vic trong mt iu kin nht nh.

IRPA >10-3 cho thy tnh trng mt an ton nghim trng, cn phi c nhng gii php cn bn ci thin, thm ch c th phi dng sn xut.

10-5

5. O LNG AN TON

5.6 O LNG HU QU

Mc ri ro c nhn IRPA ngnh xy dng mt s nc v khu vc


TT Nc/khu vc IRPA Nm

1 EU 13.10-5 1996

2 Php 112.10-5 1996

3 c 115.10-5 1996

4 Ireland 18.10-5 1996

5 Italia 114.10-5 1996

6 Anh 13.10-5 2009

7 Hoa K 11.10-5 2006

5. O LNG AN TON

5.6 O LNG HU QU

Mc ri ro c nhn cho mt nm (IRPA Individual Risk Per Annum)


Bi tp ti ch Trong qu 4 nm 2013, Cng ty Asia Drilling thc hin ng thi 4 ging khoan ngoi khi. Thi gian thc hin mi ging khoan ko di 90 ngy, c mt thng xuyn trn mi gin l 120 ngi. Mi ngi trn gin lm vic 12 gi mi ngy, c sau 15 ngy li c ngh 15 ngy trn b. Trong thi gian ny c mt cng nhn khoan b cht do tai nn lao ng. Gi s rng tnh cht cng vic v iu kin lm vic trn cc gin l nh nhau. Tnh mc ri ro c nhn IRPA v nh gi mc an ton trong cc trng hp:- Thi gian phi nhim lao ng l 12 gi lm vic mi ngy- Thi gian phi nhim lao ng l thi gian c mt trn gin

5. O LNG AN TON

5.6 O LNG HU QU


GiiTrng hp thi gian phi nhim lao ng l 12 gi lm vic mi ngyTng thi gian phi nhim lao ng:

T = 90 ngy x 12 gi x 120 ngi x 4 ging = 518.400 giIRPA = (1/T).2000 = (1/518.400).2000 = 3,86.10-3

Do thi gian thc t ca mi cng nhn ch l mt na (15 ngy lm, 15 ngy ngh) nn:IRPA = IRPA /2 = 3,86.10-3/2 =1,93. 10-3

Mt an ton nghim trng cn phi c gii php cn bn, c th dng d n

Trng hp thi gian phi nhim lao ng l thi gian c mt trn gin:Tng thi gian phi nhim lao ng:

T = 90 ngy x 24 gi x 120 ngi x 4 ging = 1.036.800 giIRPA = (1/T).2000 = (1/1.036.800).2000 = 1,93.10-3

Do thi gian thc t ca mi cng nhn ch l mt na (15 ngy lm, 15 ngy ngh) nn:IRPA = IRPA /2 = 1,93.10-3/2 = 0,96. 10-3

Mt an ton nghim trng, cn gii php gim thiu

5. O LNG AN TON

5.6 O LNG HU QU


T l tn thng gy tn tt (Permannetly Disabling Injurry Rate)

=

. 108

T l s ngy cng ngh do tai nn (Working day loss)

=

. 108

Thit hi ti sn (Trang thit b, bi thng, khc phc, tn tht thng hiu)

=

. 108

5. O LNG AN TON

5.6 O LNG HU QU

5.6.2 o lng tn tht tim nng

o lng nhng tn tht tim nng l d bo tn tht v ngi, ti sn trong tng lai mt khi xy ra tai nn (nh gi ri ro). y l cng vic cn thit ngn nga, gim thiu thit hi trong qu trnh hot ng ca d n, cng ty.

nh gi ri ro thng da trn c s d liu thng k, tnh trng hot ng ca d n, nh my (cng ngh s dng, mc nguy him, tui vn hnh), cc yu t mi trng, cng tc qun l.

5. O LNG AN TON

5.6 O LNG HU QU

5.6.3 u im ca o lng tn tht H tr cng tc qun l, thng c dng nh l ch tiu cn kim sot

ca cc h thng qun l D tnh ton Gip t nh gi t hon thin c tha nhn (Tiu chun ha, chnh ph, cc hip hi ngnh cng

nghip s dng) C th tham chiu cc c s d liu (Quc gia, hip hi, cng ty)

5.6.4 Hn ch ca o lng tn tht

C tnh th ng (Khng bit trc c khi no tai nn xy ra) Qui m t chc, kinh doanh ca cc n v khc nhau, thay i theo thi

gian, s liu nhiu khi khng tnh thng k. Thng tin d b sai lch nu khng c cc bin php kim tra (Nhn thc,

vn ha, tinh thn hp tc ca ngi qun l, ngi lao ng, bc s, c cu tin lng, tin thng, h thng bo him, bi thng, chnh sch cng on, th tc hnh chnh)

hse-bai 4-1

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