hrtm automotive sector

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High & Emerging

Techs Mgt

By

Dr. Sabri [email protected]

Lecture 7

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Technologies in Automotive sector

Automotive sector, some general information

Automotive sector (car industry) is one of the major economical sectors in the world:

-15% of global production

- 806 million cars and light trucks on the road in 2007

- 73 millions units produced in 2007 and 61 millions in 2009

- In 2009 China becomes the major manufacturer of cars and light trucks (14 million units), followed by Japan (8 million units) and then USA (5,7 million units) and Germany (5,2 million units)

- Major producers in the world in 2009: Toyota (7 millions), GM (6,5 million)

And Volkswagen ( 6 million)

- In Syria this industry still a very young one

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Automotive sector, Future trends

-Light material

- Hybrid and electrical cars

- Sensors and Telematics

- New tools to design and manufacture cars

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Light material in automotive industry

80% of the fuel consumption in a car is lost mainly in the engine’s heat and exhaust

Of the resulting force 95% is spent on moving the car and only 5% is spent on moving the driver1% of fuel consumed is actually used in moving the passengers (1 cent for every dollar that one spends on petrol)

- 10% decreases in weight improves the consumption by 6% to 8%

- 1 kg less of the car weight decreases CO2 emissions by 17-20 kg

- Improve the possibility of making efficient electrical and hybrid cars

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Light material in automotive industry

Case study-compact car

- Vehicle total weight: 1160 kg- 10% lightening ~ 100 kg- Reduced fuel consumption 0.3 l/100 km- Life time: 150 000 km- Life time fuel consumption minimization: 450 l

450 l fuel saving in car life time

This represents 700 € per car

Total passenger car production in Europe ~ 17 Mio. /year

Fuel saving: 7.7 M m3 or 220 000 petrol lorries/year Tou

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A350-900 XWBShare of materials (%)

BMW 7erShare of materials (%)

Other

Light alloys

Steel

Composites

Light alloys

Other Plastic, textiles

Steel

Ref: Airbus Deutschland GMBH Ref: BMW group

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Hybrid and electrical cars

Major technologies:

-Fuel cells (still in development and not easy to make on industrial stage due to the need of Liquid Hydrogen)

- Liquid gas cars: This is already in the market but needs special changes in engines

- hybrid cars: The most known is Prius from Toyota

- Electrical cars: Many models will be commercialized in 2011 due to important progress on batteries manufacturing

- Organic based fuels: already in the market

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Major advantages of Fuel cells and electrical cars

-No or low noise because there is no engine

- high efficiency because these cars uses electrical engines which are very efficient engines compared to thermal ones

- Alternative source of energy while they use Hydrogen or electricity which could be produced by other sources than oil

- The se new technologies allows to redesign the cars to adapt them to these new technology (example the driving wheel)

- However Fuel cell cars have a major problem which is the availability of Hydrogen.

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Technologies of sensors and telematics

- Telemeatics is all the systems of communication and exchange of data to improve the safety of the driver.

-This area has an intense research activities to introduce electronic assistance to drivers and make smart cars. The most important research areas are:

- Ability of night vision

- Systems of observation of the environment around the car

- Smart control systems of the car and the driving system

- Services of exchange of information

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Practical applications of vehicle telematics

Vehicle tracking: monitoring the location, movements, status and behaviour of a vehicle or fleet of vehicles. This is achieved through a combination of a GPS and SMS sender installed in each vehicle.

Cold store Cold store freight trailers that are used to deliver fresh or frozen foods are increasingly incorporating telematics to gather data on the temperature inside the cargo container

Fleet management is the management of a company's vehicle fleet. Fleet management includes the management of ships and or motor vehicles such as cars, vans and trucks.

Satellite navigation Satellite navigation in the context of vehicle telematics is the technology of using a GPS and electronic mapping tool to enable the driver of a vehicle to locate a position, plan a route and navigate a journey.

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Practical applications of vehicle telematics

Wireless vehicle safety communications telematics aid in car safety and road safety. It is an electronic sub-system in a car for the purpose of exchanging safety information, about such things as road hazards and the locations and speeds of vehicles.

Emergency warning system for vehicles Telematics technologies are developed for application in the development of intelligent vehicles. By use of telematics as applied to intelligent vehicle technologies, instantaneous direction travel cognizance of a vehicle may be transmitted in real-time to surrounding vehicles traveling in the local area of vehicles equipped to receive said warning signals of danger.

Auto insurance The basic idea of telematic auto insurance is that a driver's behavior is monitored directly while the person drives and this information is transmitted to an insurance company.

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New tools to design and manufacture cars

- The importance of recycling the cars needs the development of new design techniques t ensure the easy recycling operation.

- New design and manufacturing technologies are needed to improve the efficiency of cars and the fuel consumption of cars

- These new tools allow to design smaller and lighter cars

- They allow also the increase of automation and electronic content in cars

- Increase the use of robots and lasers on assembly lines

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New tools to design and manufacture cars

- Improve the use of nano technologies in paint

- Improve the technology of rapid manufacturing

- Create new assembly methods for complex materials

- Create new materials and alloys and mainly environment friendly

- Develop new software to simulate the vehicle behavior and assembly methods T

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Technologies in Metals and minerals sector

Metal and minerals sector, some general information

This sector includes all activities related to the manufacturing and transformation of metals. It includes 8 sectors:

-Basic metals like Steel, Cupper, etc

- Iron metals

- Expensive metals like gold, silver, etc

- Secondary metals like Indium

- Metals dedicated for energy like carbon

- Construction metals like cement and armed cement

- High value minerals like diamond

- Transformation industry

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Metal and minerals sector, main trends

- Alloys technology

- Light metals technology

- Metals Recycling technology

- Nano technology and ceramics

- Advanced ceramics technologies


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Alloys technology, main trends

Alloys can be defined as the process of integration of metals in order to mix the properties of the used metals and create new materials.

Two methods to make alloys:

- Mix of several metals which still independent: stainless steel is a mix of Iron Fe and Cr and Ni

-Mix of materials which creates new chemicals components : NI3 Al

-Alloys are used extensively in different industries like Aerospace, cars,

chemicals


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Light metals technology, main trends

- Extracting and manufacturing light materials is very expensive and mainly Titanium

-The target is to develop light and very strong metals

- The light alloys could be used in the following areas

Automotive AerospaceMetals & MineralsAgro ProcessingICT


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Metals Recycling technology, main trends

-There is a lot of efforts to decrease the wastes in the industry

- Globally, metals are over 90% recycled today in the world

- Some wastes like glass, are used in building or in road building operations

- There is more and more technologies developed to improve the separation of wasted and recycling operations

- It is forbidden in some countries to not treat the industrial wastes.


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Nano technology and ceramics, main trends

- Huge R&D investments in US, UE and Japan

- Nano technologies in ceramics is related to the use of nano powder in the preparation of ceramics or paints.

- Many applications in painting operations (TiO2 and ZnO) to reinforce the surface

- Development of self Heating paints

- New generation of paints for car with 50% of nano particles

- Other applications of nanotechnologies are used in pharmaceutical applications and mainly beauty dedicated products

Nano technologies in ceramics allows

-Reduce cots - Increase quality

- Reduce the consumption of raw material


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Advanced ceramics technologies, main trends

- A major technology to reduce the consumption of raw material and energy

- Advanced ceramics could be used to replace metals (extremely hard materials)

- It is also possible to develop advanced ceramics able to have high conductivity

- Advanced ceramics are more and more used in MEMS

- Advanced ceramics could be also used in military applications for protection

- Advanced ceramics is intensively used in dental field and surgery


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