hp1 1 the tobacco altas 10th anniversay

www.TobaccoAtlas.org

WCTOH Plenary

March 22 9:00 – 10.30 a.m.

A global overview of tobacco control and tobacco industry from the public health,

economic, and political perspective

Tobacco Atlas 10th Anniversary


John Seffrin, PhD

Chief Executive Officer,

American Cancer Society

Introduction


United Nations High-Level Meeting on Non-communicable Diseases

September 2001


“I love everything new, delicious and round”

Advertisement slogan for Kiss Cigarettes in Russia, 2011


Michael Eriksen, ScD

Georgia State University,

Institute of Public Health

Harm, Prevalence, and Industry Trends


Deaths

• Each year, 6 million deaths are caused by tobacco use

• 80% of deaths occur in LMIC

• Tobacco accounts for more

than 15% of male and 7% of

female deaths globally

• 100 million deaths in

20th century


Harm • Harm from tobacco will extend decades

into the future

• Tobacco smoke contains 7,000 chemicals and compounds; at least 69 cause cancer


Secondhand Smoking

• 600,000 deaths annually from secondhand smoke exposure

• Highest exposure rates

(over 50%) in Western Pacific region


Nicotine Delivery Systems • Providers of nicotine

– Pharmaceutical Companies

– Entrepreneurs

– Tobacco Companies

• The Unanswered Question: From whom will you buy your nicotine?


Cigarette Consumption • Nearly 20% of the adult

population smokes

• Top 5 consumers

– China, Russian Federation, US, Indonesia, Japan

• Consumption shifting from West to East (1990-2009)

– Western Europe dropped 26%

– Middle East and Africa increased 57%


Male Tobacco Use

• 800 million adult men worldwide smoke cigarettes

• 80% of male smokers are in low- and middle-income countries

• Average smoking prevalence by income category

– HIC: 30%

– MIC: 34%

– LIC: 21%


Male Tobacco Use

Men’s smoking rates are ten times as

high as women’s in 49 countries.


Female Tobacco Use

• Nearly 200 million adult women smoke cigarettes

• 50% of female smokers are in low- and middle-income countries

• Average smoking prevalence by income category

– HIC: 19%

– MIC: 5%

– LIC: 3%


Female Tobacco Use


Youth Tobacco Use • Boys’ and girls’ smoking rates differ by less

than 5 percentage points in almost half of the world’s countries

• At least 25 countries where more girls smoke than boys

• Majority of smokers begin in their youth

• Approximately a third of youth who initiate smoking eventually die as a result of an adolescent decision


Youth Tobacco Use


Growing Tobacco

• 3.8 million hectares

• 7.1 million tonnes

• China produces 43% of the world’s tobacco (more than other top nine growers combined)

• 2000-2009: Area harvested decreased by the same amount production quantity increased (approx. 7%)

• Grown in 124 countries


Tobacco Companies • Global cigarette market valued at almost

half a trillion dollars (taxes excluded)

• Comparable to GDP of Poland and Sweden

• CNTC manufactured 2.1 trillion of the world’s 5.9 trillion cigarettes (2008)


Undue Influence

• Political Influence

– 2010, US: 168 lobbyists employed and $16.6 million spent to influence politics

• Corporate Social Responsibility

– 2010, PMI: donated $25 million from their $7.5 billion profits (less than 1% of net profits)

• Front Groups

– Partner with associations, think tanks, industry groups


Profit per Death

• $35 billion in annual profits

• 6 million deaths each year

• Nearly $6,000 in profit for every death

caused by tobacco


Hana Ross, PhD


Economics of Tobacco Control


Global Cigarette Production

* Between 2000 and 2010, cigarette production noticeably shifted from the western to the eastern part of Europe.

*


Cigarettes Dominate, but Are Not the Only Tobacco Product of

the Tobacco Industry

Value of global tobacco industry production measured at retail sales price (all taxes included) in 2010, in billions, USD


Global Smokeless Tobacco Sales Volume 60% increase 2000 – 2010

Measured in tonnes


Between 2000 and 2008, Total Costs Attributable to Tobacco Use in China More

Than Quadrupled

2000 $7.2 billion

2008 $28.9 billion


Direct vs. Indirect Tobacco-Related Costs

Direct health-care costs are only a portion of the total cost of tobacco to society. The ratio depends on the country's health-care system and income level.


Change in Affordability

2000 – 2010


Affordability Chapter: Minutes of Labor Required to Purchase a Pack of Cigarettes

At median wage in 2009


Cigarette Consumption Goes Down as Tobacco Taxes Go Up

Real (inflation-adjusted) price of a pack of cigarettes in 1990

Shekels (NIS) in Israel. Increases in cigarette prices were driven

by tax increases.


Tax Revenues Goes Up as Tobacco Taxes Go Up


Tobacco Taxes


Illicit Cigarettes $31.3 billion tax revenue loss per year


The Industry Tends to Exaggerate the Scope of Illicit Trade

as a Counterargument Against Tobacco Control Measures

Illicit trade as a percent of total consumption

Estimates of illicit cigarette trade from the tobacco industry vs. the estimates from academic studies


Michal Stoklosa, M.A.


Economics of Tobacco Control


Manufacturing Cigarettes


Hongyun Factory


Judith Mackay, FRCP

World Lung Foundation

Solutions


FCTC: 87% of World

BUT 20 countries not ratified


FCTC & MPOWER

Monitor tobacco use and

prevention policies

Protectpeople from tobacco

smoke

Offer help to quit tobacco use

Warn about the dangers of

tobacco

Enforce bans on tobaco

advertising, promotion, and

sponsorship

Raise taxes on tobacco

Articles 20, 21

Article 8

Article 14

Articles 11, 12

Article 13

Article 6


Smoke-free areas: doubled 2008 to 2010


SFA: Increasing, no loss of income


Warning labels: ~ 50 Pictorial


Pictorial Packet Warnings: 1st: Canada 2000


Plain Packaging: Australia


Legal Challenges


Mass Media Campaigns


Human rights – treaties, conventions and agreements


Funding


UN Summit, September 2011

BUT tobacco is not included in the MDG


The “end game”

By 2025: 40% reduction in prevalence (WHO) By 2040: End-game: <5%


Questions & Answers


Peter Baldini

CEO, World Lung Foundation

A Tool for Action


Empower advocates

Educate the public

Inspire policy makers

Our goal


TobaccoAtlas.org


• TODAY, your country’s UN representative is meeting in informal negotiations around the UN Rio+20 summit on sustainability

• Use the Atlas or TobaccoAtlas.org to find compelling data about your country

• Visit 15000aDay.org to send your U.N. Representative an email, urging negotiations to make health and tobacco control a priority

Advocate


Thank you to our organizational partners, especially WHO and CDC. And to the dozens of individuals without whom the Atlas would not be possible, including researchers, reviewers

and ACS and WLF staff.

Acknowledgements


@WorldLungFoundation

@ACSGlobal

Facebook.com/WorldLungFoundation

Facebook.com/ACSGlobal

Thank you

hp1 1 the tobacco altas 10th anniversay

Health & Medicine