Dosage forms

Howida Kamal PhD

Ass Prof of Pharmaceutics Cairo University

Dosage forms

Sterile Non-sterile

Dosage forms

Free from all forms of microbial life

(vegetative amp sporing) Extent of total

bioburden

Free from pathogens

Dosage forms

Sterile Non-sterile

Dosage forms

Injections (parentrals)

Ophthalmic Products

All other routes of administration

Dosage forms

Dosage forms

Solid Liquid Semi-solid

bullPowder bullGranules bullTablets bullCapsules bullSuppository bullPessary

bullSolution bullSuspension bullEmulsion

bullCream bullOintment bullPaste bullGel

bullInserts bullSponges bullMicroparticles bullNanoparticles bullLiposomes bullFilms

bullMicroemulsion bullNanoemulsion bullNanosuspension bullIn-situ gels

Dosage forms Dosage forms

Advantages

Disadvantages

Easy to use Suitable for most routes of administration Fast onset of action

Need for dose measurement Short duration of action Bulky to carry and store Liability of drugs to degradation Liable to microbial growth

Dosage forms

Solid Liquid Semi-solid

Dosage forms Dosage forms

Advantages

Disadvantages

Accurate dose Easier to carry and store More drug stability No preservation requirements Suitable for fast and extended drug release

Not for all routes of administration Less convenient for administration for some patients More complex and expensive manufacture

Dosage forms

Solid Liquid Semi-solid

Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Liquid Dosage forms

Dosage forms

Sterile Non-sterile

Dosage forms

Free from all forms of microbial life

(vegetative amp sporing) Extent of total

bioburden

Free from pathogens

Dosage forms

Sterile Non-sterile

Dosage forms

Injections (parentrals)

Ophthalmic Products

All other routes of administration

Dosage forms

Dosage forms

Solid Liquid Semi-solid

bullPowder bullGranules bullTablets bullCapsules bullSuppository bullPessary

bullSolution bullSuspension bullEmulsion

bullCream bullOintment bullPaste bullGel

bullInserts bullSponges bullMicroparticles bullNanoparticles bullLiposomes bullFilms

bullMicroemulsion bullNanoemulsion bullNanosuspension bullIn-situ gels

Dosage forms Dosage forms

Advantages

Disadvantages

Easy to use Suitable for most routes of administration Fast onset of action

Need for dose measurement Short duration of action Bulky to carry and store Liability of drugs to degradation Liable to microbial growth

Dosage forms

Solid Liquid Semi-solid

Dosage forms Dosage forms

Advantages

Disadvantages

Accurate dose Easier to carry and store More drug stability No preservation requirements Suitable for fast and extended drug release

Not for all routes of administration Less convenient for administration for some patients More complex and expensive manufacture

Dosage forms

Solid Liquid Semi-solid

Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Liquid Dosage forms

Dosage forms

Sterile Non-sterile

Dosage forms

Injections (parentrals)

Ophthalmic Products

All other routes of administration

Dosage forms

Dosage forms

Solid Liquid Semi-solid

bullPowder bullGranules bullTablets bullCapsules bullSuppository bullPessary

bullSolution bullSuspension bullEmulsion

bullCream bullOintment bullPaste bullGel

bullInserts bullSponges bullMicroparticles bullNanoparticles bullLiposomes bullFilms

bullMicroemulsion bullNanoemulsion bullNanosuspension bullIn-situ gels

Dosage forms Dosage forms

Advantages

Disadvantages

Easy to use Suitable for most routes of administration Fast onset of action

Need for dose measurement Short duration of action Bulky to carry and store Liability of drugs to degradation Liable to microbial growth

Dosage forms

Solid Liquid Semi-solid

Dosage forms Dosage forms

Advantages

Disadvantages

Accurate dose Easier to carry and store More drug stability No preservation requirements Suitable for fast and extended drug release

Not for all routes of administration Less convenient for administration for some patients More complex and expensive manufacture

Dosage forms

Solid Liquid Semi-solid

Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Liquid Dosage forms

Dosage forms

Dosage forms

Solid Liquid Semi-solid

bullPowder bullGranules bullTablets bullCapsules bullSuppository bullPessary

bullSolution bullSuspension bullEmulsion

bullCream bullOintment bullPaste bullGel

bullInserts bullSponges bullMicroparticles bullNanoparticles bullLiposomes bullFilms

bullMicroemulsion bullNanoemulsion bullNanosuspension bullIn-situ gels

Dosage forms Dosage forms

Advantages

Disadvantages

Easy to use Suitable for most routes of administration Fast onset of action

Need for dose measurement Short duration of action Bulky to carry and store Liability of drugs to degradation Liable to microbial growth

Dosage forms

Solid Liquid Semi-solid

Dosage forms Dosage forms

Advantages

Disadvantages

Accurate dose Easier to carry and store More drug stability No preservation requirements Suitable for fast and extended drug release

Not for all routes of administration Less convenient for administration for some patients More complex and expensive manufacture

Dosage forms

Solid Liquid Semi-solid

Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Liquid Dosage forms

Dosage forms Dosage forms

Advantages

Disadvantages

Easy to use Suitable for most routes of administration Fast onset of action

Need for dose measurement Short duration of action Bulky to carry and store Liability of drugs to degradation Liable to microbial growth

Dosage forms

Solid Liquid Semi-solid

Dosage forms Dosage forms

Advantages

Disadvantages

Accurate dose Easier to carry and store More drug stability No preservation requirements Suitable for fast and extended drug release

Not for all routes of administration Less convenient for administration for some patients More complex and expensive manufacture

Dosage forms

Solid Liquid Semi-solid

Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Liquid Dosage forms

Dosage forms Dosage forms

Advantages

Disadvantages

Accurate dose Easier to carry and store More drug stability No preservation requirements Suitable for fast and extended drug release

Not for all routes of administration Less convenient for administration for some patients More complex and expensive manufacture

Dosage forms

Solid Liquid Semi-solid

Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Liquid Dosage forms

Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Liquid Dosage forms

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Suspending agent

OW WO

Dosage forms Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Deflocculated

Flocculated

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Dosage forms Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Dosage forms Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Advantages Disadvantages Dose uniformity Easy to prepare Suitable for all routes of adminstration Fast onset of action Easy to use

Not for insoluble drugs Not for oral bitter drugs Short duration of action Bulky to carry Liability of drugs to degradation Need for dose measurement Liable to microbial growth

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Advantages Disadvantages For insoluble drugs For bitter drugs Longer duration of action Better chemical stability Suitable for most routes of administration Easy to use

Risk of dose variation More difficult to prepare Physical instability issues Bulky to carry Need for dose measurement Liable to microbial growth

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Advantages Disadvantages For insoluble drugs For bitter drugs More chemical drug stability Longer duration of action Improved absorption Suitable for most routes of administration Easy to use

More difficult to prepare Physical instability Risk of rancidity Bulky to carry Need for dose measurement Liable to microbial growth

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Excepients bullSolvent bullSolubilizing agents bullPreservatives bullAntioxidants bullBuffer bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Excepients bullSuspension medium bullSuspending agents bullWetting agents bullViscosity adjusters bullPreservatives bullAntioxidants bullBuffer bullSweetening agents bullColoring agent

Excepients bullAqueous solvent bullOily phase bullEmulsifying agents bullPreservatives

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Aqueous Non aqueous

Oily Hydroalcoholic Injections Elixirs

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Aqueous Oily

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

WO OW

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Liquid Semi-solid

Ointment Suppository

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Liquid Semi-solid

cream ointment

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Used as powder

To be reconstituted

Solution Suspension

Dosage forms Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Dosage forms Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Advantages Disadvantages Dose uniformity Easy to prepare Suitable for all routes of adminstration Fast onset of action Easy to use

Not for insoluble drugs Not for oral bitter drugs Short duration of action Bulky to carry Liability of drugs to degradation Need for dose measurement Liable to microbial growth

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Advantages Disadvantages For insoluble drugs For bitter drugs Longer duration of action Better chemical stability Suitable for most routes of administration Easy to use

Risk of dose variation More difficult to prepare Physical instability issues Bulky to carry Need for dose measurement Liable to microbial growth

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Advantages Disadvantages For insoluble drugs For bitter drugs More chemical drug stability Longer duration of action Improved absorption Suitable for most routes of administration Easy to use

More difficult to prepare Physical instability Risk of rancidity Bulky to carry Need for dose measurement Liable to microbial growth

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Excepients bullSolvent bullSolubilizing agents bullPreservatives bullAntioxidants bullBuffer bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Excepients bullSuspension medium bullSuspending agents bullWetting agents bullViscosity adjusters bullPreservatives bullAntioxidants bullBuffer bullSweetening agents bullColoring agent

Excepients bullAqueous solvent bullOily phase bullEmulsifying agents bullPreservatives

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Aqueous Non aqueous

Oily Hydroalcoholic Injections Elixirs

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Aqueous Oily

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

WO OW

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Liquid Semi-solid

Ointment Suppository

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Liquid Semi-solid

cream ointment

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Used as powder

To be reconstituted

Solution Suspension

Dosage forms Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Advantages Disadvantages Dose uniformity Easy to prepare Suitable for all routes of adminstration Fast onset of action Easy to use

Not for insoluble drugs Not for oral bitter drugs Short duration of action Bulky to carry Liability of drugs to degradation Need for dose measurement Liable to microbial growth

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Advantages Disadvantages For insoluble drugs For bitter drugs Longer duration of action Better chemical stability Suitable for most routes of administration Easy to use

Risk of dose variation More difficult to prepare Physical instability issues Bulky to carry Need for dose measurement Liable to microbial growth

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Advantages Disadvantages For insoluble drugs For bitter drugs More chemical drug stability Longer duration of action Improved absorption Suitable for most routes of administration Easy to use

More difficult to prepare Physical instability Risk of rancidity Bulky to carry Need for dose measurement Liable to microbial growth

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Excepients bullSolvent bullSolubilizing agents bullPreservatives bullAntioxidants bullBuffer bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Excepients bullSuspension medium bullSuspending agents bullWetting agents bullViscosity adjusters bullPreservatives bullAntioxidants bullBuffer bullSweetening agents bullColoring agent

Excepients bullAqueous solvent bullOily phase bullEmulsifying agents bullPreservatives

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Aqueous Non aqueous

Oily Hydroalcoholic Injections Elixirs

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Aqueous Oily

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

WO OW

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Liquid Semi-solid

Ointment Suppository

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Liquid Semi-solid

cream ointment

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Used as powder

To be reconstituted

Solution Suspension

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Advantages Disadvantages For insoluble drugs For bitter drugs Longer duration of action Better chemical stability Suitable for most routes of administration Easy to use

Risk of dose variation More difficult to prepare Physical instability issues Bulky to carry Need for dose measurement Liable to microbial growth

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Advantages Disadvantages For insoluble drugs For bitter drugs More chemical drug stability Longer duration of action Improved absorption Suitable for most routes of administration Easy to use

More difficult to prepare Physical instability Risk of rancidity Bulky to carry Need for dose measurement Liable to microbial growth

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Excepients bullSolvent bullSolubilizing agents bullPreservatives bullAntioxidants bullBuffer bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Excepients bullSuspension medium bullSuspending agents bullWetting agents bullViscosity adjusters bullPreservatives bullAntioxidants bullBuffer bullSweetening agents bullColoring agent

Excepients bullAqueous solvent bullOily phase bullEmulsifying agents bullPreservatives

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Aqueous Non aqueous

Oily Hydroalcoholic Injections Elixirs

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Aqueous Oily

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

WO OW

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Liquid Semi-solid

Ointment Suppository

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Liquid Semi-solid

cream ointment

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Used as powder

To be reconstituted

Solution Suspension

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Advantages Disadvantages For insoluble drugs For bitter drugs More chemical drug stability Longer duration of action Improved absorption Suitable for most routes of administration Easy to use

More difficult to prepare Physical instability Risk of rancidity Bulky to carry Need for dose measurement Liable to microbial growth

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Excepients bullSolvent bullSolubilizing agents bullPreservatives bullAntioxidants bullBuffer bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Excepients bullSuspension medium bullSuspending agents bullWetting agents bullViscosity adjusters bullPreservatives bullAntioxidants bullBuffer bullSweetening agents bullColoring agent

Excepients bullAqueous solvent bullOily phase bullEmulsifying agents bullPreservatives

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Aqueous Non aqueous

Oily Hydroalcoholic Injections Elixirs

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Aqueous Oily

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

WO OW

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Liquid Semi-solid

Ointment Suppository

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Liquid Semi-solid

cream ointment

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Used as powder

To be reconstituted

Solution Suspension

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Excepients bullSolvent bullSolubilizing agents bullPreservatives bullAntioxidants bullBuffer bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Excepients bullSuspension medium bullSuspending agents bullWetting agents bullViscosity adjusters bullPreservatives bullAntioxidants bullBuffer bullSweetening agents bullColoring agent

Excepients bullAqueous solvent bullOily phase bullEmulsifying agents bullPreservatives

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Aqueous Non aqueous

Oily Hydroalcoholic Injections Elixirs

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Aqueous Oily

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

WO OW

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Liquid Semi-solid

Ointment Suppository

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Liquid Semi-solid

cream ointment

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Used as powder

To be reconstituted

Solution Suspension

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Aqueous Non aqueous

Oily Hydroalcoholic Injections Elixirs

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Aqueous Oily

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

WO OW

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Liquid Semi-solid

Ointment Suppository

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Liquid Semi-solid

cream ointment

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Used as powder

To be reconstituted

Solution Suspension

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Aqueous Oily

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

WO OW

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Liquid Semi-solid

Ointment Suppository

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Liquid Semi-solid

cream ointment

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Used as powder

To be reconstituted

Solution Suspension

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

WO OW

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Liquid Semi-solid

Ointment Suppository

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Liquid Semi-solid

cream ointment

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Used as powder

To be reconstituted

Solution Suspension

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Liquid Semi-solid

Ointment Suppository

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Liquid Semi-solid

cream ointment

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Used as powder

To be reconstituted

Solution Suspension

Dosage forms

Liquid Dosage forms

Suspension Solution Emulsion

Liquid Semi-solid

cream ointment

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Used as powder

To be reconstituted

Solution Suspension

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Used as powder

To be reconstituted

Solution Suspension

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Bulk powder

Divided powders

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Aggregates of powdered materials

(2-4 mm)

To be reconstituted

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Aggregates of powdered materials

(2-4 mm)

To be reconstituted

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Conventional release

Controlled release

Extended Delayed (enteric)

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Dosage forms

Tablet Compression

Dosage forms

Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Capsules

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Dosage forms

Capsules

Multilayer tablets

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Dosage forms

Capsules

Multilayer tablets

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Dosage forms

Capsules

Coated tablets

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Dosage forms

Capsules

Coated tablets

Sugar coat Film coat

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Conventional Controlled release

Orodispersible Chewable Soluble

Effervescent

Extended Delayed (enteric)

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Hard gelatin Soft gelatin

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Conventional Controlled release

Orodispersible Chewable Soluble

Effervescent

Extended Delayed (enteric)

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Hard gelatin Soft gelatin

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Hard gelatin Soft gelatin

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Hard gelatin Soft gelatin

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Conventional release

Controlled release

Extended Delayed (enteric)

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Dosage forms

Rectal Vaginal (Pessaries)

Urethral

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Dosage forms Dosage forms

Dissolve Melt Disintegrate

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Dosage forms Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Advantages Disadvantages Dissolve and disperse more readily

For bulk amounts of drugs Accurate dose (divided) Easier to carry and store More drug stability No preservation requirements

Poor flowability Hygroscopic Ability to cake Not for all routes of administration

Dosage forms Dosage forms Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Advantages

Disadvantages

Good flowability For large amounts of drugs More stable against moisture and caking Easier to be wetted Accurate dose (divided) Easier to carry and store More drug stability No preservation requirements Suitable for fast and extended drug release

Not for all routes of administration

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Dosage forms

Capsules

Advantages Disadvantages Accurate dose

Easier to carry and store More drug stability No preservation requirements Suitable for fast and extended drug release Mask bad taste of drugs

Slow onset of action compared to liquids Not for all routes of administration Less convenient for administration for some patients

Solid

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Dosage forms

Capsules

Advantages Disadvantages Faster action than tablets Easier to swallow For solid semisolid and liquid drugs Accurate dose More drug stability Easier to carry and store No preservation requirements Suitable for fast and extended drug release Mask bad taste of drugs

Solid

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Dosage forms

Capsules

Advantages Disadvantages

Slow onset of action compared to liquids Not for all routes of administration Less convenient for administration for some patients More complex and expensive manufacture

Solid

Dosage forms

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullBinders bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullBinders bullDisintegrants bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Cocoa butter

Surfactant Glycerinated gelatin

Polyethylene glycol

Dosage forms Dosage forms

Dissolve Melt Disintegrate

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Dosage forms Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Advantages Disadvantages Dissolve and disperse more readily

For bulk amounts of drugs Accurate dose (divided) Easier to carry and store More drug stability No preservation requirements

Poor flowability Hygroscopic Ability to cake Not for all routes of administration

Dosage forms Dosage forms Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Advantages

Disadvantages

Good flowability For large amounts of drugs More stable against moisture and caking Easier to be wetted Accurate dose (divided) Easier to carry and store More drug stability No preservation requirements Suitable for fast and extended drug release

Not for all routes of administration

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Dosage forms

Capsules

Advantages Disadvantages Accurate dose

Easier to carry and store More drug stability No preservation requirements Suitable for fast and extended drug release Mask bad taste of drugs

Slow onset of action compared to liquids Not for all routes of administration Less convenient for administration for some patients

Solid

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Dosage forms

Capsules

Advantages Disadvantages Faster action than tablets Easier to swallow For solid semisolid and liquid drugs Accurate dose More drug stability Easier to carry and store No preservation requirements Suitable for fast and extended drug release Mask bad taste of drugs

Solid

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Dosage forms

Capsules

Advantages Disadvantages

Slow onset of action compared to liquids Not for all routes of administration Less convenient for administration for some patients More complex and expensive manufacture

Solid

Dosage forms

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullBinders bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullBinders bullDisintegrants bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Cocoa butter

Surfactant Glycerinated gelatin

Polyethylene glycol

Dosage forms Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Advantages Disadvantages Dissolve and disperse more readily

For bulk amounts of drugs Accurate dose (divided) Easier to carry and store More drug stability No preservation requirements

Poor flowability Hygroscopic Ability to cake Not for all routes of administration

Dosage forms Dosage forms Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Advantages

Disadvantages

Good flowability For large amounts of drugs More stable against moisture and caking Easier to be wetted Accurate dose (divided) Easier to carry and store More drug stability No preservation requirements Suitable for fast and extended drug release

Not for all routes of administration

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Dosage forms

Capsules

Advantages Disadvantages Accurate dose

Easier to carry and store More drug stability No preservation requirements Suitable for fast and extended drug release Mask bad taste of drugs

Slow onset of action compared to liquids Not for all routes of administration Less convenient for administration for some patients

Solid

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Dosage forms

Capsules

Advantages Disadvantages Faster action than tablets Easier to swallow For solid semisolid and liquid drugs Accurate dose More drug stability Easier to carry and store No preservation requirements Suitable for fast and extended drug release Mask bad taste of drugs

Solid

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Dosage forms

Capsules

Advantages Disadvantages

Slow onset of action compared to liquids Not for all routes of administration Less convenient for administration for some patients More complex and expensive manufacture

Solid

Dosage forms

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullBinders bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullBinders bullDisintegrants bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Cocoa butter

Surfactant Glycerinated gelatin

Polyethylene glycol

Dosage forms Dosage forms Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Advantages

Disadvantages

Good flowability For large amounts of drugs More stable against moisture and caking Easier to be wetted Accurate dose (divided) Easier to carry and store More drug stability No preservation requirements Suitable for fast and extended drug release

Not for all routes of administration

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Dosage forms

Capsules

Advantages Disadvantages Accurate dose

Easier to carry and store More drug stability No preservation requirements Suitable for fast and extended drug release Mask bad taste of drugs

Slow onset of action compared to liquids Not for all routes of administration Less convenient for administration for some patients

Solid

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Dosage forms

Capsules

Advantages Disadvantages Faster action than tablets Easier to swallow For solid semisolid and liquid drugs Accurate dose More drug stability Easier to carry and store No preservation requirements Suitable for fast and extended drug release Mask bad taste of drugs

Solid

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Dosage forms

Capsules

Advantages Disadvantages

Slow onset of action compared to liquids Not for all routes of administration Less convenient for administration for some patients More complex and expensive manufacture

Solid

Dosage forms

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullBinders bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullBinders bullDisintegrants bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Cocoa butter

Surfactant Glycerinated gelatin

Polyethylene glycol

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Dosage forms

Capsules

Advantages Disadvantages Accurate dose

Easier to carry and store More drug stability No preservation requirements Suitable for fast and extended drug release Mask bad taste of drugs

Slow onset of action compared to liquids Not for all routes of administration Less convenient for administration for some patients

Solid

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Dosage forms

Capsules

Advantages Disadvantages Faster action than tablets Easier to swallow For solid semisolid and liquid drugs Accurate dose More drug stability Easier to carry and store No preservation requirements Suitable for fast and extended drug release Mask bad taste of drugs

Solid

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Dosage forms

Capsules

Advantages Disadvantages

Slow onset of action compared to liquids Not for all routes of administration Less convenient for administration for some patients More complex and expensive manufacture

Solid

Dosage forms

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullBinders bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullBinders bullDisintegrants bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Cocoa butter

Surfactant Glycerinated gelatin

Polyethylene glycol

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Dosage forms

Capsules

Advantages Disadvantages Faster action than tablets Easier to swallow For solid semisolid and liquid drugs Accurate dose More drug stability Easier to carry and store No preservation requirements Suitable for fast and extended drug release Mask bad taste of drugs

Solid

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Dosage forms

Capsules

Advantages Disadvantages

Slow onset of action compared to liquids Not for all routes of administration Less convenient for administration for some patients More complex and expensive manufacture

Solid

Dosage forms

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullBinders bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullBinders bullDisintegrants bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Cocoa butter

Surfactant Glycerinated gelatin

Polyethylene glycol

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Dosage forms

Capsules

Advantages Disadvantages

Slow onset of action compared to liquids Not for all routes of administration Less convenient for administration for some patients More complex and expensive manufacture

Solid

Dosage forms

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullBinders bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullBinders bullDisintegrants bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Cocoa butter

Surfactant Glycerinated gelatin

Polyethylene glycol

Dosage forms

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullBinders bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullBinders bullDisintegrants bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Cocoa butter

Surfactant Glycerinated gelatin

Polyethylene glycol

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullBinders bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullBinders bullDisintegrants bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Cocoa butter

Surfactant Glycerinated gelatin

Polyethylene glycol

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullBinders bullDisintegrants bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Cocoa butter

Surfactant Glycerinated gelatin

Polyethylene glycol

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Excepients bullFillers (diluents) bullLubricant bullSweetening agents bullFlavoring agents bullColoring agent

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Cocoa butter

Surfactant Glycerinated gelatin

Polyethylene glycol

Dosage forms

Powders Suppositories Granules Tablets

Solid Dosage forms

Capsules

Cocoa butter

Surfactant Glycerinated gelatin

Polyethylene glycol

Dosage forms

Semi-solid Dosage forms

Cream Gel Ointment Paste

WO

emulsion

OW emulsion

Hydrocarbon

base Water soluble

base

Absorption base

Water removable base

Semi-solid Dosage forms

Dosage forms

Cream Gel Ointment Paste

Dosage forms

Semi-solid Dosage forms Semi-solid Dosage forms

Cream Gel Ointment Paste

Thicker stiffer and less penetrating than ointments

aqueous fatty

Dosage forms

Semi-solid Dosage forms

Cream Gel Ointment Paste

Organic macromolecules

uniformly distributed in a

liquid

Dosage forms

Semi-solid Dosage forms

Cream Gel Ointment Paste

Organic macromolecules

uniformly distributed in a

liquid