8/14/2019 How to Write an Abstract by Yazid Jibrel

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cmwifk fw qkdmlhbhmw mowfkxls+

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mgs~wmo~+ ^ja mq~jfw yjf yhbb uwasak~ ~jamgs~wmo~ sjfqbn ga bhs~an dhws~+ Fkbx

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mddhbhm~hfks wabatmk~ ~f ~ja s~qnx sjfqbn gahkobqnan iakawmbbx ~ja naumw~lak~ mknhks~h~q~hfk m~ yjhoj ~ja yfw` yms nfka+

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>+ Wathsa hd kaoassmwx

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Ojffsa muuwfuwhm~a sqgcao~s mkn ofk~wfbshd kaoassmwx Xfq lmx kaan ~f wathsa ubmksmoofwnhki ~f ~ja `hkn fd um~hak~s hktfbtan hk xfqw uwmo~hoa+

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Nhsoqss xfqw ubmk yh~j m ghfs~m~hs~hohmk

Ofbbao~ nm~m, xfq lmx nf m slmbb uhbf~s~qnx dhws~

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_ohak~hdho Lawh~

Obhkhomb wabatmkoa fw shikhdhomkoa

_qh~mghbh~x dfw mqnhakoa&laa~hki

_fla Iakawmb Mnthoa dfw Ywh~hki Mgs~wmo~sDfbbfy ~ja hks~wqo~hfks+ H~ hs ms~fqknhkijfy lmkx uafuba sqglh~ yfw` ~jm~ nfas kf~dh~ ~ja nasowhu~hfk fd yjm~ hs nashwan" fwmgs~wmo~s ~jm~ tmwx hk dfwlm~ fw s~xba dwfl~j.m~ suaohdhan hk ~ja iqhnabhkas+ Qsashluba" naobmwm~hta sak~akoas+ Mo~hta tfhoa hsuwadawmgba ~f umsshta tfhoa+ 'Ya s~qnhan 4jxgwhns fd Dwmzhkqs su+ hs lqoj ga~~aw ~jmk'4 jxgwhns fd Dwmzhkqs su+ yawa s~qnhan+++'

Qkbass ~jax mwa gmsho" qkhtawsmbbx mooau~anmggwathm~hfks" mowfkxls mkn mggwathm~hfkssjfqbn ga suabban fq~ ~ja dhws~ ~hla ~jax mwaqsan hk ~ja mgs~wmo~+ _hlhbmwbx" bfombazuwasshfks mkn cmwifk sjfqbn ga ym~ojan

dfw mkn abhlhkm~an dwfl ~ja mgs~wmo~+Gadfwa ~ja mgs~wmo~ hs sqglh~~an" h~ sjfqbn

ga nfqgba,ojao`an dfw mooqwmox" kf~ fkbx fd ~ja nm~m waufw~an gq~ fd ~ja nasowhu~hfk fd ~ja la~jfns mkn mbb f~jaw na~mhbs+ ^mgbasmkn dhiqwas sjfqbn ga ojao`an asuaohmbbx omwadqbbx+ Jmthki fka fw lfwa ofbbamiqas*yjf yawa kf~ hktfbtan hk ~ja s~qnx( wamn~ja mgs~wmo~ mkn fddaw ofks~wqo~hta owh~hohslomk ga az~walabx jabudqb+

Hnambbx" xfqw mgs~wmo~ yhbb ga mnnan ~f muqgbho nm~mgmsa sqoj ms LANBHKA fwUqgLan mkn yhbb ~jawadfwa mojhata mlqoj yhnaw nhs~whgq~hfk ~jmk ~ja cfqwkmbmw~hoba h~sabd+

Ufs~ sqglhsshfkFkoa xfq jmta sqglh~~an xfqw mgs~wmo~ s~mw~~jhk`hki mkn ubmkkhki ~ja uwasak~m~hfk+

Aksqwa xfq jmta gff`an xfqw ubmoa m~ ~jaofkdawakoa mkn jmta ~wmtab mwwmkialak~s hkubmoa+ Hd mooau~an xfq sjfqbn s~ho` ~f ~jafwhihkmb mgs~wmo~ mkn kf~ hk~wfnqoa kay fwnhddawak~ yfw`+

Ms gf~j fwmb mkn ufs~aw uwasak~m~hfkswa}qhwa shikhdhomk~ yfw` xfq lhij~ ofkshnaw

ywh~hki mk mw~hoba fk ~ja sqgcao~" ~jm~ ymx xfq ia~ ~yf lamks fd suwamnhki ~ja yfwn+Iffn bqo` mkn kfy ia~ ywh~hki-

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/

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Azmlubas dfw ywh~hki Mgs~wmo~s

_mluba Mgs~wmo~ *=(Azmluba fd m yabb,s~wqo~qwan mgs~wmo~ gx GLC

Wmknflhsan ofk~wfbban ~whmb fd suaohmbhs~ kqwsa hk~awtak~hfk hk jamw~ dmhbqwa7Fgcao~htas ^f na~awlhka yja~jaw suaohmbhs~ kqwsa hk~awtak~hfk hluwftas fq~ofla hk um~hak~syh~j ojwfkho jamw~ dmhbqwa+Nashik Wmknflhsan ofk~wfbban ~whmb+_a~~hki Moq~a lanhomb mnlhsshfks qkh~ hk m ~amojhki jfsuh~mb+Umw~hohumk~s=41 um~hak~s mnlh~~an yh~j jamw~ dmhbqwa nqa ~f bad~ tak~whoqbmw sxs~fbho nxsdqko~hfk^ja hk~awtak~hfk s~mw~an gadfwa nhsojmwia mkn ofk~hkqan ~jawamd~aw yh~j jfla thsh~s dfw qu ~f =xamw+Lmhk fq~ofla lamsqwas ^hla ~f dhws~ atak~ mkmbxshs fd nam~j dwfl mbb omqsas fw wamnlhsshfk ~fjfsuh~mb yh~j yfwsakhki jamw~ dmhbqwa+Wasqb~s?= um~hak~s *?9!( hk ~ja hk~awtak~hfk iwfqu nhan fw yawa wamnlh~~an yh~j jamw~ dmhbqwa

oflumwan yh~j >1 *1?!( hk ~ja qsqmb omwa iwfqu *jm mwn wm~hf " U 55=:(" dayaw mnlhsshfks dfw mkx wamsfk *:4 t==>(" dayaw mnlhsshfks dfw jamw~ dmhbqwa *=8 t >1" U555=( mkn suak~ dayaw nmxs hk jfsuh~mb dfw jamw~ dmhbqwa *lamk ?>? t 9>4 nmxs" U5551=(+Ofkobqshfks _uaohmbbx ~wmhkan kqwsas omk hluwfta ~ja fq~ofla fd um~hak~s mnlh~~an ~f jfsuh~mbyh~j jamw~ dmhbqwa+

_mluba mgs~wmo~ *7(Lfwh a~ mb+ Ohwomnhmk obfo` uwf~ahk @mhO dfwls M^U,nauaknak~ jazmlawho whkismkn ghkns NKM+ Uwfo+ Km~b+ Momn+ _oh+ 883=975?,:+Hk~wfnqo~hfk@mhO dwfl_xkaojfofooqs abfkim~qs UOO 98>7 *@mhO( hs mk assak~hmb ohwomnhmkobfo` uwf~ahk hk oxmkfgmo~awhm+ Uwathfqs sa}qakoa mkmbxsas sqiias~an h~s hkobqshfkhk ~ja WaoM&NkmG squawdmlhbx+ M ojmwmo~awhs~ho fd ~ja uwf~ahks fd ~jhs squawdmlhbxhs ~jm~ ~jax dfwl jflfjazmlawho oflubazas ~jm~ ghkn NKM+La~jfns $ Wasqb~s Ya sjfy jawa ~jm~ @mhO mbsf dfwls whki oflubazas yh~j m oak~wmb ufwa ~jm~omk ga thsqmbh an gxabao~wfk lhowfsofux+ M oflghkm~hfk fd mkmbx~homb qb~wmoak~whdqm~hfk mknojwflm~fiwmujho mkmbxsas nalfks~wm~as ~jm~ ~jasa oflubazas mwa jazmlawho+ ^jamssfohm~hfk fd @mhO lfbaoqbas hk~f jazmlaws nauakns fk ~ja uwasakoa fd M^U+ ^ja@mhO sa}qakoa nfas kf~ hkobqna ~ja fgthfqs NKM,ghknhki lf~hds dfqkn hk WaoMfw NkmG+ Kataw~jabass" @mhO ghkns dfw`an NKM sqgs~wm~as+Nhsoqsshfk ^jasa nm~m squufw~ ~ja hkobqshfk fd @mhO hk~f ~ja WaoM&NkmG squawdmlhbx mkn jmtahlufw~mk~ hlubhom~hfks dfw ak xlm~ho mo~hth~x fd @mhO hk ~ja ohwomnhmk obfo` laojmkhsl ~jm~waiqbm~as ibfgmb ojmkias hk iaka azuwasshfk um~~awks+

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Ba~s gwam` ~jhs mgs~wmo~ nfyk hk~f ~ja ojmwmo~awhs~hos lak~hfkan mgfta+ =+ Baki~j+ ^jhs mgs~wmo~ hs =>? yfwns bfki+ ^jhs hs sjfw~ fd ~ja 715 yfwn bhlh~"gq~ hk mk mgs~wmo~ h~ hs ga~~aw ~f ga sjfw~aw ~jmk bfkiaw *yh~jhk wamsfk(+ ^jhs hs mgfq~~ja mgsfbq~a sjfw~as~ mk mgs~wmo~ sjfqbn ga+7+ Hk~wfnqo~hfk+ ^ja mgs~wmo~ gaihks yh~j ~jwaa sak~akoas fd hk~wfnqo~hfk+

@mhO dwfl_xkaojfofooqs abfkim~qs UOO 98>7 *@mhO( hs mk assak~hmb ohwomnhmk obfo` uwf~ahk hkoxmkfgmo~awhm+ Uwathfqs sa}qakoa mkmbxsas sqiias~an h~s hkobqshfk hk ~ja WaoM&NkmGsquawdmlhbx+ M ojmwmo~awhs~ho fd ~ja uwf~ahks fd ~jhs squawdmlhbx hs ~jm~ ~jax dfwljflfjazmlawho oflubazas ~jm~ ghkn NKM+Kf~hoa ~jm~ ~ja hkdfwlm~hfk hs suaohdho ~f ~ja yfw` gahki nfka+ Iakawmbhkdfwlm~hfk mgfq~ ~ja fwimkhsl fw ftawmbb dhabn fd wasamwoj hs hk ~ja Hk~wfnqo~hfksao~hfk fd ~ja umuaw+ ^ja uqwufsa fd ~ja mgs~wmo~ hs ~ja ihta ~ja lmzhlql mlfqk~fd uaw~hkak~ hkdfwlm~hfk hk ~ja lhkhlql mlfqk~ fd sumoa+?+ La~jfns&Wasqb~s *nm~m(+ ^ja nm~m hs ihtak hk hknhthnqmb sailak~s+Ya sjfy jawa ~jm~ @mhO mbsf dfwls whki oflubazas yh~j m oak~wmb ufwa ~jm~ omk ga thsqmbh an gxabao~wfk lhowfsofux+

M oflghkm~hfk fd mkmbx~homb qb~wmoak~whdqm~hfk mkn ojwflm~fiwmujho mkmbxsas nalfks~wm~as ~jm~~jasa oflubazas mwa jazmlawho+^ja mssfohm~hfk fd @mhO lfbaoqbas hk~f jazmlaws nauakns fk ~ja uwasakoa fd M^U+^ja @mhO sa}qakoa nfas kf~ hkobqna ~ja fgthfqs NKM,ghknhki lf~hds dfqkn hk WaoM fw NkmG+Kataw~jabass" @mhO ghkns dfw`an NKM sqgs~wm~as+Kf~hoa ~jm~ hknhthnqmb uhaoas fd nm~m mwa ihtak qsqmbbx hk = sak~akoa+^ja akn wasqb~ fd ~ja azuawhlak~ hs ihtak *nauakns fk ~ja uwasakoa fd M^U(yh~jfq~ na~mhbs *kqlgaws" gmkn fk iab" a~o+(Mbsf kf~hoa ~jm~ fd~ak ~ja ~aojkh}qa qsan hs lak~hfkan gq~ kf~ nasowhgan hk na~mhb+*abao~wfk lhowfsofux" qb~wmoak~whdqim~hfk" ojwflm~fiwmujho mkmbxsas(>+ Nhsoqsshfk+ ^ja lamkhki fd ~ja wasqb~s hk wabm~hfk ~f ~ja jxuf~jashs&~fuho hsihtak+^jasa nm~m squufw~ ~ja hkobqshfk fd @mhO hk~f ~ja WaoM&NkmG squawdmlhbx mkn jmta hlufw~mk~hlubhom~hfks dfw ak xlm~ho mo~hth~x fd @mhO hk ~ja ohwomnhmk obfo` laojmkhsl ~jm~ waiqbm~asibfgmb ojmkias hk iaka azuwasshfk um~~awks+^ja akn wasqb~ fd ~ja nm~m hs sqllmwh an mkn ~ja hlufw~mkoa fd h~ hs hktfbtan yh~j~ja ftawmbb ~fuho fd ohwomnhmk obfo` laojmkhsl+ 1+ Hlufw~mkoa+ Yjx ~ja yfw` yms nfka+ mkn jmta hlufw~mk~ hlubhom~hfks dfw ak xlm~ho mo~hth~xfd @mhO hk ~ja ohwomnhmk obfo` laojmkhsl ~jm~ waiqbm~as ibfgmb ojmkias hk iaka azuwasshfkum~~awks+^ja bms~ sak~akoa bamtas ~ja hluwasshfk ~jm~ ~jhs yfw` jms hlufw~mk~ hlubhom~hfks fk ~ja obfo` lfnab ~jm~ waiqbm~as ibfgmb ojmkias hk iaka azuwasshfk um~~awks+ ^jfqij m s~m~alak~ fd uqwufsa" h~ hs m dmhwbx yam` fka+ M s~wfkiaw fka yfqbn jmtas~m~an yjx ~ja s~qnx fd ~ja ohwomnhmk obfo` laojmkhsl hs hlufw~mk~ ~f ~ja yfwbn+

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Yfw`s Oh~an M Uwmo~homb Iqhna dfw jamb~j wasamwojaws PGff`\ & mq~j+ Dm~jmbbm Lmjlfqn D+ Dm~jmbbmmkn Lfjmlan L+D++ , Ps+b+\ 3 YJF waihfkmb uqgbhom~hfks+ , Ams~awk Lanh~awwmkamk _awhas0 ?5( 3uu+ =?=,=?7+

Jfy ~f Ywh~a m _ohak~hdho Mgs~wmo~ PFkbhka\ & mq~j+ Oqw~hs gx Um~who` && Qkhtawsh~x fd Yhknsfw+ , cqbx 7=" 7559+ , cqbx 7=" 7558+ , j~~u3&&yag?+qyhknsfw+om&+

_ohak~hdho Ywh~hki , amsx yjak xfq `kfy jfy PGff`\ & an+ Uam~ Cakkhdaw+ , Ps+b+\ 3 GLC gff`s" 7557+ , uu+ ?:,1=+