how to write a proposal - university of arizonadial/ece596a/proposals.pdf · 2006-09-13 · how to...
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How to Write a Proposal
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Audience
non-equal peers (sponsor)equal peers (reviewers)
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Types of Proposals
solicitedsponsor “asks” for proposalscompetitivefixed deadlines, content
unsolicitedmay be non-competitivearbitrary deadlines, content“whitepaper” precursor
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Solicited Proposals
Request For Proposals (RFP)Sponsor-initiatedSponsor-specified
areas of interestdeadlinescost (sometimes)content (sections, page count, etc)
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Unsolicited ProposalsProposer-initiatedOften “whitepaper” precursor
brief (few pages) technical description
no budget, but may include Rough Order of Magnitude (ROM) cost estimate
If encouraged by sponsor, follow-up with full proposal
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Proposal Content
Technical proposalManagement proposalCost proposalStatement Of Work (SOW)Timeline
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Technical Proposal
Statement of problem addressedTechnical approachAnticipated results
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Management Proposal
Principal-Investigator (PI)co-PIsDescribe how goals will be metIf multiple groups (e.g. 2 or more universities), describe their relationship, and how tasks will be divided
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Cost Proposal“Line item” budget
Direct costlabor, including benefitsmaterials, suppliestravel
Indirect cost“overhead” (cost-of-doing-business)typically, about 50% for public universities, 100+% for companies
Budget justificationshort text justification of major items
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Example Budget(hypothetical)
labor
professor(10% AY, 2 months summer) $20,000
graduate research assistant(50% AY, 2 months summer) $24,000
benefits faculty (20%)students (25%) $10,000
materials, supplies $3,000
travel 2 person-trips, Tucson-Washington DC $3,000
Total Direct Cost $60,000
Indirect Cost 50% direct cost $30,000
capital equipment Sun workstation $10,000
Total Cost $100,000
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Statement Of Work (SOW)
Specific tasks to be performedSpecific “deliverables” (sometimes separate section)
hardwaresoftwarereports
Specific timeline
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TimelineMajor and minor milestonesDivision of tasksTools
PERT chart (http://www.netmba.com/operations/project/pert/
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another example (http://www.smartdraw.com/examples/pert/airplanedesign.htm)
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GANTT chart (http://claret.kpno.noao.edu/wiyn/wttm_design/proj_sched.html)
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another example (http://www.smartdraw.com/examples/gantt/construction.htm)
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General AdviceProposals are
Selling document (program, project)
Commitment (cost, time)
Be positive, but honest, about expectationsReviewers often detect a proposal that promises too much for the resources requested
If proposal is successful, be sure you can perform as promised