How to Use and How to Use and Cite SourcesCite SourcesA Quick GuideA Quick Guide

Citing SourcesCiting Sources When you use info from a source in your When you use info from a source in your

paper, you need to tell your readers where you paper, you need to tell your readers where you got it.got it.

Your source will go at the end of your sentence Your source will go at the end of your sentence in a certain format: it’s called a in a certain format: it’s called a parenthetical parenthetical citationcitation..

A A parenthetical citation parenthetical citation is a short note, placed is a short note, placed in parenthesis, recognizing a source of in parenthesis, recognizing a source of information information

Example: “One particular legend says that Example: “One particular legend says that Hephaestus wished to marry Athena, who was Hephaestus wished to marry Athena, who was also a patron of smiths, but she refused also a patron of smiths, but she refused because she found him ugly” because she found him ugly” (Leadbetter)(Leadbetter)..

Citing Sources, con’t.Citing Sources, con’t.

If you are citing an If you are citing an onlineonline source with an source with an author, the author’s last name goes in author, the author’s last name goes in parentheses. parentheses. Ex: “Sophomores are all geniuses!” (Rolfe).Ex: “Sophomores are all geniuses!” (Rolfe).

If you are citing an If you are citing an onlineonline source with NO source with NO author named, the title of the webpage or author named, the title of the webpage or article goes in parentheses. article goes in parentheses. Ex: “Sophomore teachers are geniuses Ex: “Sophomore teachers are geniuses

too!” (“Why These Papers Will Rock”).too!” (“Why These Papers Will Rock”).

Citing Sources, con’t.Citing Sources, con’t.

If you are citing a If you are citing a bookbook source with an source with an author, the author’s last name(s) goes in author, the author’s last name(s) goes in parentheses along with the page parentheses along with the page number(s) where the information can be number(s) where the information can be found.found. ““Your tears do not wash away your sorrows. Your tears do not wash away your sorrows.

They feed someone else’s joy” (Tan 217).They feed someone else’s joy” (Tan 217).

Ways to Use Your Ways to Use Your SourcesSources

There are 3 major ways you can present There are 3 major ways you can present information from a source in your paper:information from a source in your paper: Direct quotationDirect quotation SummarySummary ParaphraseParaphrase

Direct QuotationDirect Quotation

A “direct quote” is a string of words taken from A “direct quote” is a string of words taken from the text EXACTLY how it is written.the text EXACTLY how it is written.

““In fact, the only goddess Hephaestus had In fact, the only goddess Hephaestus had pursued was Zeus' daughter, Athena, who pursued was Zeus' daughter, Athena, who rejected him rejected him "because she found him "because she found him ugly" (Leadbetter). ugly" (Leadbetter).

We do this if we like the way the author put We do this if we like the way the author put something and do not want to change his or something and do not want to change his or her words.her words.

Direct Quotation, con’t.Direct Quotation, con’t.

When you quote, you CAN use a whole When you quote, you CAN use a whole sentence or a string of sentences, BUT…sentence or a string of sentences, BUT… It is better to embed your quote.It is better to embed your quote.

To embed, you insert SOME of the author’s To embed, you insert SOME of the author’s words into your own sentence.words into your own sentence.

In fact, the only goddess Hephaestus had In fact, the only goddess Hephaestus had pursued was Zeus' daughter, Athena, who pursued was Zeus' daughter, Athena, who rejected him rejected him "because she found him "because she found him ugly" (Leadbetter).ugly" (Leadbetter).

Direct Quotation, con’t.Direct Quotation, con’t.

Why embed quotes?Why embed quotes? Usually, the writer’s words will not fit into your Usually, the writer’s words will not fit into your

paper exactly as they are. This is the full quote paper exactly as they are. This is the full quote from the text:from the text: ““One particular legend says that Hephaestus wished One particular legend says that Hephaestus wished

to marry Athena, who was also a patron of smiths, to marry Athena, who was also a patron of smiths, but she refused because she found him ugly” but she refused because she found him ugly” (Leadbetter).(Leadbetter).

But I don’t need all that! So I keep what I DO But I don’t need all that! So I keep what I DO need, and scrap the rest.need, and scrap the rest.

Citing Direct QuotationCiting Direct Quotation

Make sure you notice the FORMAT of Make sure you notice the FORMAT of citing your source:citing your source:

In fact, the only goddess Hephaestus had In fact, the only goddess Hephaestus had pursued was Zeus' daughter, Athena, pursued was Zeus' daughter, Athena, who rejected him who rejected him ""because she found because she found him uglyhim ugly"" ((LeadbetterLeadbetter).).

SummarySummary

Sometimes, your source will go into a lot of detail on a Sometimes, your source will go into a lot of detail on a topic, but you just need to give a general idea. topic, but you just need to give a general idea.

Look at how Look at how longlong this excerpt from a source is: this excerpt from a source is:

The gods on Mount Olympus pleaded with The gods on Mount Olympus pleaded with Hephaestus to return to their heavenly domain, as Hephaestus to return to their heavenly domain, as to release Hera, but he refused. to release Hera, but he refused. Dionysus gave the gave the smith god wine, and when Hephaestus was smith god wine, and when Hephaestus was intoxicated, Dionysus took him back to Mount intoxicated, Dionysus took him back to Mount Olympus slumped over the back of a mule. This Olympus slumped over the back of a mule. This scene was a favorite in Greek art. Hephaestus scene was a favorite in Greek art. Hephaestus released Hera after being given the beautiful released Hera after being given the beautiful Aphrodite as his bride. as his bride.

Summary, con’t.Summary, con’t.

This student needed to tell the story, but didn’t This student needed to tell the story, but didn’t want to go through all that! This is her want to go through all that! This is her summary, which is ½ as long:summary, which is ½ as long:

All the gods tried to convince Hephaestus to free All the gods tried to convince Hephaestus to free her, but finally, Dionysus, god of wine and her, but finally, Dionysus, god of wine and parties, got Hephaestus drunk enough that he parties, got Hephaestus drunk enough that he took a deal: he would free his mother if he could took a deal: he would free his mother if he could have Aphrodite as his wife (Leadbetter). have Aphrodite as his wife (Leadbetter).

ParaphraseParaphrase

Sometimes, you want to say BASICALLY the same Sometimes, you want to say BASICALLY the same thing as an author, but you want to say it differently, in thing as an author, but you want to say it differently, in your own words. This is called paraphrasing.your own words. This is called paraphrasing.

From source:From source: “So great were Aphrodite's seductive “So great were Aphrodite's seductive abilities that every god, including the great Zeus, abilities that every god, including the great Zeus, desired her as his wife. However, Aphrodite was too desired her as his wife. However, Aphrodite was too proud for any of her suitors and rejected them all” proud for any of her suitors and rejected them all” (Lombardi). (Lombardi).

From student’s paper:From student’s paper: Everyone wanted to marry her, Everyone wanted to marry her, including Zeus (although he was already married to including Zeus (although he was already married to Hera), but while her romantic affairs were innumerable, Hera), but while her romantic affairs were innumerable, she refused to marry anyone (Lombardi). she refused to marry anyone (Lombardi).

Citing Summary and Citing Summary and ParaphraseParaphrase

Citing these is almost the same as direct Citing these is almost the same as direct quotation… there’s just no quotation quotation… there’s just no quotation marks.marks.

All the gods tried to convince Hephaestus to free All the gods tried to convince Hephaestus to free her, but finally, Dionysus, god of wine and her, but finally, Dionysus, god of wine and parties, got Hephaestus drunk enough that he parties, got Hephaestus drunk enough that he took a deal: he would free his mother if he could took a deal: he would free his mother if he could have Aphrodite as his wife have Aphrodite as his wife ((LeadbetterLeadbetter).).

Did you get it?Did you get it?

Here’s your text, by Ms. Rolfe:Here’s your text, by Ms. Rolfe:Unfortunately, the little security pin at the bottom of the Unfortunately, the little security pin at the bottom of the glass door was faulty; it didn’t latch tightly enough, so glass door was faulty; it didn’t latch tightly enough, so when the demon kitty thwacked it, it fell right into the when the demon kitty thwacked it, it fell right into the gap, and jammed the door shut. The kitty just looked gap, and jammed the door shut. The kitty just looked at me, faking innocence, as I pawed at the locked door.at me, faking innocence, as I pawed at the locked door.

1. Write a sentence that embeds a direct quote from this 1. Write a sentence that embeds a direct quote from this little story. Cite the source!little story. Cite the source!

2. Write a summary of the paragraph. Cite the source!2. Write a summary of the paragraph. Cite the source!3. Write a paraphrase of one line. Cite the source!3. Write a paraphrase of one line. Cite the source!