how to document sources in apa style

8/8/2019 How to Document Sources in APA Style

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/how-to-document-sources-in-apa-style 1/8

How to Document Sources in APA Style

Many social sciences classes at Honolulu CommunityCollege use the American Psychological Association (APA)

style for citations. This guide provides frequently citedsources. For those not included here, please consult the

Publication Manual of the American PsychologicalAssociation. Refer to Chapter 4.16, Elements andExamples of Reference in APA Style, pp. 231-281, for

examples.

Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th editionCall number: BF76.7 .P83 2001

Visit the APA style web site at http://www.apastyle.org

I. References

References provide the information necessary for a reader to locate and retrieve

any source you cite in the body of the paper. Your reference list should appear

at the end of your paper. It should begin on a separate page from the text of the

essay under the label References (with no quotation marks, underlining, etc.),centered at the top of the page.

Basic Rules

y Author's names are inverted. Begin with last name, followed by a

comma, then by middle and first initials. Example: Smith, M. F. Use

"&" instead of "and" when listing multiple authors. Example: Calfee,

R. C., & Valencia, R. R.

y Date: The publication date should be enclosed in parentheses.

Example: (1998)

y Title: Italicize titles of books and periodicals. Capitalize only the first

word of a title and subtitle of a work. Close with a final period.

Example: Curing the crisis: Options for America's health care.

y Location: You should always list the city, but you should also include

the state abbreviation if the city is not well known for publishing. You

can omit state for the following cities: Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, Los

Angeles, New York, Philadelphia, and San Francisco. Place a colon (:)after location. Example: Springfield, MA:

y Publisher (for books): Use the full name of the publisher, but drop

Co., Inc., Publishers, etc. Retain Books or Press. Close with a period.

Example: Merriam-Webster.

y Reference list must be double-spaced. All lines after the first line of

each entry should be indented one-half inch from the left margin.



The reference list should be alphabetized by authors' last names. If

you have more than one work by the same author, order them by

publication date, oldest to newest. If no author is given for a

particular source, alphabetize using the title of the work.

BOOK S - General Format Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Book title. Location: Publisher.

One Author

Reagan, M. D. (1992). C uring the crisis: Options for America's health care.

Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Two Authors

Cohen, L. G., & Spenciner, L. J. (1994). Assessment of young children. White

Plains, NY: Longman.

Three to Six Authors

Pratkanis, A. R., Brecker, S. J., & Greenwald, A. G. (1989). Attitude

structure and

function. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

y If a book has more than six authors, after giving the sixth author 's nameand initial, use et al. (not italicized and with a period after "al") to

indicate the remaining authors of the book.

Edited Book

Gibbs, J. T., & Huang, L. N. (Eds.). (1991). C hildren of color: Psychological

interventions with minority youth. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

y For a book with just one editor, use (Ed.).

Book with an Author and

anEd

itor

Welty, E. (1994). A writer's eye: C ollected book reviews (P. A. McHaney,Ed.).

Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.

Chapter from a Book

Rubenstein, J. P. (1967). The effect of television violence on small children.



Saywitz, K. J., Mannarino, A. P., Berliner, L., & Cohen, J. A. (2000).

Treatment for

sexually abused children and adolescents. American Psychologist,

55,

1040-1049.

y If, and only if, each issue of a journal begins on page 1, give the issue

number in parentheses immediately after the volume number. See

example below.

Klimoski, R., & Palmer, S. (1993). The ADA and the hiring process in

organizations.

C onsulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 45 (2), 10-36.

Magazine Articles

Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Beyond the melting pot. T ime, 135, 28-31.

Newspaper Articles

Schwartz, J. (1993, September 30). Obesity affects economic, social

status. T he

Washington Post , pp. A1, A4.

y If an article appears on discontinuous pages, give all page numbers, and

separate the numbers with a comma. Example: pp. B1, B3, B5-7.

INTER NET SOUR CES - General Formats

Article from a Database

Author, A. A. (Date of publication). Title of article. T itle of Periodical,

volume

number (issue number), pages. Retrieved month date, year, from

Database

name.

Online Document

Author, A. A. (Date of publication). T itle of article. Retrieved month date,year,

from http://web address



Because the Internet is constantly changing, it is important that you give the

uniform resource locator (URL) of the Internet resource and the date youaccessed it. Provide as much identifying information as possible. The APA

citation will include as many of the following elements in the order listed. For some Web sites you may only have a title, a date of access and an address to

cite.

y Author(s) last name and initials, if available. If not available, start

with the title.

y Date of publication, in parentheses, if available. The date should beexpressed as either a year, a year and a month, or a year, month and

date depending on what information is available from the Web site.

y Title of work , italicized. If the source is a periodical article, include thetitle of the article (not italicized), and then the name of the periodical,

italicized, followed by a volume number, also italicized, if available.Use "headline" style capitalization for name of the periodical. This

means that the first letter of each important word should be capitalized.

Example: U .S. News & World Report

y Pagination information, if available. More often than not, this will

NOT be available for Web sites.

y Retrieval information includes the date of retrieval as well as the

unique URL of a Web site. Avoid dividing the URL at the end of a line.If absolutely necessary, divide it at a slash (/) or before a period.

Example: Retrieved July 30, 2002, from http://www.hcc.hawaii.edu/library

y If the source is from a library-based electronic resource the retrieval

information will include the date of retrieval and the proper name of the

database. Example: Retrieved August 22, 2002, from General

Reference Center database.

Articles from Library Electronic Databases

White, B. (2002, July 30). Stocks make more big gains. T he Washington

Post ,

p. A1. Retrieved August 1, 2002, from NewsBank database.

Geiger, H. J. (2001, May). Terrorism, biological weapons, and bonanzas:

Assessing

the real threat to public health. American Journal of Public Health,91,

708-709. Retrieved August 1, 2002, from Academic Search Premier

database.



R adio or Television Program

Crystal L. (Executive Producer). (1993, October 11). T he Mac N eil/Lehrer news hour

[Television broadcast]. New York and Washington, DC: PublicBroadcasting

Service.

II. Quotations in Text

When you quote, summarize, or use the ideas from another source, you should

list the author 's last name, followed by a comma, then by publication year in

parentheses in your text. Indicate the page when citing a specific part of a

source. Always give page numbers for quotations.

Example:

A traumatic response frequently entails a "delayed, uncontrolled

repetitive appearance of hallucinations and other intrusivephenomena" (Caruth, 1996, p.11)

One work by one author

(Walker, 2000)

More than one author with the same last name

(H. James, 1878); (W. James, 1880)

Two or more works in the same parentheses

(Fussel, 1975; Caruth, 1996; Showalter, 1997)

Six or more authors

(Smith et al, 1998)

If the source has no known author, use the title

y Cite the first few words of the title and the year. Use double quotation

marks around the title of article or chapter

Full Title: "California Cigarette Tax Deters Smokers"

Citation: ("California," 1999)



y Italicize the title of a periodical, book, or report.

the book C ollege Bound Seniors (1979)

Specific part of a source

(Cheek & Buss, 1981, p. 332)

(Jones, 1995, chap. 2)

Personal communications (e-mail, personal interviews, and telephoneconversations, etc.)

Source: email message from John Smith

Citation: (J. Smith, personal communication, May 16, 1998)

y Personal communication is not available to your readers. Cite it in text

only. Do not include it in the reference list. Give the initials as well asthe surname of the communicator, and provide as exact date as possible.

A general reference to a web site

Source: Honolulu Community College Library web site

Citation: (http://www.hcc.hawaii.edu/library)

how to document sources in apa style

Documents