how to do your research presentation research methods ire2002y radhakrishnan

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How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

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Page 1: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

How to do your research presentation

Research Methods IRE2002Y

Radhakrishnan

Page 2: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Two elements of your research presentation

• Content

• Form

Page 3: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Content of your research presentation

• Explain the logic of your Hypothesis

• Describe how you tested your Hypothesis

• Make logical inferences from research on your hypothesis

Page 4: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

• Why the variables in your hypothesis are related

OR

• Why the variables in your hypothesis are not related

Explaining the logic for/against your hypothesis

Page 5: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

How to explain why two things are related

1.Create a good general impression

2.Conceptualize parts

Page 6: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

• Create a good general impression via graphic or model

1st step to explaining why two things are related

Extraversion NV Skills+

Extraversion is related to non verbal skills

Page 7: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

How to explain why two things are related

1.√ Creating a good general impression

2.Conceptualize parts

Page 8: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

• Break down process/conceptualize parts– Give brief definition of each variable to

illustrate how they are connected– Illustrate an example of the process

• Cite empirical research

2nd step to explaining why two things are related

Page 9: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Example: Brief definition & breaking down the process

Page 10: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

• Non-verbal Skills – E.g., Ability to perceive & interpret emotions

accurately

• Examples– e.g., ability to decode/encode

• tone of voice, • eye contact, • facial expressions

Example brief definition of first variable

cite previous research on measurement here

Page 11: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

• Extraversion– tendency to be frank, talkative, fun loving,

sociable across different types of situations & time

• Example items (from Goldberg IPIP)

– I am interested in people – I start conversations– I talk to a lot of different people at parties – I don't talk a lot.

Example brief definition of second variable

Page 12: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Extraversion Social experiences+ NV Skills

+

Extraverts have better non verbal skills because they have more social experiences

Cite previous empirical/theoretical research on hypothesis here

Page 13: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Social experiences

Practice old skills

Develop newSkills

+

+

More social experiences helps practice old skills or develop new skills

Cite previous empirical/theoretical research on hypothesis here

Page 14: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Extraversion Social experiences

Practice old skills

NV Skills

Develop newSkills

+

+

++

+

• Extraverts have more social experiences which help them practice old skills or develop new skills which in turn improves NV skills

Cite previous empirical/theoretical research on hypothesis here

Page 15: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Example of how to break down the process by giving an

illustration of the process by using an empirical study

Page 16: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Goal Specificity & DifficultyPerformance

Specific & difficult goals improve performance

Cite previous empirical/theoretical research on hypothesis here

Page 17: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Type of Goal

Specific & Difficult Goal

“Do your best” Goal

Performance High Low

• Unskilled, uneducated loggers paid at piece rate were randomly assigned to one of two groups

Describing the empirical Study (XX ??) demonstrating how specific & difficult

goals improve performance

Page 18: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

• Explaining how the research illustrates the relation between specific & difficult goals & performance

Do your bestgoals

•No external standard for Performance•Performance defined individually

Specific & Difficult Goals

Clear performance standard

Low Performance

Hi Performance

Cite previous empirical/theoretical research on hypothesis here

Page 19: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

• √ Why are the variables in your hypothesis are related

OR

• Why are the variables in your hypothesis not related

Explaining the logic for/against your hypothesis

Page 20: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

1. State relation/hypothesis

2. Identify reason for why variables are believed to be related

3. Identify limitations of reasoning for hypothesis

4. Explain the reason for the counter hypothesis & how that reason is supported with empirical evidence

How to explain why variables are not related

Page 21: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

• State Hypothesis verbally & graphically– e.g., Participation results in more difficult goals

(cite previous empirical research here)

1st step to explain why variables are not related

Type of Goal

No Participation Easy

Participation Difficult

Page 22: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

• Identify reason for why variables are related

– Participation results in more difficult goals being set because supervisors do not know the abilities of subordinates (cite author of logic)

2nd step to explain why variables are not related

Page 23: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Difficult goalsParticipation

Easy goalsNo Participation

Subordinate knows ownAbility

Supervisor does not know Subordinate Ability

Assumption of the original Hypothesis

=

=

Cite researcher who questions assumption here

Page 24: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

• Demonstrate limitations of reason behind why variables are related

– Assumes that supervisors do not know the abilities of the subordinates and so assign easy goals

3rd step to explain why variables are not related

Cite researcher who questions assumption here

Page 25: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

3. Explain the reason for the counter hypothesis & how that reason is supported with empirical evidence

– When supervisors know the abilities of subordinates, participation does not result in more difficult goals as shown in results of study x conducted by xx in xx....

3rd step to explain why variables are not related

Page 26: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Easy goalsNo Participation

Difficult goalsNo Participation

Supervisor does not know Subordinate Ability

Supervisor knows Subordinate Ability

Explaining the reason for the counter Hypothesis

=

=

Page 27: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Does Supervisor Know Subordinate Ability

Yes No

No Participation Difficult Easy

Participation Difficult Difficult

• Describing how the empirical research (xx, ??) supports the counter hypothesis

Page 28: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

What we covered so far...what’s next

√ Your Hypothesis

Describe how you tested your Hypothesis

Inferences from research on your hypothesis

Page 29: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

• Method – Participants– Measures – Procedure

• Results – Describe Data analytic techniques used– Graphs/Tables of results obtained

• explain how they support/do not support the hypothesis

Describe how you tested your Hypothesis

Page 30: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Example Description of Participantsfrom Convenience Store Study

Page 31: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Who was observed in each

store

• 1319 clerks– Mostly urban

stores– 44% male clerks

Descriptive title of the type of participants

Sample size, relevant demographic characteristics with frequencies/mean info where possible

Page 32: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Response Rate

of Participants• 74% of women

participating in a women-only leadership development program

Descriptive title of the feature of the sample

Page 33: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Demographic Characteristics of Participants

• Average Age=40 – Range=26-57

• 92% White

• Avg. Salary =~78K (SD= ~32k)

Sample size, relevant demographic characteristics with frequencies/mean info where possible

Descriptive title of the feature of participants illustrated in slide

Page 34: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

• 50% had children under 18 yrs

• 71% in committed relationships

Family Status Characteristics of Participants

Sample size, relevant demographic characteristics with frequencies/mean info where possible

Descriptive title of the feature of participants illustrated in slide

Page 35: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Example Good & Bad Descriptions of Procedure

Page 36: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

(good)

Stratified sample of stores

2 Countries

1st Division

576 stores in total

18th Division10th Division........... ...........

1st District 72nd District50th District........... ...........

1st Store 8th Store4th Store .............. ...............

Page 37: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

(not so good)

Procedure

• Faxed questions to participants a few days before interview

• Pilot tested interview qs on 28 women managers

• Tape-recorded and transcribed each interview

Page 38: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Example Description of Measuresfrom Convenience Store Study

Page 39: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Measurement of Clerk Image

• 3 items rated by observers on a yes/no scale (reliability=??)– Was clerk wearing a

smock?– Was smock clean?– Was clerk wearing

name tag?

Brief description of Measure

Shorten questionnaire; give examples of items, reliability info, cite previous research on measures

Page 40: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Measurement of Store Stock Level

• Extent to which shelves, snack stands & refrigerators were fully stocked– Rated on 5-point

Likert scales

Brief description of Measure

Shorten questionnaire items, give examples of scale & Reliability info if relevant; previous research on measures here

Page 41: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

What was observed in each store

• 11805 transactions• 3 month observation

period • For each of the 576

stores – 1 day + 1 swing shift

• 25% of stores observed during night shift

– 1-20 transactions/visit • Up to 60

transactions/store

• 75% male customers

Brief description of Measure

Establishes reliability of measure: describes number of measurements, length of measurement, time of day of measurement

Page 42: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

• √ Method – Participants– Measures – Procedure

• Results – Remind audience of Hypothesis – Describe Data analytic techniques used– Present results in graphs/tables

• explain how they support/do not support the hypothesis

Describe how you tested your Hypothesis

Page 43: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Example of Results Section from Convenience Store

Study

Page 44: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Analysis to test whether line length

predicts the positive emotions of a clerk

• Clerk as unit of analysis (n=1319)

• Hierarchical multiple regression

• Dependent variable=positive emotion

Type of analysis conducted to test hypothesis (reminds audience of hypothesis)

Brief description of key components of analysis, indicate preliminary combinations here

Page 45: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Line length predicts a clerk’s positive emotions

•Yes, line length adds 3% of variance

•Line length negatively predicted display of positive emotion β=.-14 p<.001

Type of Model Multiple R

Adjusted R2

Without Line Length

.27 .07

With Line Length

.32 .10

Visual & numerical Display of Results

Short description of graphic display of results

Title indicates support/non support for hypothesis

Page 46: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Describe test of hypothesis visually & orally

• Present information numerically (e.g., via means, frequencies, correlations) & describe orally/written phrases

• Use graphics (e.g., bar charts, pie charts, line graphs) and interpret orally or w/ short phrases

Page 47: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

What we covered so far...what’s next

√ Your Hypothesis

√ Describe how you tested your Hypothesis

Inferences from your research on your hypothesis

Page 48: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Inferences from your research

• What do your results imply for future research?– What research would help you understand

more about the hypothesis

Page 49: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

What kinds of information will help you know more about your hypothesis?

• Should future research1. Test reasons for why hypothesis is true?

2. Test reasons for why hypothesis is not true?

3. Test reasons for why hypothesis is true in some situations but not in others?

Page 50: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

• Test explanations for hypothesis – Identify how to measure the (inner)

explanatory variables and how to establish their connection to those of the hypothesis

1st Type of Proposed Research

Page 51: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Extraversion(E)

Social experiences

Practice old skills

Non Verbal Skills (NVS)

Develop newSkills

++

+ +

+

Example A-Level Proposed Test of explanations for the hypothesis

Page 52: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Extraversion Social experiences+ NV Skills+

Not so good suggestion of Future Research

General Ability

Page 53: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

• Empirically tests explanations for why the hypothesis is not true

2nd Type of Proposed Research

Page 54: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

AgreeableExtraverts

Social experiences+ NV Skills+

Example reason for why the hypothesis is not true

Disagreeable Extraverts

Social experiences- NV Skills-

Page 55: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Extraversion Social experiences+ NV Skills+

2nd Type of Proposed Research

Example A-level Proposed Test of why hypothesis is not true

Agreeableness

Page 56: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Example A-level Test of the Explanation for the Counter Evidence

Social Experiences

Practice old skills

NV Skills

Develop newSkills

+

++

+

Conscientiousness

Openness to Experience

Extraversion(E)

+

Page 57: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

• Test explanations for why the hypothesis is true in some situations but not in others – Address methodological limitations or

definitional inadequacies

3rd Type of Proposed Research

Page 58: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

• e.g., when extraversion is measured/defined as frequency of positive affect, it is not related to Non verbal skills

Example how methodological inadequacies explain counter evidence

Page 59: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

ExtraversionIn Total

Social experiences+ NV Skills+

ExtraversionAs Positive Affect

Social experiences- NV Skills-

Example 3rd Type of Proposed Research

Page 60: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

• Present one good type of proposed study rather than 2 or 3 moderate quality ones– Focus!

• Show how proposed study logically flows from the research on your hypothesis or the counter evidence

Evaluation of Proposed Research

Page 61: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Content of your research presentation

• Explains the logic behind your hypothesis or counter hypothesis

• Define your variables & show why they are logically connected

• Illustrate with an empirical study

• Describes the test of hypothesis • you collected data to test your hypothesis • the results you analyzed tested your hypothesis

• Illustrates the logical next step for future research

Page 62: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

2nd element of your research presentation

• Content

• Form

Page 63: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Oral Presentation vs. Written Paper

• Focus

• Visuals

• Structure

• Speaking Ability

Page 64: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Oral Presentation is more focused

• Time limit! =25 min

• Highlight key point of each section of the written paper– e.g., Inferences section

• Written pres = more elaborate write up of findings, future research, implications & limitations, counter-evidence etc.

• Oral presentation = implications for future research

– demonstrate how you make evidence-based generalizations (analytical skills)

Page 65: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

• e.g., in explaining logic of hypothesis– models & graphics of the relation between the

variables + oral explanation

• e.g., in method– visual display sample size & method of data

collection & highlight main points orally

• e.g., in Results– Display findings in graphs & repeat orally

Oral Presentation uses visual elements more

Page 66: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Good Visuals

• Material presented is clearly visible (i.e., font size is appropriate, background & foreground contrast is good)

• Material on slides is adequate (i.e., not too much material on each slide)

• Supportive, does not over-shadow presentation

Page 67: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

• Introduction & Conclusion – vs. Abstract (in write up)

• Reminders of structure for audience– Titles of slides connect to keep audience on

track• e.g., Slides should have clear headings &

subheadings, title for each slide describes content of slide

– Map of where you are and where you are going...

Structure of Oral Presentation

Page 68: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Introduction vs Conclusion

• Intro asks the question, conclusion gives the answer – Your hypothesis/research question– Short phrase describing how you tested your

hypothesis • (e.g.., where you collected data, or who your

participants were)

– Short description of what your inference is about (without totally giving away the ‘insight’)

Page 69: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Example Introduction

• Why extraversion is related to non verbal skills

• Study of male nurses

• Why future research should focus on the role of agreeableness

Page 70: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Speaking Ability

Timing • Is not more than 2 minutes over or under 25 minutes

Pace • Speaker is not rushed at the end & maintains the same speed throughout the talk

Intonation • Speaker varies tone and volume to enhance points made during talk

Eye contact • Speaker engages individual members of the audience by connecting with them. Does not simply look up from his/her note; Does not glance briefly toward audience

Enthusiasm • Speaker uses appropriate physical gestures, demonstrates interest for topic, seems excited when speaking about the topic.

Page 71: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Oral Presentation of Research highlights your skill in

• Being Focused

• Presenting Information Visually

• Being Highly Structured

• Your Speaking Ability

Page 72: How to do your research presentation Research Methods IRE2002Y Radhakrishnan

Research presentation is evaluated on Content & Form

• Content = explanatory, analytical & descriptive skills

• Form = speaking skills, descriptive skills, ability to structure things