how to define life. is ebola a living thing? most people have heard of ebola – a deadly virus that...
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HOW TO DEFINE LIFE
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Is Ebola a living thing? Most people have heard of Ebola –
a deadly VIRUS that is affecting people in parts of Africa.
Viruses: Have DNA..... but no cellular structure Can reproduce.....but only with a host Use energy.... but this comes from the host cell’s machinery
So....is the Ebola virus a living thing? What do you think?
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How do you know something is alive?
Biology means the study of (-ology) all life (bio-) and includes many branches
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How do you know something is alive?
Biologists organize living things into kingdoms. There are currently six kingdoms.
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How do you know something is alive?
Kingdom Example
Archaebacteria Extremophile bacteria
Eubacteria Typical bacteria
Protista Seaweed, Amoeba, Slime Mold
Fungi Yeast, Mushrooms
Plantae Moss, Fern, Holly, Oak Tree
Animalia Worms, Fish, Birds, Frogs, Humans
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CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE & LIFE PROCESSES
ORGANIZATION The level of complexity All living things need six essential
elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus,
and Sulfur (CHNOPS) All living things are made cells
One-celled organism - unicellular Many-celled organism -
multicellular
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CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE & LIFE PROCESSES
ENERGY USEOrganisms need energy
constantly to build molecules (synthesis) and cell and to break down (digest) substances (such as breaking down food for nutrition)
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Fill It In …Synthesis means ….
Visual:
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CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE & LIFE PROCESSES
ENERGY USEOrganisms must transport
nutrients to be used in cellular respiration to produce energy
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CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE & LIFE PROCESSES
ENERGY USEAn organism’s chemical
reactions are called its metabolism
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CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE & LIFE PROCESSES
REPRODUCTIONAn organism must replace
themselves so the entire species will survive
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CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE & LIFE PROCESSES
REPRODUCTIONMay be asexual (only one
individual contributes genetic material) or sexual (two individuals contribute genes)
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CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE & LIFE PROCESSES
GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT Growth - to increase in size.
Increases the number of cells of a multicellular organism
Development - change that takes place in structure and function of an organism during its life cycle. Example: embryo becomes a fetus
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CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE & LIFE PROCESSES
RESPOND TO STIMULIA quick, non-permanent
changeStimulus - anything that
causes an organism to react
Example: a loud noise (stimulus) causes your dog to run under the bed (response)
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CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE & LIFE PROCESSES
ADJUST TO ENVIRONMENTHomeostasis - the
regulation of an organism’s internal environment to maintain conditions for life
Ex: Getting rid of wastes by excretion
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CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE & LIFE PROCESSES
ADJUST TO ENVIRONMENTAn adaptation is an
inherited structure, behavior, or internal process that enables organisms to better survive an environment
Ex: Gills on a fish
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Fill It In …
Life Processes: (things you do)S-T-E-R-N-G-R-R-
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Fill It In …
Life Processes: (things you do)S- synthesisT- transportE- excretionR- regulationN- nutritionG- growth & developmentR- reproduceR- respond to stimuli
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Something extra …Characteristics of Life: (things you have)C-H-R-E-G-L-E-R-
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Something extra …Characteristics of Life: (things you have)C- cellsH- homeostasisR- reproductionE- energyG- genetic material (DNA)L- levels of organizationE- evolveR- respiration
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Check Yourself! What is the basic unit of life? A group of cells that perform a similar function are known
as a ___________. What are two reasons an organism needs energy?
Label the following an an adaptation or a response to a stimulus The hollow bones of a bird __________________ Jerking your hand away from a hot stove ___________________
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Check Yourself! What is the basic unit of life? CELL A group of cells that perform a similar function are known
as a ___________. What are two reasons an organism needs energy?
Label the following an an adaptation or a response to a stimulus The hollow bones of a bird __________________ Jerking your hand away from a hot stove ___________________
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Check Yourself! What is the basic unit of life? CELL A group of cells that perform a similar function are known
as a _TISSUE_. What are two reasons an organism needs energy?
Label the following an an adaptation or a response to a stimulus The hollow bones of a bird __________________ Jerking your hand away from a hot stove ___________________
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Check Yourself! What is the basic unit of life? CELL A group of cells that perform a similar function are known
as a _TISSUE_. What are two reasons an organism needs energy? SYTHESIS, DIGESTION, TRANSPORT, METABOLISM
Label the following an an adaptation or a response to a stimulus The hollow bones of a bird __________________ Jerking your hand away from a hot stove ___________________
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Check Yourself! What is the basic unit of life? CELL A group of cells that perform a similar function are known
as a _TISSUE_. What are two reasons an organism needs energy? SYTHESIS, DIGESTION, TRANSPORT, METABOLISM
Label the following an an adaptation or a response to a stimulus The hollow bones of a bird ADAPTATION_ Jerking your hand away from a hot stove ___________________
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Check Yourself! What is the basic unit of life? CELL A group of cells that perform a similar function are known
as a _TISSUE_. What are two reasons an organism needs energy? SYTHESIS, DIGESTION, TRANSPORT, METABOLISM
Label the following an an adaptation or a response to a stimulus The hollow bones of a bird ADAPTATION_ Jerking your hand away from a hot stove _RESPONSE TO STIMULUS__